III Make up a plan of the text.

IV Translate the paragraphs in italics in a written form.

V Questions for discussion:

1. What are accessories worn for?

2. What items are considered to be accessories?

3. What do scarves serve for?

4. What can they be made from?

5. Why are gloves thought to have a romantic character?

6. Do they play only aesthetic role?

7. Who set the fashion for wearing gloves in Great Britain?

8. What is a pouch?

9. Why did reticule become important in 1800s?

TEXT C

I Mind the following words and word-combinations:

1. to polish off – полірувати, наводити лиск

2. flattering – улесливий

3. to stand out – виділятися, вирізнятися

4. to complement – доповнювати, підходити

5. to purchase – купувати

6. trendy – стильний, модний

II Listen to the text ‘How to Accessorize an Outfit’ and be ready to answer the questions:

1. When are you completely dressed?

2. What does the choice of accessories depend on?

III Listen to the text again. Decide if the statements are true or false.

1. Accessories make your clothes look less flattering.

2. One should pay attention to the colour, texture of clothes while choosing an accessory.

3. Accessories for work are the same you wear for parties.

4. Accessories have to be the same colour as your clothes are.

5. You can use one accessory for one outfit only.

UNIT 15

TEXT A

I Listen and remember the following words:

1. to permit – дозволяти

2. tanning – засмага

3. tight – щільний

4. to incorporate – об’єднувати

5. to duplicate – подвоювати

6. to imitate – імітувати

7. to perspirate – спітніти

8. resistant – що чинить опір

9. ahead – наперед

10. a placket – розріз у спідниці

II Read and remember the following phrases:

1. to speed up – прискорювати

2. an apparel industry – вироблення одягу

3. regular denim – звичайний денім

4. sun bleaching – вигорання на сонці

5. already existing products – вже існуючі товари

6. stretch denim – денім-стрейч

Research and Development

Research and development are terms used in all types of business. They refer to changes companies make in order to stay in business and on top of their markets. Researchis the work done to develop new products. It also involves the ways to make old products better.Developmentis the process of putting together what has been learned through research. It means inventing new machines, and finding better ways to use old machines, and finding new products and making then ready to use. Research and development are related. One does not exist without each other.

Many different jobs exist in research and development. Most people who work in this area, though, are scientists and engineers. In many ways, the people working in research and development solve problems for the garment industry.

Industrial engineers work to save companies’ and employees’ time. Industrial engineers plan the fastest ways of doing things, for example, making a pair of blue jeans. One way to speed up making a garment is to adjust the sewing machine to sew only that garment. It was figured out how many stops are necessary to make a pair of jeans. Ten different machines are used to make a pair of jeans. One machine does only pockets. Another is set up to do only plackets. It was decided that a standard pair of jeans requires 32 separate small stops to make. The total sewing time for a pair of jeans is ten to twelve minutes. Every time a new garment is called for, the industrial engineering department figures out what is the best way to go about making it.

There are many types of scientific jobs that are a part of the apparel industry. One of the more exciting ones is that of a research chemist.

Working in the field of textile research they work on developing new products and improving already existing products. The arising problems are solved once these products are in use. And, finally, new ways to test products are developed.

The department of the company decided to develop a fabric that would permit tanning. Tanning rays from the sun would go through the fiber, but burning rays would not. A person wearing a bathing suit made of this material would get a tan all over the body.

The second area of research is product development. When tight jeans became the style, research development at the blue jeans company produced stretch denim. This fabric was an improvement over regular denim. A certain amount of stretch was incorporated into fibers to make the denim more comfortable in wear, yet close-fitting. Stretch denim was seen a great new fabric. A very important part of the apparel industry is making sure that fabrics and garments behave the way they are supposed to. Research chemists spend a lot of time trying to duplicate, or imitate, real-life situations. Special tests are set up to find out how a fabric reacts to perspiration and sun bleaching. Fabrics are tested to make sure they are resistant to fire. Tests are made to see how much fabrics will stretch and whether or not they can easily return to their original shapes when stretched. Research chemists work to develop the test and then use the tests on the fabrics. Then they make recommendations to product manager. People who do research and development work several years ahead of the time when the product will be needed.