III Answer the questions:

1. Did ancient people wear clothes for similar reasons as modern ones?

2. What do people wear clothes for?

3. How do clothes protect people from the weather?

4. Do clothes protect only just from cold?

5. Why do people wear special professional clothes?

6. Do clothes have any magical properties?

7. Why do we decorate our clothes?

8. What can clothes say about the wearer?

9. What changes happened in clothing?

IV Complete the sentences with the words from the text:

1. The reasons for wearing clothes are…..

2. Clothes are worn for…….

3. People believe that…..

4. …..help protect from…….

5. There are some kinds of…..clothes such as space suits, bullet-proof vests.

6. In some cultures people wear…….

V Find the English equivalents to the words:

Прикраса, дивний, захист, травма, спека, відкритий космос, неодягнений, соромливий, відрізати

VI Make up sentences with the terms:

Reason, protection, to prevent, to dress, special properties, to carry the idea, shocking, adornment, comfortable

VII Give definitions to the words:

Protection, decoration, jewelry, property, individuality, creative

VIII Translate the sentences into English:

1. Люди почали носити одяг для практичних цілей.

2. Одяг захищає оголене тіло від холоду та спеки.

3. Люди вважали, що деякі види одягу та прикрас можуть відганяти злих духів.

4. Існує спеціальний одяг, який може врятувати людині життя.

5. Гарний одяг допомагає виразити індивідуальність, показати творчу натуру людини.

6. Одяг набув багатьох змін: сором’язливий одяг 19 сторіччя став звичайним зараз.

7. Види та стилі одягу відрізняються залежно від культур.

8. Прикраси не тільки додають особливого вигляду, але й мають магічні властивості.

9. Сучасні люди намагаються зробити одяг більш практичним та комфортним.

10. Одяг – це одна з найважливіших та прекрасніших речей, створених людьми.

IX Speak on the topic using the following words and word-combinations:

To wear clothes, for some reasons, protection, weather, professional clothes, decoration, jewelry, to express the nature, to make changes

TEXT B

I Read and remember:

1. ability – здатність

2. to dye – фарбувати

3. to penetrate – проникати

4. tie-dyeing – метод фарбування, коли тканина зв’язана

5. batiking – батікування (метод фарбування)

6. dipped – занурений

7. to soak – промокати, всмоктувати

8. silk-screening – трафарет

9. stenciling – нанесення фарби по трафарету

10. frequently – часто

II Read the text and define the main idea of it:

Clothing As Art

Art is the product of the human ability to create something new that has a form and beauty.

Art in clothing is expressed in several ways. It is how a person wears clothes – what pieces are worn together, what colours are put together. It can also be how clothes are designed and sewn and decorated.

In all cultures, art is expressed through clothes. This is why clothes differ from culture to culture. People who are especially good at creating clothes often become clothes and fabric designers. One important and obvious way to express creativity through clothes is to colour them. One of the first ways that people coloured clothes was by dyeing and printing them. Dyeing is a method of giving a colour to fabrics, yarns, or fibres. The substances used to do this are called dyes. They penetrate, or go through, fabric or yarns to change its colour. Printing is a process of introducing one or more colours or neutrals into a solid-coloured fabric.

Two old printing methods that are still popular today are tie-dyeing and batiking.

Tie-dyeing the fabric is tightly connected with producing a desired pattern or print. Then the fabric is dipped in dye. The kind of design that is achieved with tie-dyeing depends largely on how the fabric is tied. Tying fabrics around stones or marbles creates circles. If the fabric is folded or pleated and then tied, the design appears in rows. Sometimes the fabric is stitched and the threads are tightened or drawn up to create the pattern. Wax thread is often used to tie fabric for tie-dyeing. It holds back the dye and makes a cleaner design.

Many items of traditional Japanese and Nigerian clothes are tie-dyed.

Batiking is done with hot wax and dyes. The hot wax is applied to the fabric. As with the wax thread, the dye will not soak into a waxed area. The fabric is there dipped in dyes. Several different dyes can be used in batiking. Some of the wax can be removed so the dyes can be absorbed by new areas of fabric. The wax is removed by applying heat, which melts it.

Batik printing was perfected by the Japanese, a group of people who live in Indonesia. Like tie-dye patterns, batik patterns can also be created by machines. Some machine batik patterns are as creative and interesting as hand batik patterns.

Silk screening is very much like stencilling: a colouring passes through a design on a screen and prints onto the fabric. The screen was originally made of silk, which explains now the process of silk-screening got its name.

The most modern method of printing on the fabric is photo printing. It is frequently used by textile manufactures to create large quantities of printed fabrics.

As machines have taken over more and more of mass manufacturing of fabrics, there has been a renewed interest in hand-made and hand-coloured fabrics. Today, many skilled artists are still involved in long hours of making beautiful fabrics and clothes by hand.