Supersecondary structures, 29 Suppressor of Fused, 318, 319f Suppressor of Hairless, 306t, 307, 308f SWI/SNF complex, 386, 386t, 392–393,
398t
Synapse, 213, 234–235, 514–515, 515f; see also Postsynaptic density, Presynaptic terminal
Synaptic cleft, 514–515, 515f Synaptic current, in Hodgkin–Huxley
equation, 471
Synaptic plasticity, 511, 526–527, 527f, 528–529, 528f, 536, 551
in drug addiction, 533 Synaptic signaling, 248–249, 551 SynCAMs, 514–515, 515f
T1, T2 cells, 191t, 192 TACE metalloprotease, 311 Tachykinins, 290
Tap42 protein, see Protein phosphatase 1/2A
Targets of rapamycin proteins, 120t, 131
Targets of rapamycin signaling, 131–134, 132f, 133f, 134f
Tar receptor, see Bacterial receptors TATA-binding protein, 386–387, 387f,
394, 394t
TATA box, 386–387, 387f TBP-associated factors, 394, 394t T cells, 189, 189t
CD4, CD8 co-receptors, 209–210, 210f
cytokines, see Interleukins differentiation, 192, 192f receptors, 207–212, 210f, 211t
Telomerase production, 354–355 Telomere, 354–355, 551 Temporal lobe, 512f, 513
Terminal oligopyrimidine tract, 133, 133f
Tertiary structure, 552; see also Protein structure
TFIIA structure, 391, 392f TFIIB-recognition element, 386,
387f
TGF-b pathway, 311–314, 312f in cancer, 338–339
Index 573
Therapeutic drugs, see Control layer, Drugs
Thermal energies, 47 Thermal equilibration, see
Equilibration Thermodynamics
first law, 90–91
Gibbs free energy, 93–94 second law, 91–93
Thermodynamic shift, see Energy barrier
Theta waves, 490t, 492 Thymus, 247
Thyroid gland, 247 Thyroid hormone, 393t
Thyroid-stimulating hormone, 286, 287t Thyrotropin-releasing hormone, 286,
287t
Tie receptors, 249–250, 250f Time-of-flight spectrometer, 64–65,
68–69
TNF-related apoptosis-inducing ligand receptors, 366–367, 367t, 369
Togavirus family, 445t Toll/IL-1/Dorsal signaling, 191t, 193,
198–199, 199f, 323 Tonic firing, 492–494, 493f, 552 Tourette syndrome, 291 Toxins, 428, 433–434, 433f Toxic shock syndrome, 432 TRADD adapter, 367, 368f
TRAF adapters, 197, 198f, 252, 253f in Toll signaling, 199f
in Tumor necrosis factor signaling, 196–197, 200, 200f
TRAF2 adapter, 367, 368f Transcription, 5, 5f, 22–23 Transcription factors, 117–119, 552
bacterial, 416–418, 416t
eukaryotic, 387–393, 388f, 390f, 391f, 392f
Transducin, 280t, 297 Transduction, bacterial, 431, 552 Transformation, bacterial, 431, 552
Transforming growth factor-b, 311–312, 312f, 313t
Transition rate, 108–109
Transition state, 104–105, 158–159, 159f Translation, 5, 5f