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Файл:Простой Python просто с нуля
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ɋɩɢɫɤɢ ɩɥɸɫ ɰɢɤɥɵ.
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ
ɗɬɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɫɤɭɱɧɵɦ. ɂɥɢ ɧɟɬ? ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɷɬɨɬ ɪɚɡɞɟɥ ɧɟ ɞɚɫɬ
ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɥɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɬɜɚ. ȼɚɦ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɞɺɬɫɹ ɞɭɦɚɬɶ,
ɪɚɡɦɵɲɥɹɬɶ, ɮɚɧɬɚɡɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ. ȼɚɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɬɶ. ȿɫɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ
ɡɚɞɚɱɢ – ɭ ɧɢɯ ɟɫɬɶ ɬɢɩɨɜɵɟ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ. ɇɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɭɦɵɜɚɬɶ – ɩɪɨɫɬɨ
ɫɞɟɥɚɣɬɟ ɬɚɤ, ɤɚɤ ɜɫɟ ɢ ɜɫɺ ɭɠɟ ɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɞɨ ɜɚɫ! ȿɫɥɢ ɜɚɦ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ ɹ
ɢɡɥɢɲɧɟ ɷɦɨɰɢɨɧɚɥɟɧ, ɢɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ. ə ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬɨɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɤɚɬɟɝɨɪɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɧɟ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɤɚɤ ɧɚɞɨ. Ɉɧɢ
ɢɡɨɛɪɟɬɚɥɢ ɫɜɨɣ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɜɟɥɨɫɢɩɟɞ, ɩɨɞɜɨɞɧɵɣ, ɫ ɡɨɧɬɢɤɨɦ ɢ ɧɚ
ɜɺɫɥɚɯ. Ɍɚɤ ɜɨɬ, ɬɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɹ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ, ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ
ɬɚɤ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɤ, ɢ, ɹ ɬɚɤɢ ɜɚɫ ɭɦɨɥɹɸ, ɧɟ ɧɚɞɨ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɜɵɞɭɦɵɜɚɬɶ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɤɪɚɬɤɨɫɬɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɭɠɟ ɱɟɦ-ɬɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧ, ɬɨ ɨɧ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɢ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɷɬɢɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɪɨɜɧɨ
ɫɤɨɩɢɪɭɟɬɟ ɤɨɞ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɨɬɤɭɞɚ-ɬɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ, ɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɚɫ
num. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ
num = 5.
1.
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɠɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟɦ, ɱɚɳɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ
– ɧɨɥɶ :
a = []
for i in xrange(0,num):
a.append(0)
print a
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɟɫɬɶ? ȼɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɧɟɬ. Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɧɨɥɶ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɞɪɭɝɢɦ ɱɢɫɥɨɦ ɜɵ,
ɧɟɫɨɦɧɟɧɧɨ, ɫɦɨɠɟɬɟ.
2.
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ:
ɉɨɱɟɦɭ ɷɬɚ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɧɨɜɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ, ɜɟɞɶ ɦɵ ɟɺ ɭɠɟ ɪɟɲɚɥɢ? ȼɨ-ɩɟɪɜɵɯ, ɬɚɤ
ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɨ, ɢɫɯɨɞɹ ɢɡ ɩɟɞɚɝɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɨɨɛɪɚɠɟɧɢɣ, – ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɬɶɫɹ ɤ
ɪɟɲɟɧɢɸ ɭɠɟ ɪɟɲɺɧɧɨɣ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ. ȼɨ-ɜɬɨɪɵɯ, ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɚ
ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ – ɪɚɧɶɲɟ ɨɬ ɧɚɫ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɥɨɫɶ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɛɵɥɢ
ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ. ȼ-ɬɪɟɬɶɢɯ, ɦɵ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɪɟɲɢɦ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɜɨɨɛɳɟ-ɬɨ ɞɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɬɪɭɞɧɨ. Ⱥ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ – ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɜ
ɫɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɨɦ ɦɨɞɭɥɟ ɉɢɬɨɧɚ
random ɜɫɺ ɭɠɟ ɪɟɲɢɥɢ ɞɨ ɧɚɫ. ɍ ɧɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɩɭɫɬɶ ɢɡ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɇɚɦ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ,
ɩɭɫɬɶ ɬɪɢ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɯ ɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɟ ɬɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ
101
ɧɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɦɚɹ, ɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ. ɉɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɜ
ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɧɨɦɟɪɨɦ ɢɡ
ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ – ɨɧɢ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ, ɦɨɝɭɬ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɹɬɶɫɹ. Ⱥ ɜ
ɉɢɬɨɧɟ ɜɫɺ ɭɠɟ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɞɨ ɧɚɫ:
import random
a = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10]
b = random.sample( a, 3)
print b
[6, 10, 1]
3.
ɉɨɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ, ɱɬɨ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɡɧɚɱɚɥɶɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɟɬ:
a=[]
for i in xrange(0,num):
a.append(i)
print a
ɇɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ, ɜɫɺ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨ.
4. ɍɜɟɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɧɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ:
for i in xrange(0,num):
a[i] = a[i] + 1
print a
5. ȼɵɱɢɫɥɢɬɶ ɫɭɦɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ:
sum = 0
for i in xrange(0,num):
sum=sum + a[i]
print sum
ɇɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɨɜɨɝɨ, ɩɪɨɣɞɟɧɧɵɣ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥ.
6.
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɫɪɟɞɧɟɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ – ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɣ
sum=0
for i in xrange(0,num):
sum=sum+a[i]
print sum
av=float(sum) / num
print av
102
7. ɇɚɣɬɢ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɡɚɨɞɧɨ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ:
min=a[0]
index=0
for i in xrange(1,10):
if a[i] < min:
min=a[i]
index=i
print min, index
8. ɋɨɫɱɢɬɚɬɶ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ
ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ:
# ɷɬɨ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ, ɟɫɥɢ ɭɠɟ ɡɚɛɵɥɢ
# ɬɭɬ ɛɵɥɨ ɡɚɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹɦɢ
# ɢ ɢɧɢɰɢɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ num = 5
numNeg=0
numNotNeg=0
for i in xrange(0,num):
if a[i] < 0:
numNeg=numNeg + 1
else:
numNotNeg=numNotNeg + 1
print numNeg
print numNotNeg
9.
ɋɞɜɢɧɭɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɧɚɱɢɧɚɹ ɫ ɱɟɬɜɟɪɬɨɝɨ, ɧɚɥɟɜɨ ɧɚ ɬɪɢ. ɏɜɨɫɬ
ɡɚɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɧɭɥɹɦɢ.
for i in xrange(0,len(a)-3):
a[i]=a[i+3]
for i in xrange( len(a)-3, len(a)):
a[i]=0
print a
Ⱦɥɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɭɧɢɜɟɪɫɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɞɚ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɚ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɹ len().
Ɉɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɱɺɬɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɚɫɫɢɜɚ:
10.
indexEven=0
for i in xrange(0,num):
if a[i] % 2 == 0:
103
indexEven=i
break
print indexEven
ȿɳɺ ɪɚɡ ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɬɚɬɨɤ ɨɬ ɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɰɟɧɬɨɦ, ɚ
ɩɪɨɜɟɪɤɚ ɧɚ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ – ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚɦɢ. ɇɢɱɟɝɨ ɥɢɱɧɨɝɨ, ɹ ɫɚɦ ɞɨɥɝɨ
ɡɚɛɵɜɚɥ. ɇɚɞɨ ɩɨɯɜɚɥɢɬɶ ɉɢɬɨɧ – ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɚɞɚɱɢ ɢɡ ɬɟɯ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ
ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɥɢ, ɜ ɧɺɦ ɪɟɲɚɸɬɫɹ ɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɩɪɨɳɟ, ɱɟɦ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ.
ɋɬɚɧɞɚɪɬɧɵɟ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɢ. ɑɭɬɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ
ɇɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɢ. ɋɥɨɠɧɟɟ ɨɧɢ ɬɟɦ, ɱɬɨ ɜ ɫɢɬɭɚɰɢɸ
ɜɨɜɥɟɱɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɨɞɢɧ, ɚ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ.
1. Ⱥ ɧɚɱɧɺɦ ɫ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ, – ɟɫɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ,
ɦɵ ɯɨɬɢɦ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɬɚɤɨɣ ɠɟ. Ɂɜɭɱɢɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ. ȼ ɱɺɦ ɡɚɫɚɞɚ?
Ɂɚɫɚɞɚ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɫ ɨɠɢɞɚɸɬ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɟɪɶɺɡɧɵɟ ɢ, ɧɟ ɩɨɛɨɸɫɶ ɷɬɨɝɨ
ɫɥɨɜɚ, ɩɭɝɚɸɳɢɟ ɜɟɳɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɥɢ ɧɚ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ
ɹɡɵɤɚɯ, ɬɨ ɜ ɧɢɯ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɞɨɛɢɜɚɬɶɫɹ, ɚ ɡɞɟɫɶ ɨɧɨ ɩɪɢɩɨɥɡɚɟɬ
ɫɚɦɨ.
ɉɢɲɟɦ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɤɨɞ:
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = a
print a
print b
ɂ ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɢɞɟɚɥɶɧɵɣ, ɨɠɢɞɚɟɦɵɣ ɢ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɣ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ:
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
ȼɫɺ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ? Ⱥ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɦ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ – ɨɞɢɧ, ɩɟɪɜɵɣ, ɜ
ɩɟɪɜɨɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɢ ɨɞɢɧ, ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ, ɜɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɦ.
a[0] = -101
b[4] = -105
print a
print b
[-101, 2, 3, 4, -105]
104
[-101, 2, 3, 4, -105]
Ɇɵ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɨɞɧɨɦɭ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɭ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ, ɚ ɢɡɦɟɧɢɥɢ ɩɨ
ɞɜɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɜ ɨɛɨɢɯ. ɉɨɱɟɦɭ? Ʌɟɝɤɨ ɡɚɦɟɬɢɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ ɧɚɲɢ ɤɚɤ ɛɵɥɢ
ɜɧɚɱɚɥɟ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ, ɬɚɤ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɬɚɥɢɫɶ. Ȼɨɥɟɟ ɬɨɝɨ, ɨɧɢ
ɧɚɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɫɬɚɧɭɬɫɹ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɵɦɢ, ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɦɵ ɧɢ ɞɟɥɚɥɢ. ɉɪɢɱɢɧɚ ɩɪɨɫɬɚ –
ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɞɜɭɯ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ ɧɟɬ, ɟɫɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɵ ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɦ.
ɂ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɢɦɟɧɢ –
A ɢ B, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬ ɧɚ ɨɞɢɧ ɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ.
ɇɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ? Ɇɵ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɟɳɺ ɜɟɪɧɺɦɫɹ.
ɉɨɤɚ ɩɨɞɨɣɞɺɦ ɤ ɡɚɞɚɱɟ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢ. ɇɚɦ ɧɚɞɨ
ɫɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɤɨɩɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɬɨɬ ɢ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ
ɛɵɥɢ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɢɫɤɚɦɢ. Ʉɚɤ ɢ ɥɸɛɭɸ ɡɚɞɚɱɭ, ɢ ɷɬɭ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ
ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚɦɢ. Ɇɵ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ, ɢ ɧɟ
ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɦ, ɡɚɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɨɬ ɧɚɫ ɧɢɤɚɤɢɯ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɡɧɚɧɢɣ. Ɇɵ
ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɩɭɫɬɨɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɟɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɢɡ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ.
ɋɥɨɜɨ ɫɨɡɞɚɞɢɦ ɧɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɨ ɤɭɪɫɢɜɨɦ, ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɦɵ ɬɨɠɟ ɟɳɺ
ɜɟɪɧɺɦɫɹ.
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b=[]
for i in xrange(0,len(a)):
b.append(a[i])
print a
print b
a[0] = -101
b[4] = -105
print a
print b
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[-101, 2, 3, 4, 5]
[1, 2, 3, 4, -105]
Ⱦɚ, ɷɬɨ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɩɪɢɦɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ. ɇɨ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ.
2. Ɉɩɹɬɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɪɨɫɬɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ, ɧɨ ɛɟɡ ɩɨɞɜɨɯɚ. ɋɥɨɠɢɬɶ ɩɨɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɧɨ
ɞɜɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɢ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɬɶ ɫɭɦɦɵ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ. ȿɫɥɢ ɞɥɢɧɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɨɜ ɪɚɡɧɚɹ,
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɦɢɧɢɦɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ.
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
105
b = [10,20,30]
for i in xrange(0, min(len(a),len(b))):
a[i] = a[i] + b[i]
print a
print b
[11, 22, 33, 4, 5]
[10, 20, 30]
3. ȿɫɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɜ ɧɺɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ, ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ.
ɉɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜɫɟ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɜ ɧɨɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɬɚɪɵɟ
ɦɟɫɬɚ, ɚ ɫɩɥɨɲɶ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ: [1,2,-3,4,-5]
Î [1,2,4]
a = [1,2,-3,4,-5]
b = []
for i in xrange(0, len(a)):
if a[i] > 0:
b.append(a[i])
print a, b
4. Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɫɥɨɠɧɟɟ. Ⱦɜɚ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ. ɂɡ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɦɵ ɯɨɬɢɦ ɜɡɹɬɶ N1
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ɂɡ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɤɚɤ ɧɟɬɪɭɞɧɨ ɞɨɝɚɞɚɬɶɫɹ, N2 ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ. ȼɫɺ ɷɬɨ
ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɢɬɶ ɢ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ. ɇɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ
ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨɟ, ɧɚɞɨ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɟɧɭɠɧɨɟ, ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɺ,
ɱɬɨ ɢɞɟɬ ɩɨɫɥɟ N1-ɝɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ.
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = [101,102,103,104]
N1 = 2
N2 = 3
for i in xrange(len(a)-1,N1-1,-1):
del a[i]
for i in xrange(0,N2):
a.append(b[i])
print a
ɇɚ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ? Ɇɧɨɝɨ ɧɚ ɱɬɨ. ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɰɢɤɥ ɩɨɧɹɬɟɧ, ɧɨ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ
ɩɟɪɜɵɣ ɢɞɺɬ ɨɬ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɤ ɧɚɱɚɥɭ? Ⱥ ɜɵ ɩɨɩɪɨɛɭɣɬɟ ɧɚɨɛɨɪɨɬ, ɱɢɫɬɨ ɜ ɭɦɟ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɯɨɬɢɬɟ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɶ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɫ ɬɪɟɬɶɟɝɨ ɩɨ ɩɹɬɵɣ – ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɫɬɨɬɵ ɹ
ɢɦɟɸ ɜ ɜɢɞɭ ɢɯ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ, ɚ ɧɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ, ɬɨ, ɤɨɝɞɚ
ɜɵ ɭɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɬɪɟɬɢɣ, ɨɫɬɚɜɲɢɟɫɹ ɞɜɚ ɫɞɜɢɧɭɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɟɜɨ. ɍɞɚɥɹɹ ɱɟɬɜɺɪɬɵɣ,
106
ɜɵ, ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ, ɭɞɚɥɢɬɟ ɩɹɬɵɣ. Ⱥ ɭɞɚɥɹɹ ɩɹɬɵɣ, ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɭɠɟ ɢ ɧɟɬ
ɜɨɜɫɟ, ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɫɹ ɚɜɚɪɢɣɧɨ.
ɉɪɢɫɦɨɬɪɢɬɟɫɶ ɟɳɺ ɪɚɡ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɠɟ ɰɢɤɥɭ. ȼɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɰɢɤɥ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬɫɹ
ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɟɝɨ, ɞɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ, ɧɟ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɟɝɨ.
ɂɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɚɤ, ɨɬ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɞɨ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ, ɚ ɧɟ ɨɬ ɦɟɧɶɲɟɝɨ ɤ ɛɨɥɶɲɟɦɭ. ɂ ɟɳɺ –
ɡɚɞɚɱɭ ɭɞɚɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɡ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɪɟɲɢɬɶ ɦɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɳɟ. Ɇɵ ɤ
ɷɬɨɦɭ ɜɟɪɧɺɦɫɹ, ɱɭɬɶ ɩɨɡɠɟ.
ȼɨɬ ɩɪɹɦɨ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɥ ɢ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɥɫɹ – ɚ ɷɬɨ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ, ɱɬɨ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ
ɫɩɢɫɤɚɯ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɢɞɭɬ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ? ȼɞɪɭɝ ɜɵ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɟɬɟ,
ɱɬɨ ɷɬɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɞɨ? ɂɥɢ ɦɵ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɚ ɨɧɢ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɫɨɪɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ? ɇɟɬ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɬɚɤ. ɇɨ ɧɚ ɬɚɤɢɯ ɩɪɢɦɟɪɚɯ
ɭɞɨɛɧɟɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ – ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɫɪɚɡɭ
ɜɢɞɧɵ. Ɉɛɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ.
5. ɇɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɫɥɨɠɧɚɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ. ȿɫɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ. ɇɚɞɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɜ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɦ
ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ. Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɩɨɬɨɦ ɜ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɫɟɛɹ. ɉɟɪɜɚɹ
ɩɨɞɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɬɫɹ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ. ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɭɠɟ
ɢɡɭɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ:
a = [1,2,3,4,5]
b = []
for i in xrange(len(a)-1,-1,-1):
b.append(a[i])
Ɉɛɪɚɬɢɬɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɦɢɧɭɫ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɚ – ɚ ɤɚɤ
ɢɧɚɱɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɧɚɦ ɧɚɞɨ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɰɢɤɥ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɫɹ ɞɨ ɧɭɥɹ? Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɢɦ
ɞɪɭɝɭɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɸ, ɧɨɜɭɸ ɢ ɧɟɨɩɪɨɛɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ:
b = []
for i in xrange(0,len(a)):
b.append(a[-i-1])
ɗɬɨɬ ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɬɨɠɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ, ɧɨ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɨɧ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ? Ⱦɨ ɫɢɯ ɩɨɪ ɦɵ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɥɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɩɪɢ ɨɛɪɚɳɟɧɢɢ ɤ ɫɩɢɫɤɚɦ.
ɉɨɥɨɠɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɧɚ ɬɨ, ɱɟɦɭ ɨɧ ɢ ɪɚɜɟɧ. ɉɨɱɬɢ.
Ɋɚɜɟɧ ɩɹɬɢ – ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚ ɲɟɫɬɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ. Ɋɚɜɟɧ ɧɭɥɸ – ɧɚ ɩɟɪɜɵɣ.
Ɉɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɬ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ, ɧɨ ɨɬɫɱɺɬ ɜɟɞɺɬɫɹ ɫɩɪɚɜɚ.
ɇɈ! ɋɚɦɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɵɣ, ɫɚɦɵɣ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ɦɢɧɭɫ ɨɞɢɧ.
107
Ⱥ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɧɟ ɧɨɥɶ? Ⱥ ɤɚɤ ɬɨɝɞɚ ɨɬɥɢɱɢɬɶ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɥɟɜɨɝɨ? ɂɬɚɤ –
ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ – ɦɢɧɭɫ ɨɞɢɧ, ɩɪɟɞɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɣ – ɦɢɧɭɫ ɞɜɚ, ɢ ɬɚɤ ɞɚɥɟɟ. ɗɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ
ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ. Ⱥ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ ɛɟɡ ɜɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɩɢɫɤɚ:
for i in xrange(0,len(a)/2):
a[i],a[-i-1] = a[-i-1],a[i]
Ɂɞɟɫɶ ɦɵ ɩɨɥɶɡɭɟɦɫɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɬɶ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ
ɞɜɭɦ – ɢ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ. Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ?
ɂɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɭɸ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɭɸ? Ⱦɥɹ ɷɫɬɟɬɨɜ, ɤɨɞ ɛɟɡ
ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɯ:
for i in xrange(0,len(a)/2):
a[i]=a[i] + a[-i-1]
a[-i-1]=a[i] - a[-i-1]
a[i]=a[i] - a[-i-1]
6. ɉɪɟɞɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɩɭɫɬɶ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɢɫɤɭɫɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɜɵɞɭɦɚɧɧɨɣ ɢ
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ. Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɢɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦɢ ɰɟɥɵɦɢ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ
ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ ɞɨ ɫɬɚ. ɉɟɪɟɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɜ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɜɚɞɪɚɬɵ.
Ʉɜɚɞɪɚɬɢɱɧɨɫɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɛɭɞɟɦ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɬɶ ɬɭɩɨ – ɩɟɪɟɛɨɪɨɦ.
import random
a=[]
for i in xrange(0,30):
r=random.randint(0,100)
a.append(r)
print a
b=[]
for i in xrange(0,30):
for k in xrange(0,a[i]):
if k*k == a[i]:
b.append(a[i])
print b
Ⱦɨɪɚɛɨɬɚɣɬɟ, ɭɩɪɨɫɬɢɬɟ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɢɪɭɣɬɟ.
7. ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɹɹ ɡɚɞɚɱɚ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɦɵɫɥ. ɋɚɦɚ ɩɨ
ɫɟɛɟ ɨɧɚ ɧɟ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɟɬɫɹ, ɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɶɸ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɛɨɥɟɟ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ.
ɂɬɚɤ, ɟɫɬɶ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɟ N, ɞɥɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɢɤɢ ɩɭɫɬɶ N=10. ɋɚɦɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ
ɷɬɨ 1,2,3…N. ɇɚɞɨ ɪɚɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɷɬɢ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɢɡ ɞɟɫɹɬɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɜ
108
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɢ ɬɚɤ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɱɢɫɥɨ ɜɫɬɪɟɱɚɥɨɫɶ ɪɨɜɧɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ.
Ɂɚɞɚɱɚ ɧɟ ɜɵɞɭɦɚɧɧɚɹ, ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɪɟɚɥɶɧɚɹ. Ʉɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɨɜɚɬɶ?
ɉɟɪɜɵɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ. Ⱦɨɛɚɜɥɹɟɦ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ, ɩɭɫɬɶ ɧɭɥɟɜɨɣ, ɡɚɬɟɦ
ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɩɨɞɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɬɚɤɨɟ ɟɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɡɚɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɩɢɫɤɟ ɟɳɺ ɧɟɬ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɩɪɨɯɨɞɢɬ ɬɚɤɢɟ ɦɟɬɚɦɨɪɮɨɡɵ:
[]
Î[7]Î[7,2]Î[7,2,7]Î[7,2,3]Î… Ɂɚɱɺɪɤɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɧɚɦɟɤɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ
ɜɚɪɢɚɧɬ ɩɥɨɯɨɣ, ɧɟɝɨɞɧɵɣ. Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɦɨ, ɧɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɭɦɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɢɥɢɣ.
ȼɬɨɪɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ. Ɏɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɢɡ ɡɚɜɟɞɨɦɨ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɯ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ
ɨɬɪɢɰɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ, ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɨɜ, ɚ ɡɚɬɟɦ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɠɞɨɝɨ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɦ
ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɩɨɤɚ ɟɳɺ ɩɭɫɬɨɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ. Ƚɞɟ-ɬɨ ɬɚɤ:[-1,-1,-1]
[-1,7,-1]
Î[-2,7,-1]. Ɇɨɠɧɨ, ɧɨ ɬɨɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɟɥɟɝɤɨ. ɉɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ
Î
ɨɛɚ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚ ɧɟ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫ ɤɨɝɞɚ-ɬɨ ɡɚɜɟɪɲɢɬɫɹ. ɇɟɬ,
ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ ɨɧ ɧɚɜɟɪɧɹɤɚ ɡɚɤɨɧɱɢɬɫɹ – ɧɨ ɚ ɜɞɪɭɝ? ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ –
Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ. Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɱɢɫɥɚɦɢ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ, ɩɨ ɜɨɡɪɚɫɬɚɧɢɸ – ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ [1,2,3…]. Ɂɚɬɟɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ-ɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɚɡ ɦɟɧɹɟɦ ɞɜɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɧɧɵɯ
ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɚ ɦɟɫɬɚɦɢ. ȼɨɬ ɬɚɤ:
import random
a = []
for i in xrange(0,10):
a.append(i+1)
for k in xrange(0,1000):
ind1 = random.randint(0,9)
ind2 = random.randint(0,9)
if ind1 <> ind2:
a[ind1],a[ind2] = a[ind2],a[ind1]
print a
Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɫɤɢɟ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɹ ɨ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɟɪɜɨɟ – ɟɳɺ
ɪɚɡ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɪɟɤɨɦɟɧɞɭɸ ɩɪɨɱɟɫɬɶ ɯɨɬɹ ɢ ɫɬɚɪɭɸ, ɧɨ ɧɟ ɫɬɚɪɟɸɳɭɸ
ɤɧɢɝɭ:
Ʌɭ Ƚɪɢɧɡɨɭ «Ɏɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ Windows 95/NT»,
ɋɚɧɤɬ-ɉɟɬɟɪɛɭɪɝ, «ɋɢɦɜɨɥ», 1997
Lou Grinzo Zen of Windows 95 Programming.
109
ȼɬɨɪɨɟ. ə ɞɨɥɝɨ ɞɭɦɚɥ, ɧɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɥɢ
for i in xrange(0,10): ȼɫɺ-ɬɚɤɢ
ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɷɬɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɢɥ ɞɨɛɚɜɢɬɶ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɜ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ. Ⱦɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ
ɥɢ ɬɵɫɹɱɢ ɨɛɦɟɧɨɜ ɞɥɹ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɨɫɬɢ? Ⱥ ɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɦɟɧɨɜ
ɛɭɞɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ ɞɟɥɟ, ɜɟɞɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɚ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɨɜ ɨɛɦɟɧ ɧɟ
ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ? ɂ ɝɥɚɜɧɵɣ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ – ɚ ɡɚɱɟɦ ɹ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ ɧɚ
ɪɚɜɟɧɫɬɜɨ? ɇɟɭɠɟɥɢ, ɟɫɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɪɚɜɧɵ, ɩɟɪɟɩɪɢɫɜɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɢ
ɫɥɨɦɚɟɬɫɹ? Ɉɬɜɟɱɚɸ – ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸ ɢ ɡɧɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɯɨɱɭ. ɂ ɩɪɨɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɨɩɵɬɵ ɧɟ
ɯɨɱɭ. ə ɥɭɱɲɟ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɸ ɢɧɞɟɤɫɵ. Ɍɚɤɚɹ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɮɢɥɨɫɨɮɢɹ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɂ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɨ, ɭɠɟ ɧɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ, ɚ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɹ.
Ɂɚɩɨɥɧɹɟɦ ɦɵ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ (0,10), ɚ ɫɥɭɱɚɣɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɢɡ ɧɟɝɨ ɠɟ
ɜɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɞɢɚɩɚɡɨɧɟ (0,9). ɗɬɨ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɡɢɹ ɤ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɱɢɤɚɦ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɟɫɥɢ
ɱɬɨ.
ȼɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ.
ɂɥɢ ɦɧɨɝɨɦɟɪɧɵɟ, ɤɚɤ ɜɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ
ȼɫɟ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɦɵ ɫɨɡɞɚɥɢ, ɩɨɦɟɧɹɥɢ, ɩɟɪɟɞɟɥɚɥɢ ɢ ɜɨɨɛɳɟ
ɢɫɩɨɪɬɢɥɢ, ɢɦɟɥɢ ɧɟɱɬɨ ɨɛɳɟɟ – ɜɫɟ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɥɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɰɟɥɨɝɨ ɬɢɩɚ.
Ʉɚɤ ɜɵ, ɧɚɜɟɪɧɨɟ, ɭɠɟ ɞɨɝɚɞɚɥɢɫɶ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ. Ɇɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɫɩɢɫɤɢ
ɢ ɩɥɚɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɱɢɫɟɥ ɢ ɫɬɪɨɤ:
b = [3.14, 3.14**2, 3.14**3, 3.14**4]
c = ['ɦɨɣ', 'ɞɹɞɹ', 'ɫɚɦɵɯ', 'ɱɟɫɬɧɵɯ', 'ɩɪɚɜɢɥ']
print b
print c[0] + c[1] + c[2] + c[3] + c[4]
[3.14, 9.8596, 30.959144000000002, 97.21171216000002]
ɦɨɣɞɹɞɹɫɚɦɵɯɱɟɫɬɧɵɯɩɪɚɜɢɥ
Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɩɪɨɛɟɥɵ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ ɧɚɞɨ ɜɫɬɚɜɥɹɬɶ ɫɚɦɨɦɭ. ɋɩɢɫɤɢ
ɦɨɝɭɬ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɬɶ ɢ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɬɢɩɨɜ:
d = [1, 99, True, 2.87**3.14, 3.14**2.87, 'It was many and many a year ago']
print d
[1, 99, True, 27.399911226570875, 26.680139129184198, 'It was many and many
a year ago']
# ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɩɪɨɞɜɢɧɭɬɵɯ
ɋɬɪɨɤɨɜɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɨɦ ɫɬɢɯɨɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɹ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɷɬɚ
Edgar Allan Poe «Annabel Lee» ɧɚ ɚɦɟɪɢɤɚɧɫɤɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ. ɏɨɬɢɬɟ ɩɪɨɢɡɜɟɫɬɢ
110
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