- •1.Иноязычная рд как цель обучения в сш
- •По адекватности процессу коммуникации
- •По способу воссоздания
- •По объему высказывания
- •Условно-речевые упражнения и средства их организации
- •Классификация ру Бухбиндера
- •Классификация Пассова
- •5. Обучение фонетической стороне говорения на разных ступенях в сш
- •14. Урок, как основа учебно-воспитательного процесса по ия в сш. Система и типология уроков ия.
- •Этапы формирования
- •Усвоение г-ки в рамках г-х структур
- •4. The latin borrowings of different periods.
- •10.Формирование навыков техники чтения
- •14. Phonetic and Graphical stylistic devices Phonetic stylistic devices
- •Pure Graphical Stylistic Devices
- •12. Обучение аудированию как врд
- •9. Обучение монологической стороне говорения
- •6. Обучение лексической стороне говорения
- •15. Syntactical stylistic devices
- •11. Обучение различным видам чтения.
- •8. Обучение диалогической форме говорения
- •Лингвистические особенности диалогической речи
- •Например, объясните, почему вы изучаете английский язык
- •6.The Noun
- •In the history of linguistics it is called 'The cannon ball problem' (or the stone wall problem). Category of Gender (expression of gender)
- •Category of number
- •Формирование навыков письма
- •Методика введения буквы
- •Письменные упражнения как как основа записи устной речи
- •15. Пути совершенствования процесса обучения ия на современном этапе развития метода науки. (Технология развивающего обучения. (ро))
- •11.The theory of phoneme
- •1.The morphemic structure of the word.
- •1. The word is the main unit of morphology. Linguistics has no definition of the word, suitable for this unit in typologically different languages.
- •2. The morpheme.
- •10. Categorical structure of the word
- •7.The Verb
- •Category of voice
- •The Passive Voice and the lexical meaning of the Verb.
- •The Cateory of Tense
- •Lexico-syntactical stylistic devices
- •8. The Phrase
- •Classification of predicative word-groups
- •The Theory of Phrase
- •9. The Sentence
- •The sentence and the word group (phrase)
- •Classification of Sentences
- •3.Lexico-semantic grouping in Modern English lexicone
- •2. Modern English phraseology
- •Structure of word-groups
- •Meaning of word-groups
- •Motivation in word-groups
- •Structural class-ion
- •Etimological class-ion
- •Proverbs
- •13.The theory of intonation.
- •5. French as the most important foreign influence on the English language
Structural class-ion
Phras. units may be defined as specific word-groups functioning as word-equivalents to definite classes of words. They have the part-of-speech meaning. Comparing the free word-group (e.g. “a long day”) and the phras. unit (e.g. “in the long run”) we observe that in the free word-group the noun “day” and the adjective “long” preserve a part of speech meaning proper to this word taken in isolation. The whole group is viewed as composed of two independent units (A+N). In the phr.unit “in the long run” the part-of-speech meaning belongs to the group as a single whole. ‘In the long run’ is grammatically equivalent to single adverbs (finally, firstly, etc.). so, we distinguish set-expressions that are:
nominal phrases functioning like nouns:
skeleton in the cupboard (семейная тайна), Baker’s dozen (чертова дюжина);
verbal phrases functioning like verbs:
to take the bull by the horn (действовать решительно), to put a finger into every pie (соваться во все дела).
adjectival phrases functioning kike adjectives:
cool as a cucumber (хладнокровный), poor as a church mouse (бедный, как церковная мышь).
adverbial phrases functioning like adverbs:
before you can say “Jack Robinson” (мгновенно), by hook or by crook (так или иначе).
conjunctional and prepositional phrases: As long as, as soon as, in spite of.
interjectional phrases: like hell (черта с два), my foot (держи карман шире).
Etimological class-ion
The sources of phras. units are different spheres of life:
Sea life: Tell that to the Marines – вздор, ври больше; In deep waters – в беде.
Fish and fishing: to fish in troubled wayers – ловить рыбку в мутной воде.
Sport: the ball is with you – слово за вами, to have the ball at one’s feet – быть хозяином положения.
Army: to march time – топтаться на месте, бездействовать; to musk one’s butteries – скрывать враждебное настроение.
Hunting: to turn tail – обратиться в бегство, дать стрекача.
Animals’ life: crocodile teares, it rains cats and dogs.
Theatre: to play to the gallery – искать дешевой популярности.
Medicine: to sweeten the pill – подсластить лекарство.
Technic: to get up steam – развести пары.
Agriculture: to get smb’s goat – разозлить к.-л.
Historical events or customs: peeping Tom – любопытный.
Trade: to talk shop – говорить по делу, best-seller – ходкий товар.
Proverbs
Besides phr. units the language has set phrases which are equivalents of sentences. They are proverbs, sayings, aphorisms. E.g. custom is second nature.
Proverbs are set phrases because they also are not created in the process of speech. They are part of the vocabulary which are created by folk. If we compare R. and E. proverbs and phr. fusions we’ll discover some interesting phenomena. Both languages have analogues proverbs:
Appetite comes with eating. Don’t look a gift horse into the mouth.
Sometimes the meaning are analogues but the semantic center of the phrases is different in R. and in E. E.g. Rome was not built in a day – Москва не сразу строилась.
Proverbs is a short saying usually well-known and handed down from ancient times, containing words of advice, warning or wisdom.