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Файл:Простой Python просто с нуля
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Ƚɥɚɜɚ ɩɟɪɜɚɹ. ɇɚɱɚɥɨ
Ƚɞɟ ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ
ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ – ɱɬɨ ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ. Ʉɚɤ ɜɵ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɫɧɨ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ, ɭ ɤɚɠɞɨɣ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɟɫɬɶ
ɜɟɪɫɢɹ, ɱɟɦ ɜɵɲɟ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ, ɬɟɦ ɧɨɜɟɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ. ȼɟɪɫɢɢ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ
ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɸɬɫɹ ɰɢɮɪɚɦɢ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɬɨɱɤɭ. ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, 1.11 ɢɥɢ 2.22.
ɉɟɪɜɚɹ ɰɢɮɪɚ – ɷɬɨ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ (main version), ɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ –
minor version, ɩɟɪɟɜɟɞɢɬɟ ɫɚɦɢ. ɑɢɫɥɨ ɨɞɢɧɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɬɨɱɤɢ, ɤɚɤ
ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ, ɨɛɨɡɧɚɱɚɟɬ, ɱɬɨ ɩɨɫɥɟ ɜɵɯɨɞɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɟɳɺ
ɨɞɢɧɧɚɞɰɚɬɶ ɜɟɪɫɢɣ ɫ ɦɟɥɤɢɦɢ ɭɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɹɦɢ.
ȼ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫ ɉɢɬɨɧɨɦ, ɟɫɬɶ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɚɹ ɬɪɟɬɶɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ, ɧɨ ɫɚɦɨɣ
ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɺɧɧɨɣ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ 2.7.14. Ʉɚɤ ɜɢɞɢɬɟ, ɩɨɹɜɢɥɚɫɶ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɚ
ɬɨɱɤɚ.
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɡɚɛɭɞɶɬɟ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɜɫɺɦ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɨɣɞɢɬɟ ɜ əɧɞɟɤɫ ɢ ɧɚɛɟɪɢɬɟ ɝɞɟ
ɫɤɚɱɚɬɶ ɉɢɬɨɧ 2.7.14. ɋɤɨɪɟɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ, ɩɟɪɜɚɹ ɠɟ ɫɫɵɥɤɚ ɩɪɢɜɟɞɺɬ ɜɚɫ ɧɚ
python.org. ɗɬɨ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɣ, ɨɮɢɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɢ ɭɜɚɠɚɟɦɵɣ
ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ. ɋɤɚɱɚɣɬɟ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɧɚɞɨ, ɜɵ ɫɩɪɚɜɢɬɟɫɶ.
ɍɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟ. ȼɵ ɜɟɞɶ ɭɦɟɟɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ. ȼ Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɦ Ɇɟɧɸ
ɩɨɹɜɢɬɫɹ ɩɭɧɤɬ <Python 2.7>, ɚ ɜ ɧɺɦ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɨɞɩɭɧɤɬɨɜ. Ʌɢɱɧɨ ɹ ɬɭɞɚ
ɧɟ ɡɚɝɥɹɞɵɜɚɸ, ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɭ ɦɟɧɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɢɫɶ ɟɳɺ ɢ
ɢɤɨɧɤɢ. ȿɫɥɢ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɢɯ ɧɟɬ, ɫɨɡɞɚɣɬɟ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɣɬɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɱɟɪɟɡ
Ƚɥɚɜɧɨɟ Ɇɟɧɸ, ɫɦɨɬɪɹ ɱɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ.
ɂɤɨɧɨɤ, ɤɚɤ ɦɢɧɢɦɭɦ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɞɜɟ, ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɢ ɬɪɟɬɶɹ – ɷɬɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɩɨ
ɹɡɵɤɭ. ɉɨɞ ɥɟɜɨɣ ɢɤɨɧɤɨɣ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ Python (command line). ɗɬɨ ɬɚɤ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ. ȼɫɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ ɩɨ ɉɢɬɨɧɭ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɧɚɱɢɧɚɸɬ ɪɚɫɫɤɚɡ ɫ
ɨɫɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɤɨɧɫɨɥɢ. Ɇɧɟ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɱɬɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɦ, ɢ ɹ ɨɬɩɪɚɜɢɥ
ɤɨɧɫɨɥɶ ɜ ɩɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ. Ɍɚɦ ɜɵ ɟɺ ɢ ɧɚɣɞɟɬɟ. ɇɚɱɧɺɦ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɫ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɝɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ
ɋɟɣɱɚɫ ɧɚ ɪɚɛɨɱɟɦ ɫɬɨɥɟ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɛɵɬɶ ɜɨɬ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɢɤɨɧɤɚ ɫ ɜɨɬ ɬɚɤɨɣ
ɩɨɞɩɢɫɶɸ.
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ȼɨɬ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ ɳɺɥɤɚɟɦ ɢ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ, ɝɨɜɨɪɹ ɩɨ ɧɚɭɱɧɨɦɭ, ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɭɸ
ɫɪɟɞɭ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɉɢɬɨɧ. ɇɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɷɬɚ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɪɟɞɚ
IDLE. Ɍɭɬ ɢɝɪɚ ɫɥɨɜ. ɋ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, IDLE ɪɚɫɲɢɮɪɨɜɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɤɚɤ
Python’s Integrated Development and Learning Environment. ɋ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ
ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ, idle ɡɧɚɱɢɬ ɥɟɧɢɜɵɣ, ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɵɣ, ɧɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɣ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɣɬɟ,
ɱɬɨ ɜɚɦ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ.
ȼɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɫɪɟɞɚ, ɫɤɚɠɟɦ ɩɪɹɦɨ, ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ. ɍɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɧɟ ɬɨ ɱɬɨ Ⱦɟɥɶɮɢ ɢɥɢ
ɚɧɚɥɨɝɚɦ, ɧɨ ɞɚɠɟ ɢ ɞɪɟɜɧɟɣɲɟɦɭ Ɍɭɪɛɨ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɸ.
Ⱦɥɹ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ, ɦɚɤɫɢɦɢɡɢɪɭɣɬɟ ɨɤɧɨ. Ʉ ɫɨɠɚɥɟɧɢɸ, ɹ ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸ, ɤɚɤ ɡɚɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ
ɟɝɨ ɡɚɩɭɫɤɚɬɶ ɦɚɤɫɢɦɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɦ ɫɪɚɡɭ. ɋ ɱɟɝɨ ɦɵ ɧɚɱɧɺɦ? Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɭɸɬ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɜɪɨɞɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɜɵɜɨɞɹɳɟɣ Hello, word!, ɧɨ
ɥɢɱɧɨ ɦɧɟ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɠɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɫɥɨɠɧɵɦ ɢ ɧɟɥɨɝɢɱɧɵɦ. ɇɚɱɢɧɚɬɶ ɧɚɞɨ ɫ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ. ɂɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɬɚɤ – ɇɂɑȿȽɈ!
Ʉɚɤ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɹɬ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɸɳɢɟ, ɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ, ɤɚɤ ɷɬɨ
ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ, ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ? ȼɨɬ ɬɚɤ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ
ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɚ ɉɚɫɤɚɥɟ:
program Nothing;
begin
end.
Ⱥ ɜɨɬ ɬɚɤɚɹ ɠɟ, ɧɭ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɚ C++
void main ()
{
}
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ɉɢɬɨɧ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɞɨɫɬɢɝ ɩɨɥɧɨɣ ɝɚɪɦɨɧɢɢ ɫ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɨɣ. ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ,
ɞɟɥɚɸɳɚɹ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ, ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɢɱɟɦ. ɇɨ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɉɢɬɨɧɟ
ɦɵ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɨɞɟɥɚɬɶ ɧɟɫɤɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɵɯ ɦɚɧɢɩɭɥɹɰɢɣ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ
ɝɥɚɜɧɨɦ ɦɟɧɸ ɩɭɧɤɬ File\New File. ɉɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɧɨɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɬɨɠɟ ɧɟ ɨɱɟɧɶ
ɜɩɟɱɚɬɥɹɸɳɟɟ:
Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɥɸɛɨɡɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ. Ɍɨ, ɩɟɪɜɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ, ɧɚɡɵɜɚɥɨɫɶ
Shell Window, ɛɭɞɟɦ ɡɜɚɬɶ ɟɝɨ Ɉɛɨɥɨɱɤɚ. ȼɬɨɪɨɟ – Editor Window, ɟɝɨ
ɛɭɞɟɦ ɡɜɚɬɶ Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪ. ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɦɟɧɸ File\Save as, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɟɦ ɡɚɩɪɨɫ ɨ
ɢɦɟɧɢ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɩɢɲɟɦ, ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, Nothing – ɤɚɪɬɢɧɤɚ ɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɜɨɬ
ɬɚɤɭɸ:
ɇɚ ɱɬɨ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ? ɇɚ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɜɜɟɪɯɭ ɨɤɧɚ ɩɨɹɜɢɥɨɫɶ ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ ɜ
ɫɨɜɨɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɢɦɟɧɟɦ ɤɚɬɚɥɨɝɚ. Ʉɚɬɚɥɨɝ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɬɨɬ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ
ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧ ɉɢɬɨɧ. ɉɭɫɬɶ ɩɨɤɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɛɭɞɟɬ. Ɋɚɫɲɢɪɟɧɢɟ ɭ ɮɚɣɥɚ *.py. ɗɬɨ
ɧɚɞɨ ɡɚɩɨɦɧɢɬɶ. Ɍɟɩɟɪɶ ɜɨɡɜɪɚɳɚɟɦɫɹ ɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɭ ɨ ɬɨɦ, ɤɚɤ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɜ
ɉɢɬɨɧɟ ɩɭɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ. Ⱥ ɧɢɤɚɤ. ɉɭɫɬɚɹ, ɨɧɚ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɭɫɬɚɹ. Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ
ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ – ɩɭɫɬɚɹ, ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ. ɂɥɢ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɫɤɚɡɚɬɶ ɢ ɬɚɤ – ɟɫɥɢ ɭ ɧɚɫ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɩɭɫɬɨɣ ɮɚɣɥ, ɬɨ ɜ ɧɺɦ
ɫɨɞɟɪɠɢɬɫɹ ɨɧɚ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɩɭɫɬɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɭɠɟ ɝɨɬɨɜɚɹ ɤ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɸ. ɋɱɢɬɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɞɚɥɶɲɟ ɷɬɚ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɧɚɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɚɩɟɱɚɬɚɧɚ
– ɛɟɥɵɦɢ ɛɭɤɜɚɦɢ ɧɚ ɛɟɥɨɦ ɮɨɧɟ:
Ⱥɪɟɫɬɚɧɬ ɫɟɤɪɟɬɧɵɣ, ɮɢɝɭɪɵ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɟɬ © Ɍɵɧɹɧɨɜ «ɉɨɪɭɱɢɤ Ʉɢɠɟ»
Ɍɟɦ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ, ɞɚɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɬɟɤɫɬɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɭɠɞɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨɛɵ
ɟɺ ɤɬɨ-ɬɨ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɥ. ɑɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɢɬɶ – ɧɚɠɢɦɚɟɦ <F5>. Ⱦɟɥɚɟɦ ɷɬɨ,
ɧɚɩɨɦɢɧɚɸ ɧɚ ɜɫɹɤɢɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ, ɧɚɯɨɞɹɫɶ ɜ Ɋɟɞɚɤɬɨɪɟ. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɜɧɟɫɥɢ
ɤɚɤɢɟ-ɬɨ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɤɨɞ ɢ ɧɟ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ, ɧɚɦ ɨɛ ɷɬɨɦ ɧɚɩɨɦɧɹɬ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɚɬ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɶ. ɋɨɝɥɚɲɚɟɦɫɹ ɢ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɹɟɦ. ɉɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɦɵ
ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɢ, ɛɟɡ ɧɚɲɟɝɨ ɠɟɥɚɧɢɹ, ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɦ ɜ Ɉɛɨɥɨɱɤɭ ɢ ɜɢɞɢɦ ɜɨɬ
ɬɚɤɨɣ ɷɤɪɚɧ:
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ɗɬɨ ɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ.
ȿɳɺ ɪɚɡ, ɧɚ ɜɫɹɤɢɣ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ – ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɚɛɫɨɥɸɬɧɨ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ, ɬɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɨ ɫɜɟɪɯɭ, – ɢɦɹ ɮɚɣɥɚ, ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦ ɦɵ ɫɨɯɪɚɧɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɭ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɫɟɣɱɚɫ ɜɵɣɞɟɦ ɢɡ IDLE ɢ ɧɟɦɟɞɥɟɧɧɨ ɜɨɣɞɺɦ ɫɧɨɜɚ, ɬɨ,
ɪɚɡɭɦɟɟɬɫɹ, ɭɜɢɞɢɦ ɱɢɫɬɨɟ ɨɤɧɨ Ɉɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ. Ɇɵ ɦɨɠɟɦ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ
File\Open ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɩɢɬɨɧɨɜɫɤɢɣ ɮɚɣɥ, ɥɢɛɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ File\Recent
files ɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ ɮɚɣɥ ɢɡ ɧɟɞɚɜɧɨ ɨɬɤɪɵɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɞɚɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɜɲɢɯɫɹ –
ɜ ɧɚɲɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɨɬɤɪɵɬ ɬɨɬ ɫɚɦɵɣ ɟɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɮɚɣɥ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɦɵ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɱɬɨ ɫɨɱɢɧɢɥɢ.
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɨɩɹɬɶ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ ɧɟ ɞɟɥɚɟɬ.
ɇɨ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɢ
ȼɫɬɪɟɱɚ ɫ ɜɟɬɟɪɚɧɨɦ:
– Ⱦɟɞɭɲɤɚ, ɪɚɫɫɤɚɠɢɬɟ ɨ Ʌɟɧɢɧɟ.
– Ɂɚɯɨɠɭ ɹ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɬɭɚɥɟɬ, ɚ ɬɚɦ Ʌɟɧɢɧ. Ɉɧ ɞɟɥɚɥ ɬɨ ɠɟ, ɱɬɨ ɢ
ɦɵ, ɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɧɨ! © ɩɪɨɫɬɨɣ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɱɧɵɣ ɚɧɟɤɞɨɬ
ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫɨɫɬɨɢɬ ɢɡ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɜ, ɢɥɢ ɤɨɦɚɧɞ, ɢɥɢ ɧɚɡɨɜɢɬɟ ɷɬɨ ɤɚɤ
ɭɝɨɞɧɨ. ȼ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɹɡɵɤɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟ
ɞɟɥɚɟɬ ɧɢɱɟɝɨ. ə ɧɟ ɡɧɚɸ ɡɚɱɟɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɭ ɷɬɨ ɧɭɠɧɨ ©. ɉɢɬɨɧ ɧɢɱɟɦ ɧɟ
ɥɭɱɲɟ ɢ ɧɟ ɯɭɠɟ, ɟɫɬɶ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ, ɢ ɜ ɧɺɦ ɧɚɲɚ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ ɫ ɟɝɨ
ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɜɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɜɨɬ ɬɚɤ:
Pass
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ ɫɚɦɵɣ, ɱɬɨ ɢ ɪɚɧɶɲɟ, ɬɨ
ɟɫɬɶ – ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ. Ɍɨ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥɢ, ɛɟɫɫɦɵɫɥɟɧɧɨ ɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ. Ƚɨɜɨɪɹ
ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ – ɧɟ ɧɟɫɺɬ ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɇɨ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɬɶ ɤɨɞ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɟɧ, ɧɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɧɟɫɺɬ.
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ɉɨɝɨɜɨɪɢɦ ɨ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɹɯ. Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ – ɷɬɨ, ɤɚɤ ɥɟɝɤɨ ɞɨɝɚɞɚɬɶɫɹ,
ɤɨɝɞɚ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɥɢ ɜɵ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ ɢ
ɛɨɢɬɟɫɶ, ɱɬɨ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɧɟɞɟɥɸ ɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɩɨɦɧɢɬɟ, ɨ ɱɺɦ ɬɚɦ ɪɟɱɶ ɲɥɚ. ɂ ɜɵ
ɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬɟ ɩɨɦɟɬɤɭ ɧɚ ɩɚɦɹɬɶ. ɋ ɬɨɱɤɢ ɡɪɟɧɢɹ ɹɡɵɤɚ, ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɷɮɮɟɤɬ
ɨɬ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ ɬɨɬ ɠɟ, ɤɚɤ ɟɫɥɢ ɛɵ ɢɯ ɧɟ ɛɵɥɨ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɩɟɪɟɞ
ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɜɫɟ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɵɛɪɚɫɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ.
Ⱦɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɫɥɨɜɚɦɢ – ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɧɟ ɞɥɹ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɚ, ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɞɥɹ
ɜɚɫ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ.
# ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɬɨ ɧɟɜɟɞɨɦɚɹ ɮɢɝɧɹ
for i in xrange(0,11): # ɚ ɷɬɨ ɰɢɤɥ
doSomething
doSomethingElse
Ʉɚɠɞɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɟɜ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɜɩɟɪɟɞɢ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɭ. ȼɫɺ, ɱɬɨ ɨɬ ɪɟɲɺɬɤɢ
ɢ ɞɨ ɤɨɧɰɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɧɢɤɨɦɭ ɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ. Ɍɨɱɧɟɟ ɧɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɨ ɤɨɦɩɶɸɬɟɪɭ,
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɫɬ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɪɨɱɢɬɚɬɶ. Ʉɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɢ ɹ
ɛɭɞɭ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɬɶ ɤɭɪɫɢɜɨɦ.
Ⱦɨɜɨɥɶɧɨ ɱɚɫɬɨ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɧɨɫɬɶ – ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɤɥɸɱɢɬɶ ɱɚɫɬɶ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɧ ɧɟ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɥɫɹ. Ɂɚɱɟɦ? Ɉɛɵɱɧɨ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ
ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɵ ɟɫɬɶ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɺɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɦɧɟɧɢɹ ɢ ɯɨɱɟɬɫɹ
ɩɨɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɛɟɡ ɧɟɺ. Ʉɚɤ ɷɬɨ ɫɞɟɥɚɬɶ? ȿɫɥɢ ɩɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɚɦ, ɬɨ ɬɚɤ:
# ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɬɨ ɧɟɜɟɞɨɦɚɹ ɮɢɝɧɹ
#for i in xrange(0,11):
# doSomething
# doSomethingElse
ȼɫɺ ɜɟɪɧɨ, ɧɨ ɫɤɭɱɧɨ ɢ ɭɬɨɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ. ȿɫɬɶ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ ɫɩɨɫɨɛ, ɨɧ
ɧɟɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɵɣ, ɧɨ ɜɫɟ ɬɚɤ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ:
’’’
# ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɬɨ ɧɟɜɟɞɨɦɚɹ ɮɢɝɧɹ
#for i in xrange(0,11):
# doSomething
# doSomethingElse
’’’
ȼɫɺ, ɱɬɨ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɬɪɨɣɧɵɦɢ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚɦɢ – ɤɚɤ ɛɵ ɤɨɦɦɟɧɬɚɪɢɣ. ɇɚ ɫɚɦɨɦ
ɞɟɥɟ, ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɬɚɤ, ɧɨ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɢ ɜɫɟ ɬɚɤ ɞɟɥɚɸɬ. Ɂɧɚɱɢɬ – ɦɨɠɧɨ ɢ
ɜɚɦ.
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ɉɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ
ȼɵɝɥɹɞɢɬ ɨɧɚ ɜɨɬ ɬɚɤ:
print 'Is there anybody out there?'
Ʉɚɤ ɪɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɜ ɨɤɧɟ Ɉɛɨɥɨɱɤɢ ɜɨɬ ɷɬɚ ɫɚɦɚɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ, ɬɚ,
ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɜ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚɯ. ȿɫɥɢ ɛɵɬɶ ɬɨɱɧɵɦ, ɛɭɞɟɬ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɬɚ ɫɬɪɨɤɚ, ɱɬɨ ɦɵ
ɧɚɛɪɚɥɢ ɜ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚɯ, ɧɨ ɜɵɜɟɞɟɧɚ ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɛɟɡ ɤɚɜɵɱɟɤ. Ɇɨɠɧɨ
ɭɫɥɨɠɧɢɬɶ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɧɵɣ ɤɨɞ, ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ:
print 'Is there anybody out there?'
print
print
print 'Is there anybody out there?'
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɬɨɠɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɱɭɬɶ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɟɟ:
Is there anybody out there?
Is there anybody out there?
Ʉɚɤ ɧɟɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɞɨɝɚɞɚɬɶɫɹ, ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ print ɛɟɡ ɩɚɪɚɦɟɬɪɨɜ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɩɭɫɬɭɸ
ɫɬɪɨɤɭ. ɂ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɢɧ ɧɟɯɢɬɪɵɣ ɮɨɤɭɫ:
Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɨɪ
Ɋɟɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ
print '-~=' * 10
-~=-~=-~=-~=-~=-~=-~=-~=-~=-~=
ɂɧɨɝɞɚ ɛɵɜɚɟɬ ɧɚɞɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɨɞɧɭ ɱɚɫɬɶ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ ɨɬ ɞɪɭɝɨɣ, ɱɬɨɛɵ ɥɟɝɱɟ
ɛɵɥɨ ɱɢɬɚɬɶ. Ɂɜɺɡɞɨɱɤɚ ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɬ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ
ɞɟɫɹɬɶ ɪɚɡ ɩɨɞɪɹɞ.
ɂ ɬɟɩɟɪɶ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɢ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ, ɤɨɬɨɪɭɸ ɩɪɨɩɭɫɬɢɬɶ ɧɟɥɶɡɹ. ɋɬɪɨɤɚ
ɫɚɦɚ ɩɨ ɫɟɛɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɚ ɜ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ. Ⱥ ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɟ ɫɚɦɨɣ
ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɭɠɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚ? ɉɭɫɬɶ, ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ, ɦɵ ɯɨɬɢɦ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɭɸ
ɫɬɪɨɤɭ: We don’t need no education
# ɫɬɚɪɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɟ
Ɉɛɟ ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɷɬɚ ɢ ɜɵɲɟ, ɢɡ Ⱥɥɶɛɨɜɚ The Wall ɝɪɭɩɩɵ Pink Floyd
Ɉɬ 1979 ɝɨɞɚ. ɉɪɨɫɬɵɟ ɥɸɞɢ, ɜɪɨɞɟ ɦɟɧɹ, ɫɱɢɬɚɸɬ ɷɬɨɬ ɚɥɶɛɨɦ ɥɭɱɲɢɦ
ɚɥɶɛɨɦɨɦ ɜɫɟɯ ɜɪɟɦɺɧ ɢ ɧɚɪɨɞɨɜ. ɗɫɬɟɬɵ-ɢɡɜɪɚɳɟɧɰɵ ɧɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɵ ɢ
ɩɪɟɞɩɨɱɢɬɚɸɬ Dark Side of the Moon ɬɟɯ ɠɟ ɚɜɬɨɪɨɜ.
26
# ɤɨɧɟɰ Ɋɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɹ
ɑɬɨ ɩɪɨɢɡɨɣɞɺɬ ɩɪɢ ɩɨɩɵɬɤɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɡɚɬɟɣ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ:
print 'We don't need no education'
Ⱥ ɩɨɱɟɦɭ? Ⱥ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ, ɱɬɨ ɉɢɬɨɧ ɜɨɫɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ, ɤɚɤ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɬɨɥɶɤɨ
'We don',
ɩɨɫɥɟ ɱɟɝɨ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɧɹɬɧɵɣ ɯɜɨɫɬ ɢ ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɬɨ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɢ ɤ ɱɟɦɭ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɚ
ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚ. ə ɨɛɟɳɚɥ ɧɟ ɫɪɚɜɧɢɜɚɬɶ ɉɢɬɨɧ ɫ ɞɪɭɝɢɦɢ ɹɡɵɤɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɢɧɨɝɞɚ
ɦɨɠɧɨ ɨɬɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɨɬ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ. ȼ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɹɡɵɤɚɯ ɜɦɟɫɬɨ ɨɞɧɨɣ
ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ ɜ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ ɩɢɲɭɬ ɞɜɟ, ɜɨɬ ɬɚɤ:
'We don''t need no education'.
ȼɵɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɧɚ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚ. ɉɢɬɨɧ ɩɪɨɬɢɜ ɬɚɤɨɝɨ ɤɨɞɚ
ɜɨɡɪɚɠɚɬɶ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ, ɧɨ ɨɬɪɟɚɝɢɪɭɟɬ ɩɨ-ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ:
print 'We don''t need no education'
We dont need no education
ȿɫɥɢ ɧɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɞɭɦɚɬɶɫɹ, ɜɫɺ ɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶɫɹ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɵɦ – ɉɢɬɨɧ ɜɢɞɢɬ ɡɞɟɫɶ
ɞɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɟ ɪɹɞɨɦ,
'We don' ɢ 't need no education'. Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ
ɪɹɞɨɦ, ɞɚ ɟɳɺ ɢ ɛɟɡ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɚ, ɡɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ, ɩɨɱɟɦɭ ɛɵ ɧɟ ɫɤɥɟɢɬɶ ɢɯ
ɜ ɨɞɧɭ? ȼɨɬ ɢ ɫɤɥɟɢɥ. Ɍɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɠɟ ɜɵɜɟɫɬɢ ɷɬɭ ɧɟɫɱɚɫɬɧɭɸ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɭ? ɉɢɬɨɧ
ɡɞɟɫɶ, ɤɚɤ ɢ ɜɨ ɦɧɨɝɢɯ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ, ɩɨɲɺɥ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɭɧɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦ ɩɭɬɺɦ. ȼ
ɉɢɬɨɧɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɡɚɩɢɫɵɜɚɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɜ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ, ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɯ,
ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚɯ, ɢɥɢ ɜ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ, ɩɨ-ɪɭɫɫɤɢ ɬɨɱɧɨ ɬɚɤ ɠɟ. ɂɡɜɢɧɢɬɟ, ɟɫɥɢ ɜɵ ɷɬɨ ɢ
ɬɚɤ ɨɬɥɢɱɧɨ ɡɧɚɟɬɟ, ɧɨ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɟ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ – ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɞɜɟ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɵɟ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ
ɩɨɞɪɹɞ. ɗɬɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɢɦɜɨɥ, ɩɪɢɱɺɦ ɧɚ ɬɨɣ ɠɟ ɤɥɚɜɢɲɟ,
ɱɬɨ ɢ ɨɞɢɧɨɱɧɚɹ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚ. ɇɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɫɦɵɫɥɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɝɪɭɡɤɢ ɷɬɨ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɢɟ ɧɟ
ɧɟɫɺɬ, ɧɢɤɚɤɨɣ ɪɚɡɧɢɰɵ ɧɟɬ – ɜɨɨɛɳɟ.
print 'Ɂɚ ɱɬɨ Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦ ɭɬɨɩɢɥ Ɇɭɦɭ?'
print "Ɂɚ ɱɬɨ Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦ ɭɬɨɩɢɥ Ɇɭɦɭ?"
Ɂɚ ɱɬɨ Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦ ɭɬɨɩɢɥ Ɇɭɦɭ?
Ɂɚ ɱɬɨ Ƚɟɪɚɫɢɦ ɭɬɨɩɢɥ Ɇɭɦɭ?
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Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ! ȼɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɫɤɨɛɨɤ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɦɨɝɭɬ
ɭɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɟ, ɚ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɞɜɨɣɧɵɯ – ɨɞɢɧɚɪɧɵɟ. Ɍɨ ɟɫɬɶ:
print 'We don"t need no education'
print "We don't need no education"
We don"t need no education
We don't need no education
Ɇɨɠɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɬɶ ɞɥɹ ɷɬɨɣ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɬɪɨɣɧɵɟ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɢ, ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ
ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɜ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ.
print ‘’’a’b’’’
a’b
ɋ ɤɚɜɵɱɤɚɦɢ ɩɨɤɨɧɱɟɧɨ. ȿɳɺ ɨɞɧɨ ɡɚɦɟɱɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɢɧ ɮɨɤɭɫ. ȼɵɜɟɞɟɦ
ɧɟ ɨɞɧɭ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɚ ɞɜɟ, ɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɪɚɡɧɵɦɢ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɚɦɢ:
print 'abcd','efgh'
print 'abcd'
print 'efgh'
abcd efgh
abcd
efgh
ɑɬɨ ɢɦɟɟɦ? ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ, ɬɨ ɨɧɢ
ɪɚɡɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɟɥɨɦ. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɜɵɜɨɞɢɦ ɞɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɞɜɭɦɹ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ,
ɬɨ ɨɧɢ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɪɚɡɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɨɤɚɯ ɜɵɜɨɞɚ. Ⱥ ɟɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɯɨɬɢɦ ɞɜɭɦɹ
ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚɦɢ, ɧɨ ɧɚ ɨɞɧɨɣ ɫɬɪɨɤɟ? ɉɨɠɚɥɭɣɫɬɚ:
print 'abcd',
print 'efgh'
abcd efgh
Ⱦɚ, ɜɟɫɶ ɫɟɤɪɟɬ ɜ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɚɦɨɣ ɡɚɩɹɬɨɣ ɜ ɤɨɧɰɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɚ. Ⱦɚ, ɥɢɱɧɨ
ɦɧɟ ɷɬɨ ɧɟ ɧɪɚɜɢɬɫɹ.
ɋɟɧɹ, ɷɬɨ ɠɟ ɧɟ ɷɫɬɟɬɢɱɧɨ! © Ȼɪɢɥɥɢɚɧɬɨɜɚɹ ɪɭɤɚ.
ɂ, ɧɚɤɨɧɟɰ, ɞɜɟ ɫɬɪɨɤɢ ɨɞɧɢɦ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɨɪɨɦ, ɧɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɜɵɜɨɞ ɛɵɥ ɫɩɥɨɲɶ,
ɛɟɡ ɪɚɡɪɵɜɨɜ:
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print 'abcd' + 'efgh'
abcdefgh
Ɉɛɫɭɞɢɜ ɜɵɜɨɞ, ɧɟɩɥɨɯɨ ɨɛɫɭɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɜɜɨɞ. ɇɨ ɜɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɧɚɞɨ ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ. ɗɬɨ
ɱɬɨ-ɬɨ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ. ɗɬɨ, ɤɪɨɦɟ ɲɭɬɨɤ, ɫɚɦɨɟ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ
ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɡɚɣɦɺɦɫɹ ɩɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦɢ, ɫɚɦɢɦɢ ɩɨ
ɫɟɛɟ, ɩɨɤɚ ɛɟɡ ɢɯ ɜɜɨɞɚ.
Ʉɨɪɨɬɤɨɟ, ɧɨ ɜɚɠɧɨɟ ɞɨɛɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ
ȼ ɥɸɛɨɣ ɭɜɚɠɚɸɳɟɣ ɫɟɛɹ ɫɪɟɞɟ ɩɪɨɝɪɚɦɦɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɟɫɬɶ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɚɹ
ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ. ȿɫɬɶ ɨɧɚ ɢ ɜ ɉɢɬɨɧɟ. ɋɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɧɚɞɨ ɧɚɠɚɬɶ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɦɟɧɸ <Help>.
Ⱦɚɥɟɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɟɧ ɜɵɛɨɪ.
ȿɫɥɢ ɜɵɛɪɚɬɶ <Hrlp\About IDLE>, ɬɨ ɜɵ ɭɡɧɚɟɬɟ, ɜ ɤɚɤɨɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ ɹɡɵɤɚ ɜɵ
ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬɟ. ɗɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨ – ɚ ɜɞɪɭɝ ɭ ɜɚɫ ɤɚɤɚɹ-ɬɨ ɞɪɭɝɚɹ ɜɟɪɫɢɹ ɢ ɬɨ,
ɱɬɨ ɹ ɩɢɲɭ ɜ ɤɧɢɝɟ ɨ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɜɟɪɫɢɢ, ɧɟ ɜɩɨɥɧɟ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɫɹ ɤ ɜɚɲɟɣ.
Ⱦɚɥɶɲɟ. <Help\IDLE Help>. ɗɬɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɚ ɩɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɟ IDLE.
Ɉɧɚ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɤɨɪɨɬɤɚɹ.
Ɍɪɟɬɢɣ ɩɭɧɤɬ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ. Ɉɧ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ <Help\Python docs>. Ɍɚɦ
ɧɟɜɟɪɨɹɬɧɨɟ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ – ɢ ɛɟɫɩɨɥɟɡɧɨɣ – ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ. ɋɥɟɜɚ
ɨɛɵɱɧɵɣ ɩɨɢɫɤ ɩɨ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɟ. Ɋɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ ɨɧ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɩɥɨɯɨ, ɱɬɨ ɞɟɥɚɬɶ, ɧɟ ɦɵ
ɩɢɫɚɥɢ. ɉɨɱɬɢ ɧɚɜɟɪɧɹɤɚ ɫɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜɵ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɟ ɫɨɜɫɟɦ ɧɟ ɬɨ, ɱɬɨ ɯɨɬɟɥɢ.
Ɏɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨ, ɚ ɩɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭ ɢɡɞɟɜɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ © ȼ. ɂ. Ʌɟɧɢɧ
Ɍɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɟ ɩɨɞɭɦɚɣɬɟ, ɱɬɨ ɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɢɤ ɭɱɟɧɢɹ Ʉɚɪɥɚ Ɇɚɪɤɫɚ, Ɏɪɢɞɪɢɯɚ
ɗɧɝɟɥɶɫɚ ɢ ȼɥɚɞɢɦɢɪɚ ɂɥɶɢɱɚ Ʌɟɧɢɧɚ. ɇɢ ɜ ɤɨɟɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ, ɩɪɨɫɬɨ ɦɵɫɥɶ
ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɟɪɧɚɹ ɢ ɤ ɦɟɫɬɭ. Ⱥ ɬɚɤ ɹ ɬɜɺɪɞɵɣ ɫɬɚɥɢɧɢɫɬ.
ɋɩɪɚɜɚ ɫɩɢɫɨɤ ɬɟɦ – ɨɧɢ ɜɫɟ ɧɚɩɢɫɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɭɞɢɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ, ɬɨɥɤɨɜɨ ɢ
ɩɨɧɹɬɧɨ. ɉɨ-ɚɧɝɥɢɣɫɤɢ, ɫɚɦɨ ɫɨɛɨɣ.
Ɉɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɢ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɨɧɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨ ɧɟɡɚɦɟɬɧɨ ɢ
ɧɟɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɺɧɧɨ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɢɬ ɜ on-line ɪɟɠɢɦ. ɉɪɢɦɟɪ:
Ɂɚɩɭɫɤɚɟɦ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɭ, ɤɚɤ ɭɤɚɡɚɧɨ ɜɵɲɟ.
ȼɵɛɢɪɚɟɦ ɜ ɭɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɟ Tkinter – ɷɬɨ ɨɱɟɧɶ ɜɚɠɧɚɹ ɢ ɯɨɞɨɜɚɹ ɬɟɦɚ
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ɇɚɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɸɬ
Tkinter
(module)
ɉɪɢ ɜɵɛɨɪɟ ɩɟɪɜɨɝɨ ɩɭɧɤɬɚ ɦɵ ɩɨɩɚɞɺɦ ɜɨ ɜɫɬɪɨɟɧɧɭɸ ɫɩɪɚɜɤɭ ɢ, ɩɨɤɚ
ɛɭɞɟɦ ɛɪɨɞɢɬɶ ɩɨ ɧɟɣ, ɧɟɨɠɢɞɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɟ ɛɭɞɟɬ. ȼɩɪɨɱɟɦ, ɢ ɭɡɧɚɟɦ ɦɵ
ɨɬɬɭɞɚ ɧɟ ɫɥɢɲɤɨɦ ɦɧɨɝɨ. ȿɫɥɢ ɦɵ ɜɵɛɟɪɟɦ ɜɬɨɪɭɸ ɫɬɪɨɤɭ, ɬɨ ɧɚɦ
ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɚɬ ɛɨɝɚɬɟɣɲɭɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɩɨ Tkinter – ɧɨ ɜɫɹ ɨɧɚ ɛɭɞɟɬ ɭɠɟ
on-line.
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