- •Учереждение образования
- •I. Предмет дисциплины и цель обучения
- •1.1. Цель преподавания дисциплины.
- •1.2. Задачи изучения дисциплины.
- •1.3. Связь дисциплины с другими учебными дисциплинами.
- •1.4. Структура пособия.
- •1.5. Содержание итогового экзамена.
- •II. Учебно-методические указания по изучению дисциплины
- •2.1. Самостоятельная работа студентов.
- •2.2. Формы контроля за работой студентов.
- •Предисловие
- •Contents
- •English tenses (active voice)
- •The verb
- •1. The verb “to be”
- •The present continuous tense
- •The present simple tense
- •The past simple tense
- •Упражнения
- •Future simple
- •Упражнения
- •The past continuous tense
- •Упражнения
- •The future continuous tense
- •Упражнения
- •The present perfect tense
- •Упражнения
- •I have already written the letter but I haven’t posted it yet.
- •The past perfect tense
- •Упражнения
- •The future perfect tense
- •Упражнения
- •The present perfect continuous tense
- •Упражнения
- •The past perfect continuous tense
- •Упражнения
- •The future perfect continuous tense
- •Упражнения на все видо-временные формы английского глагола
- •Специальный тест на временные формы глаголов
- •The passive voice
- •Cравнительная таблица глагольных форм в активном и пассивном залогах
- •Passive (present, past and future simple)
- •Passive (present, past and future perfect)
- •Reported speech and sequence of tenses
- •Say - tell
- •Вопросительные предложения Специальные вопросы
- •Общие вопросы
- •Повелительные предложения
- •Test on the reported speech
- •Условные предложения (conditional sentences)
- •If she knew English well she wouldn’t make a lot of mistakes.
- •Test on the conditional sentences
- •I.Vocabulary notes
- •II. Reading
- •Entering the Profession
- •Legal Profession
- •III. Discussion.
- •I.Vocabulary notes.
- •II. Reading
- •Laws and Customs
- •Aims of Law
- •Systems of Law
- •III. Discussion.
- •1. Crime. Causes of crime.
- •I.Vocabulary notes.
- •II.Reading
- •Crime. Causes of Crime
- •III. Discussion.
- •2. Punishment
- •I.Vocabulary notes
- •II. Reading
- •Criminal Punishment
- •Capital Punishment: for and against
- •III. Discussion.
- •Some tips
- •1.Civil Law.
- •I.Vocabulary notes.
- •II.Reading
- •Distinctions between Сriminal and Сivil Law
- •III. Discussion.
- •2.Contract Law.
- •I. Vocabulary notes.
- •II.Reading
- •Definition of a Contract
- •Offer, Acceptance and Consideration
- •III. Discussion.
- •3.Family Law.
- •I.Vocabulary notes
- •II.Reading
- •Law and Family
- •Law of Divorce. Protection of Children
- •I. Discussion
- •4.Business Law.
- •I.Vocabulary notes
- •II.Reading
- •Business Law and Business Crime
- •III. Discussion.
- •5. Tax Law.
- •I.Vocabulary notes.
- •II. Reading
- •Taxation and its principles. Kinds of taxes
- •III. Discussion.
- •Legal texts for reading. Law and Society
- •Solicitors
- •Barristers
- •Federal Bureau of Investigation, United States Department of Justice
- •Scotland Yard
- •Interpol
- •From the History of Punishment
- •Death Penalty
- •The Inmate’s Letter
- •World banking system is a 'money launderers' dream'
- •I. Vocabulary notes
- •II. Discussion
- •I. Vocabulary notes
- •II. Discussion
- •I. Vocabulary notes
- •II. Discussion
- •I. Vocabulary notes.
- •II. Discussion
- •I. Vocabulary notes
- •II. Dicsussion
- •Interesting quotations
- •Supplementary reading. The self and thinking
- •Are you happy being you?
- •Emotion
- •Competence
- •Characteristics of competent communicators.
- •How to tell when another person is lying. Nonverbal cues and the detection of deception.
- •How to help a depressed loved one.
- •A new way to look at death.
- •Bibliography
The present perfect tense
Present Perfect образуется при помощи вспомогательного глагола to have в форме настоящего времени (have, has) и формы причастия прошедшего времени смыслового глагола: I have worked, he has worked, we have worked.
Утвердительная форма Отрицательная форма Вопросительная
I have walked I’ve walked I have not walked I haven’t walked Have I walked?
You have walked You’ve walked You have not walked You haven’t walked Have you walked?
He has walked He’s walked He has not walked He hasn’t walked Has he walked?
She has walked She’s walked She has not walked She hasn’t walked Has she walked?
It has walked It’s walked It has not walked It hasn’t walked Has it walked?
We have walked We’ve walked We have not walked We haven’t walked Have we walked?
You have walked You’ve walked You have not walked You haven’t walked Have you walked?
They have walked They’ve walked They have not walked They haven’t walked Have they walked?
СЛУЧАИ УПОТРЕБЛЕНИЯ:
1. Для выражения действия, совершившегося в прошлом, без указания времени совершения действия.
I’ve bought a new dress. Я купила новое платье.
He has lost his passport. Он потерял паспорт.
2. Для выражения как однократного действия, так и действия, повторявшегося несколько раз.
I have read that book twice. Я читал эту книгу два раза.
He has been to France three times. Он был во Франции три раза.
Present Perfect часто употребляется с наречиями неопределенного времениjust только что, already уже, yet еще, ever когда-либо, never никогда, lately (за) последнее время, а также с обстоятельственными словами, обозначающими еще не истекшие периоды времени –today сегодня, this week (month, year) на этой неделе (в этом месяце, в этом году).
I have just cut my finger. Ятолько чтопорезал палец.
He has already come back home. Онужевернулся домой.
Maryhasn’t leftschoolyet. Марияеще незакончила школу.
Have you ever seen a tiger? Выкогда-нибудьвидели тигра?
I have never been to a police station. Яникогдане был в полицейском участке.
3. Для выражения действия, начавшегося в прошлом и не завершившегося до настоящего момента с глаголами, не употребляющимися во временах группы Continuous. В этом случаеPresentPerfectпереводится на русский языкнастоящимвременем.
She has been here since two o’clock. Она (находится) здесьсдвух часов.
I have known him for three years. Я знаю его(уже) три года.
Упражнения
Упр. 30. Составьте предложения по образцу.
Bill and Peter (arrive) Bill and Peter have arrived.
We (not clean) our shoes. We haven’t cleaned our shoes.
1. They (not answer) my note.
2. We (repair) our house.
3. Tom (repair) the TV set.
4. I (not finish) my coffee.
5. Your new bike (not arrive).
6. I (listen) to my new record.
7. The football match (not start).
8. She (travel) to many places.
9. She (be) married three times.
10. It (not stop) raining.
Неправильные глаголы
11. Tom (win) the race.
12. Matthew (not eat) his sandwich.
13. You (write) to your pen-friend?
14. Who (take) my keys?
15. Karen (sell) her camera.
21. you (see) Emma’s new dress?
22. I (break) my glasses.
23. The postman (not come) yet.
24. We (be) in New York for two weeks.
25. you (buy) Tony a birthday present?
16. She (not buy) a new dress. 26. My mother (make) a cake.
17. She (see) an UFO. 27. Joan (catch) a cold.
18. My parents (leave) for Turkey. 28. My brother (hurt) his leg.
19. Susan (eat) three ice-creams. 29. We (win) a game.
20. They (built) a new house. 30. A thief (steal) a bike.
Упр. 31. Составьте предложения по образцу.
Пример: I - write a letter / mail it
Tom – learn English / learn French