Homework

8. Study the vocabulary to the text “Types of plants”:

alga (мн.algae)	['ælgə]	морская водоросль
angiosperm	[ændıəu'spə:m]	покрытосемянное растение
cone	[kəun]	конус, шишка хвойных деревьев, пик
conifer	['knıfə]	хвойное дерево
cycad=cicada	[sı'ka:də]	цикада
deciduous	[dı'sıdjuəs], амер. [dı'sıdus]	листопадный, лиственный
drug	[drg]	медикаменты, снадобье
enclose	[ın'kləus],амер. [en'kləuz ]	окружать, заключать, прилагать
evergreen	['evəgrı:n]	вечнозелёный
evolve	[ı'vlv]	эволюционировать
fern	[fə:n]	папоротник
fiber	[faıbə]	волокно, волосок, (боковой корень)
fungi	['fηaı], ['fndaı]	гриб, (плесень)
gingko	['dınkəu]	(китайское) гинкго
gymnosperm	[dımnəus'pə:m]	голосемянное растение
lumber	['lmbə]	строевой лес, брёвна
mosses	['msız]	мхи
needle	['nı:dl]	игла, иголка
ovary	['əuv(ə)rı]	завязь
ovule	[vju:l, 'əuvju:l]	семяпочка
pollen	['plın]	пыльца
provide	[prə'vaıd]	снабжать, обеспечивать, запасать
replace	[rı'pleıs]	восстанавливать (замещать)
reproduce	[rı:prə'dju:s]	воспроизводить, репродуцировать
ripened	['raıp(ə)nd]	зрелый, созревший
shed	[ed]	ронять, терять, сбрасывать
spectacular	[spek'tækjulə]	впечатляющий, эффектный
thrive	[θraıv]	пышно расти, разрастаться

9. Read and translate the text “Types of plants”, find in the text:

a) sentences in the Present Continuous(Progressive) Active;

b) sentences in the Present Continuous (Progressive) Passive.

Types of plants

Nick Brown is a teacher of botany at a biological faculty of Novgorod State University of Yaroslav the Wise. Nick likes his job because he meets lots of young, energetic, sociable, diligent, responsible, smart and intelligent students. Nick is a born teacher. An ability to be a genuine teacher is God’s gift; it’s a talent like the talent of a writer, an artist or a musician. Nick is like a sculptor: he moulds a personality out of a student like a sculptor creates a beautiful statue out of clay. Sympathy for students, the ability to communicate with them, understanding and effective teaching them – these are the most important qualities of Nick as a teacher. Nick Brown is famous for his interesting lectures on types of plants existing in the world: algae, mosses, fungi, fern, gymnosperms and angiosperms. He has a unique trait to awake students` interest in botany. His lectures and seminars are always informative and amazing. He usually supplies them with interesting facts and stories from the history of botany. Posters and video are often used at lectures to make theoretical material more spectacular.

At the moment Nick is reading a lecture about gymnosperms and angiosperms. All the students are listening carefully and putting down the most important aspects into their copybooks. Here is the part of his lecture: “Gymnosperms and angiosperms represent two big groups in the plant kingdom and thus are being discussed in our today’s lecture.

Gymnosperms are a type of plant that reproduces by a seed that is not enclosed as with angiosperms who have seeds contained flowers. Many of these plants are conifers or cone bearing plants.

Gymnosperms are found throughout the world. They have roots and stems. Their leaves are in the form of needles in conifers.

At the time of pollination, the pollen or male pollen grains fall among the cone scales until they fall on to the ovules. As the cone grows up, it gets bigger and the seeds that are created by the male pollen and female parts are seen. Most conifers are evergreens or always green and they do not shed their leaves as deciduous plants do but retain their needles for quite a while. When the needles fall off, they are quickly replaced. Other groups within the gymnosperms include the ginkgos and cycads.

Angiosperms are flowering plants.

Angiosperms are the biggest group in the plant kingdom. They have true roots, stems, leaves and flowers. They also have seeds. The seeds are formed when an egg or ovule is fertilized by pollen in the ovary. The ovary is within a flower. The flower contains the male and/or female parts of the plant. Fruits are frequently produced from these ripened ovaries.

Angiosperms are more highly evolved than the algae, mosses, fungi and ferns. Their advanced structures allow angiosperms to thrive on land. They have roots that hold the plant in place and take in needed minerals and water. They have leaves that are the major food makes for the plant. They have stems that hold the plants up and move the nutrients and water about the plant.

Angiosperms the primary food source for animals and provides oxygen for us to breathe. They provide lumber for buildings and other objects, fibers for clothes, are the basis for many drugs, etc”.