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Файл:Основы классической электродинамики. Учебное пособие
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4. ǩǗǑǖǞǜǚǘnjǏǙǔǞǙnjǫ ǔǙǐǟǖǢǔǫ
5. ǩǗǑǘǑǙǞǧ ǞǑǚǜǔǔ ǩǗǑǖǞǜǚǘnjǏǙǔǞǙǚǏǚ ǛǚǗǫ
6. ǩǗǑǖǞǜǚǘnjǏǙǔǞǙǧǑ ǖǚǗǑǍnjǙǔǫ ǔ ǎǚǗǙǧ
7. ǚǝǙǚǎǧ ǎǚǗǙǚǎǚǕ ǚǛǞǔǖǔ
ǓnjǖǗǪǣǑǙǔǑ
ǍǔǍǗǔǚǏǜnjǠǔǣǑǝǖǔǕ ǝǛǔǝǚǖ
ǛǜǔǗǚǒǑǙǔǫ
..................................................................................... 92
4.1. Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ .......................................................................... 92
4.2. əɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ. ɂɧɞɭɤɬɢɜɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɨɧɬɭɪɚ ................................................... 95
4.3. ȼɡɚɢɦɧɚɹ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɹ ..................................................................................................... 96
4.4. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ……………………..……………. ................................... 98
4.5. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɞɭɤɰɢɢ ....................................... 99
Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ ...................................................................................................................... 102
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ ............................................................................ 103
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ ......................................................................................................... 104
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ................................................................................. 105
....................................................... 108
5.1. ȼɢɯɪɟɜɨɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɩɨɥɟ…………...………………….. ................................. 108
5.2. Ɍɨɤ ɫɦɟɳɟɧɢɹ………………………………..…………………. ............................. 109
5.3. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ Ɇɚɤɫɜɟɥɥɚ ɞɥɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɹ..…. ...................................... 112
Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ………………………………………………………… .............................. 113
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ……………………………. ............................... 115
…. .......................................................... 116
6.1. ɋɜɨɛɨɞɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ ɜ RLC-ɤɨɧɬɭɪɟ………………...…. .................................... 116
6.2. ȼɵɧɭɠɞɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɨɥɟɛɚɧɢɹ. ɉɟɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɬɨɤ ................................ 120
6.3. Ɋɟɡɨɧɚɧɫ ɜ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɰɟɩɹɯ………….……………….. .................................. 127
6.4. ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ……………………… .................................... 130
6.5. ɍɪɚɜɧɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ…………………...... .................................... 132
6.6. ɉɥɨɫɤɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɚɹ ɜɨɥɧɚ……………………... ........................................ 137
6.7. ɗɧɟɪɝɢɹ ɢ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɜɨɥɧɵ………..… ...................................... 140
Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ………………………………………………………… .............................. 143
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ……………………………. ............................... 148
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ……………………………………………….. ............................... 149
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ………………………………. ................................ 152
.......................................................................................... 154
7.1. Ʉɪɚɬɤɚɹ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɹ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɣ ɨ ɩɪɢɪɨɞɟ ɫɜɟɬɚ .................................. 154
7.2. ɂɧɬɟɪɮɟɪɟɧɰɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ………………………..……………… ................................. 157
7.3. Ⱦɢɮɪɚɤɰɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ…………………………………...………… ................................ 163
7.4. ɉɨɥɹɪɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɫɜɟɬɚ…………………………………..………. ................................. 170
7.5. ȼɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɨɥɧ ɫ ɜɟɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ.. ...................................... 176
Ʉɪɚɬɤɢɟ ɜɵɜɨɞɵ………………………………………………………… .............................. 182
ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɢ ɩɨɜɬɨɪɟɧɢɹ……………………………. ............................... 183
ɉɪɢɦɟɪɵ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚɞɚɱ……………………………………………….. ............................... 184
Ɂɚɞɚɱɢ ɞɥɹ ɫɚɦɨɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ………………………………. ................................ 186
.......................................................................................................................... 188
......................................................................................... 189
......................................................................................................................... 190
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 1. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɮɢɡɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧɵ ɢ ɢɯ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɜ ɋɂ…. ......................... 190
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 2. ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɧɵɟ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɯ ɜɟɥɢɱɢɧ .. .............. 191
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 3. ɗɥɟɦɟɧɬɵ ɜɟɤɬɨɪɧɨɣ ɚɥɝɟɛɪɵ ..................................................................... 192
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ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 4. Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɵ ɢ ɮɨɪɦɭɥɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ
ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ .................................................................................................................... 193
ɉɪɢɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ 5. ɇɟɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɡɧɚɦɟɧɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ
ɜ ɢɫɬɨɪɢɢ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ ................................................................................... 199
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1 Ȼɟɫɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɩɭɫɤɚ ɢ ɬɨɪɦɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɜɢɝɚɬɟɥɟɣ
2 ȼɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɨɧɬɚɠɧɵɟ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ
3 ȼɨɥɨɤɨɧɧɨ-ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɬɟɯɧɢɤɚ. ɉɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ
4 ȼɨɥɨɤɨɧɧɨ-ɨɩɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɥɢɧɢɢ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɢ ɢɯ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɬ ɜɧɟɲɧɢɯ ɜɥɢɹɧɢɣ
5 ȼɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɞɭɲɧɵɯ ɥɢɧɢɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɢ
6 ȼɵɩɪɹɦɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɫɢɥɨɜɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɟ
7 Ƚɥɚɜɧɵɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɢ ɫɯɟɦɵ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɭɠɞ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
8 Ʉɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɨɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɚ
9 Ʉɨɧɫɬɪɭɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɭɫɢɥɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɜɭɤɨɜɨɣ ɱɚɫɬɨɬɵ
10 ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɜɬɨɪɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ
11 ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ ɬɟɩɥɨɫɧɚɛɠɟɧɢɹ
12 Ɇɟɬɨɞɵ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ
Ɇɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤɜɚɡɢɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɵɯ ɝɟɨɢɧɞɭɰɢɪɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɬɨɤɨɜ
13
ɧɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɫɟɬɢ
14 Ɇɢɤɪɨɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɥɟɪɵ ɞɥɹ ɫɢɫɬɟɦ ɚɜɬɨɦɚɬɢɤɢ
15 Ɇɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɟ ɪɟɥɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ, ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɵ
16 Ɇɨɞɟɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɩɬɢɦɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɩɥɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɨɤ
17 ɇɚɱɚɥɨ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ ɂɦɩɟɪɢɢ ɢ ɋɋɋɊ, ɤɚɤ ɩɪɨɛɥɟɦɚ ɬɟɯɧɨɰɟɧɨɡɚ
18 ɇɚɞɟɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɰɢɮɪɨɜɵɯ ɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ɉɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ. Ɍɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ. Ɉɰɟɧɤɢ
19 Ɂɚɳɢɬɚ ɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɨɬ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɝɨ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫɚ
20 Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɫɟɬɟɜɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ
21 Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɤɥɚɫɫɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɤɢ
22 Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɦɢɤɪɨɫɟɧɫɨɪɢɤɢ
23 Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɪɚɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɹ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ
24 Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɢ
25 ɉɨɢɫɤ ɞɟɮɟɤɬɨɜ ɜ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨ-ɤɨɧɬɚɤɬɨɪɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦɚɯ
26 ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɢɥɨɜɵɯ ɜɵɫɨɤɨɱɚɫɬɨɬɧɵɯ ɬɪɚɧɫɮɨɪɦɚɬɨɪɨɜ
27 ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɝɢɛɪɢɞɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɫɯɟɦ
28 ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɰɟɯɨɜɨɝɨ ɷɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ
ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚ ɩɨ ȺɋɍɌɉ: ɉɪɨɟɤɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɪɚɡɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ.
29
Ʉɨɦɩɥɟɤɬ ɜ ɞɜɭɯ ɬɨɦɚɯ.
30 ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚ ɩɨ ɄɂɉɢȺ
ɋɩɪɚɜɨɱɧɢɤ ɢɧɠɟɧɟɪɚ ɩɨ ɧɚɥɚɞɤɟ, ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɸ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
31
ɢ ɷɤɫɩɥɭɚɬɚɰɢɢ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɫɟɬɟɣ.
32 Ɍɟɪɦɨɞɢɧɚɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɢ ɷɤɫɟɪɝɟɬɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɜ ɬɟɩɥɨɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ
33 Ɍɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɦɢɤɪɨ- ɧɚɧɨɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɟ
34 ɍɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɥɟɣɧɨɣ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
35 ɍɹɡɜɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɦɢɤɪɨɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɨɪɧɵɯ ɪɟɥɟ ɡɚɳɢɬɵ. ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ
36 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. Ɍɟɨɪɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ
37 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɢɤɚ
ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɦɚɝɧɢɬɧɵɣ ɢɦɩɭɥɶɫ ɜɵɫɨɬɧɨɝɨ ɹɞɟɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɪɵɜɚ
38
ɢ ɡɚɳɢɬɚ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɧɟɝɨ
39 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɬɟɯɧɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ
40 ɗɥɟɤɬɪɨɨɛɨɪɭɞɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɫɟɬɟɣ, ɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ ɢ ɩɨɞɫɬɚɧɰɢɣ
ɇɚɢɦɟɧɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɤɧɢɝɢ
203
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