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ɋɟɪɢɹ «ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ»
Ɋɢɤ Ƚɚɫɤɨ
ɉɪɨɫɬɨɣ
Python
ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫ ɧɭɥɹ
Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ
ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ
20
23
ɍȾɄ 681.3
ȻȻɄ 32.973-18
Ʉ 63
ɉɨɞ ɪɟɞɚɤɰɢɟɣ ɇ. Ʉɨɦɥɟɜɚ
Ɋɢɤ Ƚɚɫɤɨ
ɉɪɨɫɬɨɣ Python ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɫ ɧɭɥɹ. — Ɇ.: ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ, 2023
256 ɫ.:
ɢɥ. (ɋɟɪɢɹ «ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ»)
ISBN 978-5-91359-334-4
əɡɵɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Python. Ɉɧ ɦɨɞɟɧ, ɨɧ ɚɤɬɭɚɥɟɧ, ɨɧ ɜ
ɬɪɟɧɞɟ. Python ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɜɟ
ɡɞɟ. Python ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜɫɟ – ɨɬ
ɫɭɩɟɪɤɨɪɩɨɪɚɰɢɣ ɞɨ ɫɞɚɱɢ ȿȽɗ. Python ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɟɧ. Ⱦɥɹ Python
ɫɨɡɞɚɧɨ ɤɨɥɨɫɫɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɪɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɤɜɚɥɶɧɨ
ɥɸɛɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ. Python ɩɪɨɫɬ, ɨɱɟɜɢɞɟɧ ɢ ɩɪɨɡɪɚɱɟɧ.
ɗɬɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ – ɥɭɱɲɢɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ ɞɥɹ ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ – ɩɪɨɫɬɨ, ɞɨɫɬɭɩɧɨ,
ɠɢɜɨ.
ɗɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ Python – ɷɬɨ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɨ ɞɨɥɝɨɝɨ ɩɭɬɢ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
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Ɉɛɥɨɠɤɚ:
ɩɪ-ɬ Ⱥɧɞɪɨɩɨɜɚ, ɞɨɦ 38, ɩɨɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ʋ 8, ɤɨɦɧɚɬɚ ʋ 2.
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ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ
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115487, ɝ. Ɇɨɫɤɜɚ,
ȼ. Ɇɢɬɢɧ
ɇ. Ʉɨɦɥɟɜɚ
ISBN 978-5-91359-334-4 © «ɋɈɅɈɇ-ɉɪɟɫɫ», 2023
© Ɋɢɤ Ƚɚɫɤɨ, 2023
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2
ɉɨɫɜɹɳɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɟɦ,
ɤɬɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɥɸɛɢɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ,
ɢ ɧɟɜɚɠɧɨ, ɧɚ ɤɚɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ.
ɂ ɥɸɛɢɬ ɡɦɟɣ ɢ ɥɹɝɭɲɟɤ, ɫɚɦɨ ɫɨɛɨɣ
ɋɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ
ȼɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ................................................................................................... 7
Ɉ ɱɺɦ ɷɬɚ ɤɧɢɝɚ? Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ............................... 7
Ʉɨɟ-ɱɬɨ ɨ ɉɢɬɨɧɟ ....................................................................................... 8
Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɨɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ ............................................ 10
ɑɬɨ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɢ, ɩɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ? ......................................................... 11
ɇɭɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɭɦɟɬɶ? .................................................................. 13
Ɉɫɨɡɧɚɧɧɵɣ ɜɵɛɨɪ, ɢɥɢ ɂɧɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɢɟ ......................... 14
ɇɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ................................................................................... 18
Ɉ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ – ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɟɝɨ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɧɟɬ .............................................. 19
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ .............................................................................. 21
Ƚɞɟ ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ................................................................. 21
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ................................................... 21
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ. ɇɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ ................ 24
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ...................................................... 26
Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ, ɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ........................................................... 29
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɜɬɨɪɚɹ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ..................................................................... 31
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ. ɂ ɰɟɥɵɟ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ........................................... 31
ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɪɨɛɧɵɟ. ɂɥɢ, ɩɨ-ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɫɤɢ, ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɟ ............ 35
ɋɬɪɨɤɢ....................................................................................................... 39
ȼɜɨɞ .......................................................................................................... 40
ɂɝɪɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɹ .............................................................................................. 43
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɬɪɟɬɶɹ. ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ ........................................................ 47
ɑɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ............................................................................................ 47
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ. ɋɥɨɠɧɟɟ ................................................................ 49
ɍɫɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ. ȿɳɺ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ......................................................... 53
ɇɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ. Ⱦɜɚ .............................................................. 56
Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɨɟ ɡɚɞɚɧɢɟ ........................................................................... 57
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɚɹ. ɐɢɤɥɵ ......................................................................... 66
ȼɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɨ ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ. ȼɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɰɢɤɥ for ...................................... 66
ɐɢɤɥ for – ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɢ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɨɫɬɢ ....................................................... 71
Ɋɚɡɝɨɜɨɪ ɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨ – ɨ ɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ............................... 76
ɐɢɤɥɵ. Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ............................................................................... 81
Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ-ɬɚɤɢ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ .............................................................. 85
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɰɢɤɥɵ ........................................................................................... 86
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɩɹɬɚɹ. ɋɩɢɫɤɢ ................................................................................ 91
ɋɩɢɫɤɢ – ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ............................................................................ 91
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ɋɩɢɫɤɢ – ɤɨɪɨɱɟ, ɞɥɢɧɧɟɟ ....................................................................... 93
ɋɩɢɫɤɢ ɩɥɸɫ ɰɢɤɥɵ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ. ɂ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ......................................... 96
ɋɩɢɫɤɢ ɩɥɸɫ ɰɢɤɥɵ. ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ ..................................... 101
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɑɭɬɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ ................................................. 104
ȼɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ. ɂɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ .. 110
ɋɪɟɡɵ. ȼɫɹɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɷɤɡɨɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ......................................... 116
Ʉɨɪɬɟɠɢ – ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɢ ɡɚɱɟɦ. Ɉɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɨ ..................................... 118
ȿɳɺ ɪɚɡ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ............................................................. 119
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɲɟɫɬɚɹ, ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ. ɋɬɪɨɤɢ ......................................................... 122
ɉɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɱɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɩɨɯɨɠɢ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ............... 122
ɑɟɦ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɧɟ ɩɨɯɨɠɢ ɧɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ......................................................... 124
Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɫɬɪɨɤ ......................................................................................... 125
ɋɬɪɨɤɢ ɷɤɪɚɧɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɮɨɪɦɚɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɟ-ɱɬɨ ɟɳɺ ........ 127
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɫɟɞɶɦɚɹ. Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ....................................................................... 130
ɇɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɧɢɟ – ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ ...................................................... 130
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ. ɋɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɟɟ .............................................. 131
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶ .............................................. 132
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ʉɨɝɞɚ ɭ ɧɢɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ................................................ 133
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ. Ɉ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚɯ ɩɨɞɪɨɛɧɟɟ ..................................................... 135
ɇɚɫɬɨɹɳɢɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ .............................................................................. 139
ȿɳɺ ɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ ..................................................................................... 143
ɂ ɟɳɺ ɨ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɯ. ȼɫɹɤɨɟ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ............................. 146
ɋɤɭɱɧɨɟ – ɝɥɨɛɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɟ ............................... 150
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɫ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹɦɢ .......................................................................... 157
Ɏɭɧɤɰɢɹ, ɭ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ............................................... 162
ɂ ɨɩɹɬɶ. Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ........................................................... 163
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɜɨɫɶɦɚɹ, ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ. Ɇɨɞɭɥɢ. Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨ ..................................... 167
ɉɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ................................................................................. 167
Ɋɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ...................................................................................... 168
ɑɬɨ ɟɳɺ ɜɚɠɧɨ ɡɧɚɬɶ ............................................................................. 170
ɇɚɲɟ ɥɸɛɢɦɨɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɧɨɟ ɭɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɟ ................................................. 173
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɞɟɜɹɬɚɹ. Ɏɚɣɥɵ ........................................................................... 179
ɑɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɮɚɣɥ, ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ........................................................................ 179
ɒɚɝ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ. Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ .............................................. 180
ɒɚɝ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ. Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ. Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ............................................... 181
ɒɚɝ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ. Ɍɟɤɫɬɨɜɵɟ ɮɚɣɥɵ. ɑɬɟɧɢɟ ............................................... 183
ɒɚɝ ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɵɣ. Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɮɚɣɥ. Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɉɢɬɨɧɚ .......... 188
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɚɹ. Ɏɚɣɥɵ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ ........................................................ 191
Ɂɚɩɢɫɶ ɢ ɱɬɟɧɢɟ ɛɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɮɚɣɥɚ ........................................................ 191
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Ʉɚɤ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ ......................................................... 196
ɍɱɟɛɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ....................................................................................... 199
Ɉɛɨɛɳɚɟɦ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɬɢɡɢɪɭɟɦ ............................................................. 201
Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɨɞɢɧɧɚɞɰɚɬɚɹ. Ƚɪɚɮɢɤɚ ............................................................. 204
ɉɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɩɪɚɠɧɟɧɢɹ. ɉɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɵ ɩɨ ɢɦɟɧɚɦ ................... 204
ɇɚɱɢɧɚɟɦ ɪɢɫɨɜɚɬɶ ................................................................................ 205
Ʌɢɧɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɦ ................................................................................. 207
Ʉɪɭɝɢ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɟ ɷɥɥɢɩɫɵ ....................................................................... 215
Ɍɟɤɫɬ ....................................................................................................... 221
ɉɪɹɦɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɭɝɨɥɶɧɢɤɢ. ȼ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɭɝɥɨɜ ......... 224
Ʉɚɪɬɢɧɤɢ ................................................................................................ 227
ȿɫɥɢ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɫɬɪɚɧɧɨɝɨ. Ȼɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɚ PIL ............................................ 232
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ A. Ʉɨɧɫɨɥɶ ........................................................................ 233
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ B. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɟ ɱɢɫɥɚ ............................................................... 235
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ C. Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɥɢ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ EXE-ɮɚɣɥ? ................................ 242
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ D. Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɉɢɬɨɧɚ .................................................... 243
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ E. ȼɫɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɫɱɢɫɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɬɪɺɯ ɫɬɪɚɧɢɰɚɯ ........... 245
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ F. ȼɫɺ ɨ ɛɢɬɚɯ ɢ ɛɚɣɬɚɯ ................................................... 248
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ G. Ɉɛɦɟɧ ɞɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚɦɢ
ɱɟɪɟɡ ɮɚɣɥɵ ............................................................................................. 252
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Ɉɛɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ
ɉɢɬɨɧ, ɨɧ ɠɟ Python – ɹɡɵɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɥɭɱɢɜɲɢɣ ɜ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɨɝɪɨɦɧɭɸ ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ.
ə ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɩɨ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɢɬɨɧ. Ʉɧɢɝɚ ɷɬɚ
ɛɵɥɚ ɪɚɫɫɱɢɬɚɧɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɬ, ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɟɬ
ɧɟɩɥɨɯɨ. Ɍɚɤ ɨɧɚ ɢ ɡɚɞɭɦɵɜɚɥɚɫɶ, ɧɨ ɦɧɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɧɪɚɜɢɥɨɫɶ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɥɢɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɟ. ȼɟɥɢɤɢɣ ɩɢɫɚɬɟɥɶ ɡɟɦɥɢ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ Ʌɟɜ
Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɣ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɥ ɫɨɱɢɧɢɬɶ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɨ ɜɨɣɧɟ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ. Ɂɚɞɭɦɚɥ – ɢ
ɧɚɱɚɥ ɫɨɱɢɧɹɬɶ. ȿɫɬɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ, ɟɫɥɢ ɪɨɦɚɧ ɨ ɜɨɣɧɟ ɞɜɟɧɚɞɰɚɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ, ɬɨ ɫ
ɷɬɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ ɨɧ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥ – ɷɬɨ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɥɸɛɢɦɵɣ ɩɨɪɭɱɢɤ Ɋɠɟɜɫɤɢɣ
ɫɤɚɱɟɬ ɩɨ ɫɬɟɩɹɦ ɫ ɇɚɞɟɧɶɤɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɋɚɲɟɧɶɤɨɣ ɢɡ ɤɢɧɨɮɢɥɶɦɚ Ƚɭɫɚɪɫɤɚɹ
ɛɚɥɥɚɞɚ, ɚ ɜ ɷɬɨ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɪɨ ɧɟɝɨ ɫɨɱɢɧɹɸɬ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬɵ. ɉɨɬɨɦ Ɍɨɥɫɬɨɣ
ɡɚɞɭɦɚɥɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɧɚɱɚɬɶ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɟɜɧɢɯ
ɜɪɟɦɺɧ – ɫɪɚɠɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɢ Ⱥɭɫɬɟɪɥɢɰɟ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɇɚɩɨɥɟɨɧ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡɝɪɨɦɢɥ
ɪɭɫɫɤɭɸ ɚɪɦɢɸ. Ɍɚɤ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɱɟɫɬɧɟɟ, ɪɟɲɢɥ ɫɨɥɧɰɟ ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɨɡɵ ɢ ɡɟɪɤɚɥɨ
ɪɭɫɫɤɨɣ ɪɟɜɨɥɸɰɢɢ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɧɚɞɨ ɫ ɩɨɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɭɠɟ
ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɦɵ ɢɦ ɜɞɭɥɢ. ə ɫɟɛɹ ɫ Ɍɨɥɫɬɵɦ ɧɟ ɪɚɜɧɹɸ, ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨ, ɤɭɞɚ
ɦɧɟ ɞɨ ɧɟɝɨ. ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɢ ɨɧ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɥ, ɬɚɤ ɱɬɨ 1:1. Ⱦɚɥɟɟ
ɫɬɚɪɵɣ, ɧɨ ɫɦɟɲɧɨɣ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ:
ɉɨɩɚɥ ɦɭɠɢɤ ɩɨɞ ɩɚɪɨɜɨɡ. ȼɵɥɟɱɢɥɢ ɟɝɨ. Ʌɟɝ ɨɧ ɞɨɦɚ ɫɩɚɬɶ, ɚ ɠɟɧɚ ɧɚ
ɤɭɯɧɟ ɱɚɣɧɢɤ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɢɥɚ. ɑɚɣɧɢɤ ɜɫɤɢɩɟɥ — ɢ ɞɚɜɚɣ ɫɜɢɫɬɟɬɶ. Ɇɭɠɢɤ
ɜɫɤɚɤɢɜɚɟɬ ɢ ɬɨɩɬɚɬɶ ɱɚɣɧɢɤ, ɬɨɩɬɚɬɶ!
ɀɟɧɚ ɨɮɢɝɟɥɚ:
— Ɍɵ ɱɟɝɨ, Ɏɟɞɹ?
— ɍɛɢɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɧɚɞɨ, ɩɨɤɚ ɦɚɥɟɧɶɤɢɟ!!! © ɇɚɪɨɞɧɨɟ
ə ɪɟɲɢɥ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɩɨ ɹɡɵɤɭ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɩɨɤɚ ɹ ɧɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ
ɹɡɵɤɭ. ȼɨɬ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɷɬɭ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɢɡɞɚɬɟɥɢ ɢɡɞɚɞɭɬ, ɱɢɬɚɬɟɥɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɢ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɵ ɧɚɭɱɚɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɢ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɞɥɹ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɞɥɹ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɯ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɨɜ.
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ȿɳɺ ɹ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥ ɯɨɪɨɲɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɩɨ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɶ. ɗɬɨ
ɛɵɥ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɧɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ, ɞɥɹ
ɬɟɯ, ɤɬɨ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɟɬ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ, ɧɢ ɨ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɟ, ɧɢ ɨ ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɢ.
Ɋɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɥɚ ɦɵɫɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɢɬɶ Ⱦɨɪɨɝɨɦɭ ɂɡɞɚɬɟɥɸ ɷɬɭ
ɠɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɧɢɝɭ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɦɟɧɢɜ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ ɧɚ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɟ ɧɚ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ ɧɚ ɉɢɬɨɧɟ. ɇɨ ɧɟɬ, ɨɤɚɡɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɯɚɥɬɭɪɭ ɧɟ
ɫɩɨɫɨɛɟɧ, ɢ ɤɧɢɝɚ ɫɚɦɚ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɫɬɚɥɚ ɩɢɫɚ
ғɬɶɫɹ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ, ɡɚɧɨɜɨ, ɢ
ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ.
ə ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɬɶ, ɱɟɦ ɯɨɪɨɲ ɉɢɬɨɧ, ɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɞɨ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɧɺɦ, ɩɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ
ɜɵɛɪɚɥɢ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɭ ɤɧɢɝɭ ɢ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɥɢ ɡɚ ɧɟɺ ɞɟɧɶɝɢ – ɜɵ ɜɟɞɶ ɡɚɩɥɚɬɢɥɢ,
ɩɪɚɜɞɚ, ɧɟ ɪɚɫɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɣɬɟ ɦɟɧɹ – ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɜɵ ɭɠɟ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɵ, ɱɬɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɉɢɬɨɧɟ.
ɂ ɟɳɺ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɷɬɨ ɩɪɨɡɜɭɱɢɬ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɧɨ ɭ
ɫɨɡɞɚɬɟɥɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɛɵɥɢ ɫɜɨɢ ɩɥɚɧɵ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɬɨɝɨ, ɝɞɟ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɉɢɬɨɧ ɛɭɞɟɬ
ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ. Ɇɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɵ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɡɚ ɟɝɨ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɢ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɨɠɢɞɚɧɢɹɦ. Ɇɵ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɉɢɬɨɧ ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ
ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɦ. Ʉɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨ ɦɧɟ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɉɢɬɨɧ ɤɚɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ
ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɩɹɬɶ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ? ɇɢɱɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɚɲɧɨɝɨ.
ɉɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɨ ɜɫɺ ɩɪɨɹɫɧɢɬɫɹ.
Ʉɨɟ-ɱɬɨ ɨ ɉɢɬɨɧɟ
Ȼɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ. Ʉɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɩɢɬɨɧ, ɡɧɚɟɬɟ? ȼ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ,
ɨɞɧɨɢɦɺɧɧɭɸ ɡɦɟɸ ɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ? Ɂɚɛɭɞɶɬɟ. ɂɦɹ ɹɡɵɤɭ ɉɢɬɨɧ ɞɚɧɨ ɧɟ ɩɨ
ɧɚɡɜɚɧɢɸ ɡɦɟɹ-ɚɫɩɢɞɚ, ɚ ɜ ɱɟɫɬɶ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɤ-ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Monty Python
ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫɟɦɢɞɟɫɹɬɵɯ. ɘɦɨɪ ɱɢɫɬɨ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɣ, ɞɥɹ ɧɚɫ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ, ɚ
ɫɟɣɱɚɫ, ɧɚɜɟɪɧɨɟ, ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɢɯ ɚɧɝɥɢɱɚɧ. ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɧɚ ɢɤɨɧɤɚɯ
ɜɫɺ ɪɚɜɧɨ ɪɢɫɭɸɬ ɤɚɤɭɸ-ɬɨ ɝɚɞɸɤɭ. ɉɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɢɦɹ ɝɪɭɩɩɵ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨ
ɩɪɨɢɡɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ Ɇɨɧɬɢ ɉɚɣɬɨɧ – ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɩɨ-ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢ. Ⱥ ɜɨɬ
ɡɦɟɸ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɡɨɜɭɬ ɉɢɬɨɧ. Ɍɚɤ ɱɬɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟ ɫɚɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɞɨɪɨɠɟ – ɩɪɚɜɞɚ
ɢɥɢ ɢɫɬɢɧɚ.
Ɉɞɧɚɠɞɵ ɹ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɨɫɜɨɢɬɶ ɤɚɤɨɣ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɹɡɵɤ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɇɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ – ɜ ɯɨɪɨɲɟɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɚ ɧɟ ɬɨɬ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɥɢɰɚ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɚɰɢɢ. ə
ɩɟɪɟɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɥ ɩɹɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɲɟɫɬɶ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ. ə ɧɟ ɛɭɞɭ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɯ ɢɦɟɧɚ, ɷɬɨ
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ɨɱɟɧɶ ɭɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɟ ɢɦɟɧɚ. ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɲɺɥ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɨ. ə ɫɤɚɱɢɜɚɥ
ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɭɸ ɱɚɫɬɶ – ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪ, ɨɛɨɥɨɱɤɭ,
ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ ɫɪɟɞɭ, ɛɢɛɥɢɨɬɟɤɢ ɢ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɦ ɟɳɺ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ. ȼ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɬɟ
ɲɥɢ ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɤɰɢɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɸ ɢ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɢ
ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɧɚɹ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢɥɢ ɤɚɤ ɨɧɨ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ. ɉɨɬɨɦ, ɫɚɦɨ ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɹ
ɢɫɤɚɥ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ, ɞɥɹ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɳɢɯ ɢ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɯ.
Ɂɚɤɨɧɱɢɥɚɫɶ ɩɨɫɚɞɤɚ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɥɺɬ. ȼ ɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɟ ɝɨɥɨɫ: "Ɂɞɪɚɜɫɬɜɭɣɬɟ,
ɞɨɪɨɝɢɟ ɩɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɵ, ɜɚɫ ɩɪɢɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɤɨɦɚɧɞɢɪ ɤɨɪɚɛɥɹ! ɇɚ ɛɨɪɬɭ ɜɨ
ɜɪɟɦɹ ɩɨɥɟɬɚ ɜɵ ɦɨɠɟɬɟ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɛɚɪɚ, ɪɟɫɬɨɪɚɧ, ɛɚɫɫɟɣɧ, ɛɢɥɶɹɪɞ
ɢ ɫɚɭɧɭ. Ⱥ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɢɝɧɟɣ ɦɵ ɩɨɩɵɬɚɟɦɫɹ ɜɡɥɟɬɟɬɶ" © ɒɭɬɤɚ
Ⱥ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɹ ɩɵɬɚɥɫɹ ɫɨ ɜɫɟɣ ɷɬɨɣ ɮɢɝɧɺɣ ɜɡɥɟɬɟɬɶ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɯɨɬɶ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ
ɡɚɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ, ɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ, ɹ ɜɚɫ ɭɦɨɥɹɸ, ɨɧɨ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɨ. ɇɟɬ, ɨɧɨ ɧɟ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɨ. Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɨɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ. Ɍɨ, ɱɬɨ ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ ɧɟ
ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɢ ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪɭ, ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɢ ɭɞɢɜɥɹɥɨ. ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ
ɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɧɢɱɟɦɭ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ. ȼɢɞɢɦɨ, ɤɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪ ɭɠɟ ɩɨɦɟɧɹɥɢ – ɚ
ɫɩɪɚɜɤɭ-ɬɨ ɡɚɱɟɦ? ɂ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦɢ, ɢɡɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɦɢ –
ɷɬɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɨɣ.
# ɢɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ
Ʌɟɬɨɦ 1942 ɝɨɞɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɟ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ ɋɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɋɨɸɡ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɥ ɢɦ ɞɥɹ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɢɹ ɬɚɧɤ Ɍ-34. ȿɝɨ ɢɫɩɵɬɵɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ Ⱥɛɟɪɞɢɧɫɤɨɦ ɩɨɥɢɝɨɧɟ. Ɍɚɧɤ ɷɬɨɬ
ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɛɵɥ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨ, ɥɭɱɲɢɦ ɬɚɧɤɨɦ ɜ ɦɢɪɟ. Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɛɵɥɢ
ɧɸɚɧɫɵ. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɥɢ ɬɚɧɤ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɞɜɭɯ ɡɚɜɨɞɚɯ, ɨɞɢɧ ɢɡ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ
– ɏɚɪɶɤɨɜɫɤɢɣ, ɤ ɬɨɦɭ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɭ ɞɚɜɧɨ ɭɠɟ ɛɵɥ ɡɚɯɜɚɱɟɧ ɧɟɦɰɚɦɢ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ
ɡɚɜɨɞ, ɋɬɚɥɢɧɝɪɚɞɫɤɢɣ, ɟɳɺ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥ, ɧɨ ɩɨɞ ɧɟɦɟɰɤɢɦɢ ɛɨɦɛɚɦɢ.
ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɬɚɧɤɨɜ ɫɬɪɟɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɳɚɥɨɫɶ ɜ ɋɢɛɢɪɶ. Ʉɚɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɛɵɥɨ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɦ ɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɤɚɡɭɟɦɵɦ.
ɏɨɬɹ ɭ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɟɜ ɧɚ ɬɨɬ ɦɨɦɟɧɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɬɚɧɤɨɜ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ,
ɫɨɜɟɬɫɤɢɣ ɬɚɧɤ ɛɵɥ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɠɟɧ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ ɤɪɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦɭ ɪɚɡɛɨɪɭ. ɑɬɨ-ɬɨ
ɩɨɯɜɚɥɢɥɢ, ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɩɨɪɭɝɚɥɢ. ɇɨ ɜɨɬ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ ɮɢɥɶɬɪ, ɡɚɹɜɢɥɢ
ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɰɵ, ɧɚɜɟɪɧɹɤɚ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɥ ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶ!
# ɤɨɧɟɰ ɂɫɬɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ
Ɍɚɤ ɜɨɬ, ɜɫɟ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɢ ɜɫɟɯ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɟɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɨɜ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ, ɜɫɟ – ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɝɨ – ɜɫɟ ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɢ. ȼɫɟ
ɷɬɢ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɫɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ, ɤɚɤ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɣ
ɮɢɥɶɬɪ ɧɚ Ɍ-34. ɏɨɬɹ, ɦɟɧɹ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɨ ɩɨɫɟɬɢɥɚ ɜɧɟɡɚɩɧɚɹ ɦɵɫɥɶ, ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɧɢ
9
ɢ ɧɟ ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɢ? Ʉɫɬɚɬɢ, ɩɨɢɳɢɬɟ ɜ əɧɞɟɤɫɟ ɩɨ ɫɥɨɜɚɦ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ ɦɨɠɟɬ
ɨɧɚ ɬɟɥɟɝɪɚɦɦɭ ɧɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɥɚ? Ɇɨɠɟɬ, ɨɧɢ ɧɟ ɜɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɢ, ɚ ɢɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɞɟɧɟɝ
ɧɟ ɩɥɚɬɢɥɢ? Ɇɨɠɟɬ, ɨɧɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɨ? ɗɬɨ ɹ ɧɟ ɩɪɨ Ɍ-34, ɷɬɨ
ɩɪɨ ɛɟɫɩɥɚɬɧɵɟ ɹɡɵɤɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɛɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ.
Ⱥ ɟɳɺ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɨɬɨɦ ɹ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɬɶ ɉɢɬɨɧ. ɂ ɜɫɺ ɡɚɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɨ. ɂ ɫɪɚɡɭ.
ȼɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ. Ʉɨɦɩɢɥɹɬɨɪ
ɤɨɦɩɢɥɢɪɨɜɚɥ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɬɪɚɧɫɥɢɪɨɜɚɥɢɫɶ ɢ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ. ɂɧɨɝɞɚ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɢɧɨɝɞɚ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɭɠɟ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɚ. ɑɬɨ
ɭɞɢɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ, ɭɱɟɛɧɢɤɢ, ɫɬɚɪɟɵ ɢ ɧɟɫɬɚɪɵɟ, ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵɟ
ɬɟɤɫɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦ – ɷɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɥɢ ɬɨɠɟ. On-line ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ, ɬɨɠɟ
ɛɵɥɚ ɢ ɬɨɠɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɥɚ.
ə ɭɞɢɜɢɥɫɹ ɢ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɧɚ ɉɢɬɨɧɟ. ɂ ɱɬɨ ɹ ɨ ɧɺɦ ɭɡɧɚɥ, ɡɞɟɫɶ ɹ
ɜɚɦ ɢ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɭ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɨɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ
ɉɢɬɨɧ – ɹɡɵɤ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɢɬɨɧ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧɧɨ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɟɬ
ɩɨɩɭɥɹɪɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɭɸɬ ɜ ȿȽɗ, ȼɵɞɭɦɚɥ ɉɢɬɨɧ
Ƚɜɢɞɨ ȼɚɧ Ɋɨɫɫɭɦ, ɨɧ ɝɨɥɥɚɧɞɟɰ, ɷɬɨ ɦɧɨɝɨɟ ɨɛɴɹɫɧɹɟɬ, ɜ Ƚɨɥɥɚɧɞɢɢ
ɥɟɝɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɵ ɥɺɝɤɢɟ ɧɚɪɤɨɬɢɤɢ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɞɚɜɧɨ, ɜ 1994 ɝɨɞɭ. ɉɢɬɨɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɩɨɞ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɦɧɨɝɢɦɢ ɨɩɟɪɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɦɢ
ɫɢɫɬɟɦɚɦɢ, ɢɥɢ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɢɧɚɱɟ, ɩɥɚɬɮɨɪɦɚɦɢ. ɇɚɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜɚɬɶ, ɫɚɦɨ
ɫɨɛɨɣ, ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ Windows.
ɉɢɬɨɧ ɛɟɡɨɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɱɧɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɜɚɟɬɫɹ – ɜɵɯɨɞɹɬ ɜɫɺ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ.
Ɇɵ ɡɚ ɧɨɜɢɡɧɨɣ ɧɟ ɝɨɧɢɦɫɹ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɜɟɪɫɢɸ 2.7.14.
ɗɬɨ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɫɬɚɛɢɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɨɞɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɢɡ ɜɬɨɪɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɢ ɨɧɚ ɜɫɟɦ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ
ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɟɬɫɹ. ȼɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɵ ɛɭɞɟɬɟ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɷɬɭ ɤɧɢɝɭ, ɟɺ ɦɟɫɬɨ
ɡɚɣɦɺɬ ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɧɢɛɭɞɶ ɢɡ ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ.
ȿɳɺ ɭ ɉɢɬɨɧɚ ɟɫɬɶ, ɜɵ ɧɟ ɩɨɜɟɪɢɬɟ, ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ. ɍ Ⱦɟɥɶɮɢ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɢ ɧɟɬ.
ɍ ɮɨɪɬɪɚɧɚ ɬɨɠɟ ɧɟɬ, ɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɥ. Ⱥ ɭ ɉɢɬɨɧɚ ɟɫɬɶ, ɢ ɨɧɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɧɺɦ
ɩɪɨɲɢɬɚ – ɜ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ ɜɵ ɧɚɛɢɪɚɟɬɟ ɜ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ (ɨ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɨɡɠɟ)
ɮɪɚɡɭ
import this ɢ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɬɟ ɜ ɨɬɜɟɬ ɜɫɸ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɸ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɦ ɷɬɨ
ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ, ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɸ ɹ ɩɨɦɟɫɬɢɥ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ.
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