III Make up a plan of the text.

IV Translate the paragraphs in italics in a written form.

V Questions for discussion:

1. What kinds of sleeves do you know?

2. Is the method of sleeves inserting common for all types?

3. Why is raglan sleeve so popular?

4. What types of pockets can be made?

5. Why can visible pockets cause problems?

6. Why should one pay attention to the size of the pocket?

7. What is common pocket allowance for ease?

8. Why are pockets always reinforced?

9. What is the neck edge of the collar?

10. What shapes can the collars be?

TEXT C

I Mind the following words and word-combinations:

1. to possess – володіти

2. essential – основний

3. to set apart – виділяти

4. to boil down to – зводитись до

5. missing – недостатній, відсутній

6. confidence – впевненість

II Listen to the text ‘What Makes Great Clothes Great ‘and be ready to answer the questions:

1. What is one essential ingredient of your outlook?

2. When are clothes great?

III Listen to the text again. Decide if the statements are true or false.

1. None has an opportunity to look and feel great.

2. The price of the clothes doesn’t influence how you look.

3. Confidence is the key to making clothes great.

4. Only great people can have great clothes.

5. The missing ingredient is the lack of money.

UNIT 11

TEXT A

I Listen and remember the following words:

1. curved – кривий

2. dignity – гідність

3. calm – спокійний, м’який

4. whimsical – вигадливий, чудернацький

5. tubular – у формі труби

6. flattering – підходящий

7. overall – повний, загальний

8. a flap – пола (одягу), клапан (карману)

9. to enhance – збільшувати, посилювати

II Read and remember the following phrases:

1. clothing package – гардероб

2. an air of authority – дух власності, поважності

3. chemise dress – жіноча сорочка

4. bell-bottom pants – розширені донизу штани

5. flared pants – брюки кльош

6. full sleeve – широкий вільний рукав

7. non-working button – ґудзик для краси

8. top-stitching – зшитий зверху

9. to create illusion – створювати відчуття, ілюзію

The Building Blocks of Clothes

Colour is not the only important part of your clothing package. Clothing lines, shapes, and spaces are the building blocks of clothing construction.

Every garment has an overall shape, or outline. Once this shape has been drawn, it consists of spaces, or inner areas that need to be designed. Both shapes and spaces in clothes are created largely through the use of lines. Since lines are used to construct spaces and shapes, they are important elements in clothing construction. Just as colour creates illusions about size, lines are used to create illusions with space and shapes.

Lines can be straight or curved. Straight lines come in three basic forms: vertical, horizontal and diagonal lines.

Vertical lines tend to make objects look taller than they are. They also note a sense of dignity. Horizontal lines make an object look wider than it is. They also add a sense of calm. Diagonal lines are less formal and sometimes appear to be whimsical. Curved lines are also considered less conservative than straight lines. People in business who are trying to create an air of authority in their dress may wear a shirt or blouse with straight lines or stripes, but they will rarely choose a shirt or blouse with rounded lines.

When lines are combined or connected, they form shapes, or outlines. Most clothes are of three basic shapes. They are either tubular, bell, or full.

Clothes that have a tubular shape have mostly vertical lines. Such shapes look longer. Tubular shapes usually do not have a sharply defined waist. Business suits with matching pants, vests and jackets have a tubular outline. So do chemise dresses and many other one-piece dresses. Bell shapes are created by connecting horizontal and vertical lines to achieve an effect that is neither horizontal nor vertical. Bell-bottom pants, flared pants and jackets and flared skirts are examples of bell-shaped clothes.

Generally, bell shapes are flattering to many body types and make the wearer look slimmer.

Clothes with full shapes are dominated by curved lines. The shape of the outline changes depending on how full or rounded the curves are. Full sleeves and tie blouses are often full shapes. Skirts or dresses that are gathered are full.

The overall look of clothes is influenced by what goes on inside these shapes. There are also many ways to create illusions with inner space. The inner spaces of clothes create a large part of the overall effect of a garment.

Lines that create the design in the spaces can be either structural or decorative lines.

Structural lines are made by sewing together the parts of a garment. These lines are called seams. A garment can sometimes be cut in certain places to make a special seam that is purely an element of design. This seam is still considered a structural line.

Decorative lines are those that are added simply to create a design or look. They can be made by adding braids, trims, nonworking buttons or laces. Design lines include such details as the placement of buttons, top stitching, or the placement of a pocket or flap. Buttons may be used as a design line because there are so many ways to place them. The placement of buttons can also be used to create illusions.

Decorative and structural design lines can be used to enhance your body shape. Depending on the effect you want to create you can use decorative or structural lines to your best advantage.