- •History of russian seafaring
- •Unit I How Russian explorers reached the Pacific Ocean,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about how Russian explorers reached the Pacific Ocean
- •Unit II
- •The Azov campaigns of Peter the Great and the founding of
- •The Russian Navy,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about the Azov campaign of Russia unit III The expedition of Bering and Chirikov,
- •Exercises
- •VI. Give Russian equivalents
- •VII. Grammar revision
- •VIII. Answer the questions
- •IX. Insert prepositions
- •X. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XI. Give English equivalents
- •XII. Translate into English
- •Unit IV The second Kamchatka expedition,
- •Exercises
- •I. Read and translate the information using the vocabulary
- •II. Translate the verbs, give the three forms
- •III. Give Russian equivalents
- •IV. Grammar revision
- •V. Answer the questions
- •VI. Insert prepositions
- •VII. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •VIII. Agree or disagree to the following statements
- •IX. Give English equivalents
- •X. Translate into English
- •Unit V Mikhail Lomonosov,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about a great Russian scientist or explorer unit VI Admiral Spiridov and the battle of Chesma,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms
- •IX. Grammar revision
- •X. Answer about the article
- •XI. Insert prepositions
- •XII. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XIII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIV. Give English equivalents
- •XV. Tell your classmates about the victory of the Russian fleet in the battle of Chesma
- •Unit VII
- •The first voyage of Russian seamen round the world
- •(I. Krusenstern and y. Lisyansky),
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about the first Russian round-the-world expedition unit VIII The first voyage of Russian seamen round the world,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Grammar revision
- •IX. Answer about the article
- •X. Insert prepositions
- •XI. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIII. Give English equivalents
- •XIV. Tell your classmates about the first voyage of Russian seamen round the world
- •Unit IX
- •The discovery of the Antarctic Continent
- •By f. F. Bellingshausen and m. P. Lazarev,
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Answer about the article
- •IX. Insert prepositions
- •X. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XI. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XII. Give English equivalents
- •XIII. Tell your classmates about the discovery of the Antarctic continent by Russian seafarers unit X Admiral Dmitry Senyavin,
- •Exercises
- •V. Give Russian equivalents
- •VI. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VII. Grammar revision
- •VIII. Answer about the article
- •IX. Insert prepositions
- •X. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XI. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XII. Give English equivalents
- •XIII. Tell your classmates about Dmitry Nikolayevich Senyavin unit XI Brig Mercury,
- •Principal dimensions of the ship:
- •Exercises
- •VII. Answer the questions
- •VIII. Insert prepositions and adverbs
- •IX. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •X. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XI. Give English equivalents
- •XII. Tell your classmates all you know about the feat of the brig’s crew unit XII the far eastern territories
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Answer about the article
- •IX. Insert prepositions
- •X. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XI. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XII. Give English equivalents
- •XIII. Tell your classmates about the history of the Russian Far Eastern territories unit XIII Arctic Politics
- •Exercises
- •VII. Arrange the following in pairs of synonyms
- •VIII. Arrange the following in pairs of antonyms
- •IX. Grammar revision
- •X. Answer about the article
- •XI. Insert prepositions
- •XII. Insert the proper words, see the words below
- •XIII. Say in one word, see the words below
- •XIV. Give English equivalents
- •XVI. Tell your partner about the Arctic
Unit V Mikhail Lomonosov,
1711 – 1765
The name of Mikhail Vasilyevieh Lomonosov, the great Russian scientist and poet, is known to everyone in Russia. The range of his scientific activities was remarkably wide and varied.
Russian seamanship owes much to Lomonosov. He carried out the very important work of making a full atlas of the Russian Empire. It was published only 27 years after his death.
The great scientist realized the necessity of exploring the Arctic Ocean and establishing a regular sea route along the coasts of Siberia. He proposed sending out a special polar expedition for this purpose. After his death Admiral Chichagov tried to put Lomonosov’s ideas into practice.
Y. М. Shokalsky, a well-known Soviet specialist in oceanography, points out that Lomonosov’s works contain many important data on the change of tides, the dependence of the concentration of salt in sea water on the vicinity of the coast and ice, etc.
Under his supervision various marine instruments, such as spyglasses, barometers, thermometers and so on, were made. Lomonosov invented an observation post of special construction convenient for watching the sea in stormy weather.
His research work Discussions on Greater Precision in Seafaring lay in the archives of the Academy of Sciences for more than 150 years. In this work he proposed making different instruments and devices for seafaring which foreign inventors thought of only many years later. One of these devices was a self-recording compass. Now this apparatus invented by Lomonosov is called a course recorder. Lomonosov also invented a mechanical log connected with the hull of the ship, by means of which the navigator could easily calculate the distance covered by the ship without leaving the wheel-house or having the sailors heave the log.
Lomonosov insisted on establishing a Seafaring Academy for research work in all fields connected with seamanship.
Exercises
I. Repeat the words after the teacher
scientist, scientific, activities, empire, realized, oceanography, instrument, convenient, precision, archive, academy, mechanical, wheel-house, heave
II. Read and translate the international words
poet, atlas, regular, special, polar, expedition, idea, specialist, oceanography, concentration, instrument, barometer, thermometer, observation, post, construction, discussion, archive, academy, compass, course, mechanical, log, navigator, distance
III. Read and translate the information using the vocabulary
IV. Translate the verbs, give the three forms
know, owe, carry out, publish, realize, explore, establish, propose, send, point out, contain, change, invent, observe, watch, lie, think, call, connect, calculate, cover, leave, heave, insist
V. Give the derivatives of the words
science, act, sea, ocean, glass, observe, construct
VI. Give Russian equivalents
the range of activities, remarkably varied, owes much, carry out, realize the necessity, establish sea routes, along the coasts, for this purpose, put the ideas into practice, well-known, point out, the dependence of the concentration of salt on the vicinity of the coast and ice, under the supervision, marine instruments, observation post, convenient for watching sea, greater precision, lay in the archives, foreign inventors, self-recording, course recorder, log connected with the hull, by means of, easily calculate the distance, without leaving the wheel-house, heave the log, insisted on establishing, fields connected with seamanship