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3. Say what you have learned from the text about the development of the Spanish tourist industry.

4. Complete the text using the correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

During the 1960s in Britain some resorts (a) _________ (lose) their way and the will to develop. Some, like Brighton and Bournemouth, (b) ________ (change) direction and (c) ________ (go) for conference business and English language students. Thousands of small hotels and boarding houses (d) ________ (become) retirement homes.

However, although at that time the boom in cheap holidays at Mediterranean resorts (e) ________ (threaten) the future of British seaside resorts, since then they (f) _______ (adapt) to the new demands for shorter holidays and for off-peak holidays. Brighton (g) _________ (invest) in a marina, a conference centre, and a number of new hotels.

The history of modern mass tourism (h) ________ (begin) relatively slowly in the 1960s but (i) ________ (accelerate) with the advent of the wide-bodied jets in 1970, and the substantial growth only (j) _________ (halt) in 1973 with major recession. Until then the market (k) ________ (develop) in a fairly unsophisticated way and was highly seasonal. Then (l) ________ (come) a second setback in 1981, but tourism (m) ________ (remain) remarkably resilient and expansion (n) ________ (follow) the pause. It (o) ________ (be) in the early 1980s that new markets and new segments emerged, when seasonality (p) ________ (be) first challenged, and quality and value for money (q) ________ (be) increasingly demanded.

Change will accelerate, markets will need to identify change, producers and developers will need to respond to it. But standards (r) ________ (improve), competition (s) ________ (intensify) and the expectations of the traveller are much higher.

5. Explain the meanings of the following words.

  1. the boom in cheap holiday 7. demand for smth

  2. to intensify competition 8. off-peak holidays

  3. with the advent of the wide-bodied jets 9. a marina

  4. new segments of the market emerged 10. value for money

  5. the market was highly seasonal 11. seasonality was challenged

  6. remain remarkably resilient 12. major recession

6. Answer the questions.

  1. Why did the tourist industry of Britain face a setback in the 1960s?

  2. How did the British seaside resorts try to survive in the tough competition?

  3. What influenced faster development of mass tourism in the 1970s?

  4. Why did tourism remain resilient to major recession?

  5. Why are the expectations of the traveller higher nowadays?

Listening and reading

Listen to the tape and read the text.

Pre-reading

The text you are about to read describes the early history of tourism. List five key words you might expect to meet in the text. What events and conditions in society do you think first led to tourism?

Skim and scan

  1. The text mentions two people whose names are still prominent in the travel industry. Who are they? Do you know where their names can be seen today?

  2. What were the two Acts of Parliament which created the preconditions for mass tourism? What did this legislation provide for?

The origins of mass tourism

In the late eighteenth century, sea water gained a reputation for its medicinal properties and as a result many British coastal fishing villages were transformed into fashionable resorts. Brighton and Weymouth both became popular with genteel holidaymakers after George III paid them a visit to try and cure the fits of madness from which he suffered. The earliest organization of anything that we would recognize today as tourism started in the mid-nineteenth century. Thomas Cook is historically credited with organizing the first ever tourist excursion in 1841 when he sold tickets for a train ride from Leicester to Loughborough as means of promoting the Temperance cause. Methodist missionary Henry Lunn pioneered the skiing holiday just a few years later.

It was the Industrial Revolution that really began to open up tourism to the working classes. As a result of the widespread social and technological reforms a new middle class grew up, whose increased prosperity meant that they could afford to travel. The Bank Holiday Act of Parliament in 1871, creating four annual public holidays and the Factory Act of 1901, which gave the first ever paid annual holiday allowance of six days, provided the necessary legislation to give the working British public leisure time at no financial loss.

The new railways provided cheap travel to seaside resorts such as Scarborough and Blackpool. Public holidays would see a mass exodus from the large cities of Manchester, Liverpool and Leeds to the coast, for people to be entertained at fun-fairs and shows catering to the tastes of the working man.

People were also becoming aware of a world put side their own direct experience. Solders travelling to foreign countries saw opportunities and wanted to return in peacetime. The colonial era brought India, Australia, Africa and other parts of the world into spotlight of the European colonial powers. The advent of photography provide visual evidence of the existence of the exotic and began to stir interest among the more adventurous to see the sights for themselves. The Taj Mahal, the Pyramids and the Sphinx and the Statue of Liberty are all examples of famous tourist attractions which we travel to see in real life because we’ve seen pictures of them.

In only a century the holiday has changed beyond recognition. In 1890 a typical family holiday would be a day trip to the nearest seaside town. Armed with bucket and spade and a picnic, the family would take advantage of the half-a-crown cheap-day excursion offered by the private companies who ran the new railway network. The 1990s family, however, is far more likely to take a two-week package tour to the Mediterranean, where the whole holiday will be paid for before leaving home and one can enjoy the guaranteed sunshine.

“The Good Tourist”, Wood, K. and House, S. (Mandarin) 2002

Notes on the text

  1. medicinal properties – лечебные свойства

  2. fits of madness – припадки безумия

  3. to credit with – приписывать что-л. кому-л.

  4. to be in the spotlight – быть в центре внимания

  5. to stir interest – возбуждать интерес

  6. to cater to – развлекать, доставлять удовольствие