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Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5264_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
174
Plant-based Foods and their Implications in Brain Health
Macroalgae
Sl.
No. Marine source Scientific name
Source of
collection
Chemical compound
isolated Nature of chemical Chemical structure
5. red alga Gelidiella acerosa phytol Terpenoids
(Diterpenes)
6. isolated from
the extract of
a sea weed
Sargassum
horridum,
E. stolonifera
fucosterol Terpenoids (Sterols) AChE inhibitory
7. edible brown
seaweeds
S. horneri,
Undaria
pinnatida and
Fucoxanthin Terpenoids
(Tetraterpenes,
natural carotenoid)
8. brown alga Ecklonia maxima collected from the
West coast of
South Africa
sargaquinoic acid Terpenoids
(Meroterpenoids,
plastoquinones)
sargachromenol moderate
TABLE 8.3 (Continued)
The structure of various chemical compounds isolated from marine sources of macroalgae
175
Marine Plant Species: Nutritional and Medicinal Value
Mechanism of
action
Results of animal
studies
Outcomes
of clinical
Studies References
inhibited AChE
and BuChE
activities
with IC
50
=
95.27 and 2.07 µg/
mL, respectively
157
AChE inhibitory
activity
158, 159
at 100 and 200 mg/
kg, and donepezil
reduced the
scopolamineinduced
increase of AChE
activity in the
hippocampus of
ICR mice. In an in
vitro AChE activity
assay, 88 was shown
to directly inhibit
AChE activity with
an IC
50
= 81.2 µM
159, 160,
161
moderate
anti- AChE activity,
potent BuChE
inhibitory
activity
162, 163
moderate
anti- AChE activity
(continued)
176
Plant-based Foods and their Implications in Brain Health
Macroalgae
Sl.
No. Marine source Scientific name
Source of
collection
Chemical compound
isolated Nature of chemical
Sulfated polysaccharides polysaccharides
9. S. serratifolium collected along the
coast of Busan,
South Korea
sargahydroquinic acid Terpenoids
(Meroterpenoids)
10. edible brown
seaweed
Hizikia fusiforme oleic acid
palmitic acid
myristic acid
arachidonic acid
11,14,17- eicosatrienoic
acid
Fatty acids
11. edible brown
macroalgae
Undaria
pinnatida
purchased from the
market in Korea
A glycoprotein MW of
approximately 10 kDa,
consisting of carbohydrate
(42.53%) and protein
components (57.47%)
glycoprotein
FX Pigments
Fucoidan Polysaccharides
TABLE 8.3 (Continued)
The structure of various chemical compounds isolated from marine sources of macroalgae
177
Marine Plant Species: Nutritional and Medicinal Value
Mechanism of
action
Results of animal
studies
Outcomes
of clinical
Studies References
anti- oxidant
activities (increase in
anti- oxidant
enzymes and
glutathione
content) in
hippocampal cell line
with Zn- induce
damage
164
moderate
anti- AChE activity
162
anti- AChE activity
with IC
50
= 1
mg/ mL
163
inhibited AChE
and BuChE
activities with
IC
50
= 63.56 and
99.03 µM,
respectively
165
Reduction of oxidative
stress in rat
hippocampal neurons;
Increase in neuron
survival in
traumatic brain injury
models
166, 167
In vitro:
reduction of A
hydrogen
peroxide- mediated
cytotoxicity in PC12
cells
168
(continued)
178
Plant-based Foods and their Implications in Brain Health
Macroalgae
Sl.
No. Marine source Scientific name
Source of
collection
Chemical compound
isolated Nature of chemical Chemical structure
12. Eisenia bicyclis collected from the
coast of South
Korea
Fucofuroeckol- b Phenolics (eckol
derivative)
13. green alga Caulerpa
racemose
collected from
the Zhanjiang
coastline in the
East China Sea
racemosins A Alkaloids
(bis- indole)
racemosins B
caulerpin
TABLE 8.3 (Continued)
The structure of various chemical compounds isolated from marine sources of macroalgae
179
Marine Plant Species: Nutritional and Medicinal Value
Mechanism of
action
Results of animal
studies
Outcomes
of clinical
Studies References
inhibition with
IC
50
= 16.1
µM. Kinetic
study revealed a
noncompet- itive
inhibition pattern
169
exhibited
neuroprotection
with 14.6%
increase in cell
viability at a
concentration of
10 µM
170
weak
neuroprotective
activity with
5.5% increase in
cell viability at a
concentration of
10 µM,
moderate
neuroprotective
activity with
8.1% increase in
cell viability at a
concentration of
10 µM,
(continued)
180
Plant-based Foods and their Implications in Brain Health
Macroalgae
Sl.
No. Marine source Scientific name
Source of
collection
Chemical compound
isolated Nature of chemical Chemical structure
14.
green alga E. stolonifera dioxinodehydroeckol Phenolics
dieckol
phlorofucofuroeckol- A
15. green alga Caulerpa
racemosa
collected from
the Zhanjiang
coastline in the
East China Sea
Terpenoids
(Meroterpenoids,
derivative)
16. South African
brown
macroalga
Ecklonia
maxima
eckmaxo Phenolics
(phlorotannin)
17. microalga Scenedesmus
sp.
1,2- di- O- palmitoyl- 3- O-
(6J- deoxy- 6J- sulfo- D-
glycopyranosyl)- glycerol
sulfolipids displayed QCs
TABLE 8.3 (Continued)
The structure of various chemical compounds isolated from marine sources of macroalgae
181
Marine Plant Species: Nutritional and Medicinal Value
Mechanism of
action
Results of animal
studies
Outcomes
of clinical
Studies References
dose- dependent
inhibitory effects
aggregation with
IC
50
values
aggregation by an in
vitro ThT assay
171
displayed a
effect against
damage in SH-
SY5Y cells with
13.6% increase
in cell viability
at 10 µM
172
showed an ability
to produce
neuroprotective
effects in SH-
SY5Y cells by
peptide- induced
neuronal
apoptosis, and
an increase in
ROS
174
displayed QCs
inhibition
ranging from
76% to 81%
175
(continued)
182
Plant-based Foods and their Implications in Brain Health
Macroalgae
Sl.
No. Marine source Scientific name
Source of
collection
Chemical compound
isolated Nature of chemical Chemical structure
1- O- palmitoyl- 2- O-
linolenyl- 3- O- (6J-
deoxy- 6J- sulfo- D-
glycopyranosyl)- glycerol
1- O- linolenyl- 2- O-
palmitoyl- 3- O- (6J-
deoxy- 6J- sulfo- D-
glycopyranosyl)- glycerol
18. seaweed Fucus
vesiculosus
fucophlorethol phlorotannins showed a
tetrafucol
trifucodiphlorethol
19. Green algae Caulerpa
Cupressoides
Lectins Glycoproteins In vivo: anti-
TABLE 8.3 (Continued)
The structure of various chemical compounds isolated from marine sources of macroalgae
183
Marine Plant Species: Nutritional and Medicinal Value
Mechanism of
action
Results of animal
studies
Outcomes
of clinical
Studies References
showed a
promising
activity with
EC
50
= 0.169 and
0.278 mg/ m
176
In vivo: anti-
nociceptive and
activity in Swiss
mice
177
(continued)