The passive voice

Времена страдательного залога образуются при помощи вспомогательного глагола to be в соответствующем времени и формы причастия прошедшего времени (PastParticiple) смыслового глагола. При спряжении глагола в страдательном залоге иpменяется только глаголto be, смысловой же глагол имеет во всех временах одну и ту же форму –PastParticiple.

Active: Picasso painted that picture.

Passive: That picture was painted by Picasso.

Present Simple He delivers letters. Letters are delivered.

Past Simple He delivered the letters. The letters were delivered.

Future Simple He will deliver the letters. The letters will be delivered.

Present Continuous He is delivering the letters. The letters are being delivered.

Past Continuous He was delivering the letters. The letters were being delivered.

Present Perfect He has delivered the letters. The letters have been delivered.

Past Perfect He had delivered the letters. The letters had been delivered.

Future Perfect He will have delivered the letters The letters will have been delivered.

Modals He may deliver the letters. The letters may be delivered.

He must deliver the letters. The letters must be delivered.

Cравнительная таблица глагольных форм в активном и пассивном залогах

АКТИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect
Present	build	am /is/ are building	have / has built
Past	built	was /were building	had built
Future	will build		will have built

ПАССИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ

	Simple	Continuous	Perfect
Present	am /is /are built	am is /are being built	has / have been built
Past	was / were built	was / were being built	had been built
Future	will be built		will have been built

Passive (present, past and future simple)

Present simple tense of verb to be (am, is, are/was ,were/will be) + past participle

Active Passive The Italians eat a lot of pasta. A lot of pasta is eaten by Italians. They sold heir house very quickly. Their house was sold very quickly. They will invite Tom. Tom will be invited.

Упр. 50. Определите в каком залоге (активном или пассивном) стоит глагол в

предложениях.

1. The exercises are written. 8. Many lorries are made in Minsk.

2. The tickets are sold every day. 9. Many tractors are made in Belarus.

3. She reads books every day. 10. The answer is sent in time.

4. The shops are closed at 7. 11. The letter is received.

5. They often write letters. 12. A new house is built in our street.

6. She always answers well. 13. The question is answered well.

7. The cup is broken by John. 14. She reads well.

Упр. 51. Переделайте следующие предложения в Present Simple Passive.

Example: We read books every day.

Books are read every day (by us).

1. We ask a lot of questions at the lessons. 7. Cats eat mice.

2. We always invite him to our place. 8. They speak English here.

3. Ann sees him every day. 9. She usually writes letters in the evening.

4. They play football out-of-doors. 10. They take many books from the library.

5. I always buy tickets for him. 11. They serve wine and beer here.

6. Mother cooks dinner every day. 12. They grow grapes in the Crimea.

Упр. 52. Переделайте следующие предложения в Present Simple Passive.

Example: 70 billion cups of tea __are drunk__ (drink) in Britain every year.

1 A billion litres of fruit juice ______________________(buy) by the British every year.

2 20 million litres of milk ______________________(drink) every day.

3 9 million chickens and turkeys ________________________(kill) every week.

4 Not everybody eats meet. Meat _______________________(not eat) by three per cent of

British people.

5 3,500 litres of water ________________(use) by the average British family every week.

6 In Britain over 15 million newspapers ____________________(read) every day.

7 Over 30 million television sets ________________(own) by British families.

8 Every day enough rubbish _______________________(produce) to fill Trafalgar Square -

up to the top of Nelson’s Column!

Упр. 53. Прочитайте и переведите следующие предложения. (Past Simple Passive)

1. The letter was written last week. 6. The door was locked every night.

2. The watch was repaired yesterday. 7. I was shown a new picture.

3. Yesterday all the tickets were sold out. 8. I was given some roses.

4. The book was written by Dickens. 9. I was told an interesting story last week.

5. The coats were left in the cloak-room. 10. America was discovered by Columbus.

Упр. 54. Поставьте предложения из упр. 53 в вопросительную и отрицательную

формы.

Example: The letter was written last week.

Was the letter written last week?

The letter wasn’t written last week.

Упр. 55. Переделайте предложения из Present Simple Passive в Past Simple Passive.

Example: The exercise is done. - The exercise was done.

1. He is offered a nice present. 5. Parcels are posted every day.

2. Are the dishes washed three times a day? 6. A lot of tractors are made in Minsk.

3. Dictations are written once a week. 7. The question is answered well.

4. English is taught in our school. 8. They are often seen in the garage.

Упр. 56. Раскройте скобки, употребляя глагол в Present или Past Simple Passive .

1. The first Wimbledon tournament ______________(hold) in 1877.

2. That year, the men’s championship ________________ (win) by Spenser William Gore.

He didn’t even like the game. He preferred cricket!

3. The youngest women’s champion was Lottie Dod. She was only fifteen when she won her

first championship in 1887. Long dresses _____________(wear) by women tennis players in

those days, but Lottie _______________(allow) to wear a skirt because she was so young.

4. Before 1986, white tennis balls _______________ (use) at Wimbleton. Yellow balls

_____________ (use) now because they show up better on television.

5. The game ______________(play) on grass courts.

6. Every year, used balls _______________(sell) to raise money for British schools.

7. Every year, 182 pupils from The Beacon School in Banstead ___________________(choose)

to become ball boys and girls.

8. Twenty-seven thousand strawberries _______________(eat) at last year’s Wimbledon with

seven thousand litres of cream.

Упр. 57. Переведите предложения на русский язык. (Future Simple Passive)

1. The shop will be closed at 10 p.m. 6. You will be shown a lot of pictures there.

2. The library will be opened at 9 a.m. 7. The watch will be repaired tomorrow.

3. The letter will be received soon. 8. The book will be sold soon.

4. The parcel will not be posted soon. 9. Ann will be given a present on Saturday.

5. The final match will be played on Sunday. 10. The letter will be written in time.

Упр. 58. Поставьте предложения из упр. 57 в вопросительную и отрицательную

формы.

Example: The letter will be posted tomorrow.

Will the letter be posted tomorrow?

The letter will not (won’t) be posted tomorrow.

Упр. 59. Переделайте предложения из Present Simple Passive в Future Simple Passive.

1. The woman is taken to hospital. 7. Football is played all over the world.

2. Tea is always made by my mother. 8. She is often left at home.

3. The tickets are collected by Tom. 9. She is taken home in time.

4. Your books are used in our class. 10. The children are put to bed in time.

5. We are often told jokes. 11. The dishes are washed by Susan.

6. Breakfast is often cooked by my sister. 12. The shop is closed by the shop-assistant.

Упр. 60. Переделайте предложения из активного в пассивный залог.

1. Collective farmers grow potatoes.

2. Our cat caught a mouse yesterday.

3. They told him about it.

4. We’ll clean the room in time.

5. My mother always prepares dinner.

6. The police arrested the man.

7. The postman leaves the parcels in the hall.

8. They will bring the milk in the evening.

9. We serve hot meals till 10.30.

10. Doctor Brown will give you some advice.

11. A famous designer will redecorate the hotel.

12. Fleming discovered penicillin.

13. The watchman called the police.

Passive (present and past continuous)

Present and past continuous tense of verb to be (am, is, are / was, were being) + past participle Active Passive They are repairing the bridge. The bridge is being repaired. Somebody was following them. They were being followed.

Упр. 61. Прочитайте и переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. The coffee is being brought. 6. A new French film is being shown now.

2. He is being asked rules. 7. A new theatre is being built in our street.

3. When I came in she was being examined. 8. The plan was being discussed from 1 to 3

4. The book is being widely discussed now. o’clock.

5. The room was being aired when you were out. 9. The child is being dressed.

Упр. 62. Что происходит в аэропорту? Раскройте скобки, употребляя глаголы в

Present Continuous Passive.

Someone’s ticket ___is being checked______ (check).

1 Someone’s luggage ___________________________________(weigh).

2 Now labels ________________________________________ (stick on).

3 Now the cases ________________________(put) onto the conveyor belt.

4 A flight __________________________(announce) over the loudspeaker.

5 Passports _____________________________________________(check). .

6 Passengers ____________________________(drive) to the aircraft by bus.

Упр. 63. Рабочие ремонтировали старый дом. Что происходило? Раскройте скобки,

употребляя глаголы в Past Continuous Passive.

1. The door _______________________ (paint).

2. The grass ______________________ (cut).

3. The rubbish ______________________(take away).

4. A garage _________________________( build).

5. The fence _________________________repair).

6. The windows _______________________(wash).

7. A nesting box _______________________ (put up).

8. Trees _______________________________(plant).

9. Furniture ___________________________(deliver).

Упр. 64. Переделайте предложения из активного в пассивный залог.

1. Someone is showing her new toys.

2. Somebody was looking for you 5 minutes ago.

3. They were discussing the problem.

4. They are sending Mr Brown to London on business.

5. When I rang the door they were putting the child to bed.

6. A dog is chasing the child.

7. The wind was blowing the clouds away.

8. Somebody was cleaning the room when I arrived.

9. They are building a new ring-road round the city.

10. He is always asking me for some money.

11. I didn’t realize that somebody was recording our conversation.

12. Somebody is helping her with the housework.

13. A farmer is building a new barn.