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Файл:Международный экзамен по английскому языку. Устный ответ
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Подготовка к устному ответу 61
lengthy planning battles whether Heathrow, another air
port or new site is finally chosen. By contrast, supporters
of Edinburgh and Glasgow are fighting to secure the extra
runway likely to be required in central Scotland in the long
term. Ministers are also under pressure over the environ
mental effects of unrestricted growth in air travel, but
argue international curbs must be agreed.
(The Scotsman, 2003)
*Task 19. Choose the best main thesis.
1. As a fiveyearold in the late 1930s, my parents took
me on a tour of London to see all the historic and famous
buildings in our capital.
On reaching Buckingham Palace in time for the Chang
ing of the Guard, I was none too impressed with the build
ing, thinking it rather grabby and in need of painting.
My mother assured me it was different inside so, being
me, I wanted to go inside.
I decided I would ask one of the guards to show me
around. I was taken home in high dudgeon, being told by
my father in no uncertain terms that only the King could
authorize a person’s entry and I was too lowly to be con
sidered.
Years later, in the 1970s, I was working for BT as a
personnel and training officer. BT decided to sponsor the
Duke of Edinburgh’s Award Scheme and I was nominated
in my area to organize the settingup of the scheme.
When the first person in our area attained his gold
award, I was asked to accompany him to London to receive
it at Buckingham Palace.
I walked up the famous red carpet and entered the por
tals of Buckingham Palace — my childhood dream had
come true.
62 Как успешно дать устный ответ
We were seated in the state dining room with other
award winners from the SouthWest, awaiting Prince Phil
lip’s attendance at the ceremony. Afterwards, I was given
a whistlestop tour of the state rooms by one of the mar
shals — it made my day.
I was very lucky to go to the Palace because after
that, due to bomb scares, ceremonies were transferred
to St James’s Palace, where I went twice more with gold
award winners.
On one occasion I acted as an usher, introducing HRH
to the SouthWest award winners. I almost forgot to
curtsey.
Two people who were very pleased for me were my
parents who, luckily, were still alive. Dreams can come
true.
(Muriel A. Milton)
a) …I walked up the famous red carpet and entered the
portals of Buckingham Palace — my childhood dream had
come true.
b) …Two people who were very pleased for me were my
parents who, luckily, were still alive. Dreams can come
true.
2. We have too many teeth. “We have 32 adult teeth
when we could probably get away with only 20,” says Dr
Gordon Watkins, from the British Dental Association. We
needed more teeth in the past because the Stone Age diet
consisted of coarse, rough foods that required more chew
ing power. This is one reason why many children need or
thodontic treatment.
Wisdom teeth are also a major design fault. They have
been passed down from our ancestors, who had larger jaws
and were more likely to have teeth knocked out acciden
Подготовка к устному ответу 63
tally. If that happened, the wisdom tooth would move for
wards to fill the gap.
(Daily Mail, 2007)
a) Wisdom teeth are also a major design fault.
b) …We have too many teeth. “We have 32 adult teeth
when we could probably get away with only 20,” says Dr
Gordon Watkins, from the British Dental Association.
3. The admirably adventurous Bruce Parry returns with
a hugely entertaining new series in which he spends time
sampling life with remote tribes.
This first episode finds him heading deep into Amazon
rainforest to meet the Matis people. The Matis encountered
their first Westerners in the Seventies, when loggers moved
on to their land and introduced them to such hitherto un
experienced delights as football, radio — and Western dis
eases.
Within a few years, a third of the Matis were wiped out,
leaving a population of fewer than 100. Incredibly, they
survived, and today the Matis maintain their traditional
way of life, using blowpipes to hunt wild pigs and monkeys
for food. But for Parry to be accepted into the tribe, he
must first endure their initiation rituals, which include
having the stinging juice of root being squeezed into his
eyes.
(Daily Mail, 2007)
a) The admirably adventurous Bruce Parry returns with
a hugely entertaining new series in which he spends time
sampling life with remote tribes.
b) Within a few years, a third of the Matis were wiped
out, leaving a population of fewer than 100.
64 Как успешно дать устный ответ
*Task 20. Brainstorm the following topics: Travelling, Shopping, Job
& Career, Communication. Develop the main thesis for the tasks below
Пример
by sea
by air
Means of transport
advantages disadvantages
Accomodation
hotel guesthouse
parking
garage
hostel
conveniencesfacilities
by land
water
gas
on foot
TRAVELLING
Packing
travelling
light
luggage
Types of travelling
seaside
mountains
south
money
tickets
clothes
business
journeytripvoyagetour
Destination
city
office
Aim
on
for
pleasure
Assignment 1.
What means of transport would you (prefer/recommend) to your
friend if he/she travelled on business to a foreign country?
Тема: Travelling.
Выбранная идея: A business trip abroad by plane.
Сфокусированная тема: A business trip abroad by air
has a lot of advantages.
Вопрос: What are the advantages of a business trip
abroad by air?
Главный тезис: I believe if I were sent on a business trip
to a foreign country, I would prefer to travel abroad by plane.
There are several reasons why I would choose this mode of
transport. Firstly, it would be the quickest way to reach the
place of destination; therefore, I’ll save time. Secondly, I like
Подготовка к устному ответу 65
travelling by air with comfort. Moreover it would cost me
nothing, because my firm would be responsible for all the
details of my business trip: money, tickets, accommodation.
Практика
1
TRAVELLING
Assignment 2.
Describe to your friend the most exciting holiday trip you have made.
Tell your friend about its advantages and disadvantages.
Assignment 3.
Complain to the hotel manager about your dissatisfaction with the
accommodation provided.
Assignment 4.
There are two well=known proverbs: “Time is money” and “It’s bet=
ter to wait than to be late”. Which one do you think is true? Prove it
with your own travel experience.
66 Как успешно дать устный ответ
2
SHOPPING
Assignment 1.
Some people think that shopping is boring. Others believe that shop=
ping is fun. Do you agree that you can combine shopping and leisure?
Assignment 2.
Shops are ideal plays to spend money. Do you agree? Why or why
not? Justify your answer.
3
JOB AND CAREER
Подготовка к устному ответу 67
Assignment 1.
What job would be more desirable for you:
• interesting
•prestigious
• rewarding?
Explain your choice. Give reasons.
Assignment 2.
Making a career is not always easy. Do you agree? Give reasons.
4
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Assignment 1.
Some people think that scientific researches are always progressive.
Other people believe that they are harmful. What is your point of view?
Assignment 2.
Some people think that the work of a scientist is dull and monot=
onous. Other people believe that it is exciting and creative. What is
your point of view?
Assignment 3.
Some people think that computers are giant brains. There is another
point of view: “Computers are machines that will do only what they are
told to do.” What is your opinion?
68 Как успешно дать устный ответ
5
COMMUNICATION
Assignment 1.
Prove the fact that body language is a very specific form of com=
munication. Justify your answer with the examples.
Assignment 2.
Some people think that in order to overcome language barriers you
need a bilingual translator (interpreter). Other people rely on learning
languages. Business people look forward to teaching their employees
abroad. What are your preferences?
Task 21. Take the following tasks and narrow them to a question
you could turn into a main thesis.
Пример
Describe a time when you and your friend sharply dis
agreed about an important issue. What was the outcome?
Тема: Disagreements between friends.
Выбранная идея: Serious disagreements between friends
about daily routine.
Подготовка к устному ответу 69
Сфокусированная тема: The outcome — not to share
household chores in the hostel.
Вопрос к сфокусированной теме: How could you solve
the household problems while living with your friends in
the hostel?
Главный тезис: I believe that the only reasonable way
to avoid any disagreements with my best friend connected
with our daily routine is not to share our household duties
at all and, therefore, to keep our friendship.
Практика
1. It has been said: “Not everything that is learned is
contained in books”. Compare and contrast knowledge from
experience with knowledge gained from books. In your
opinion, which source is more important?
2. Compare yourself of today and yourself five years
ago. In what ways are you the same or different?
3. In general, people are living longer now. How will
this change affect society?
4. Some people work more effectively during the day,
while other people work much more effectively at night.
Discuss which type of person you are. Give reasons and
examples for your opinion.
5. Imagine that you have received some land to use as
you wish. How would you use this land?
6. Some people prefer to play team sports, while others
prefer to play individual sports. Discuss the advantages of
each. Then show which you prefer and why.
7. Many families have important traditions that fami
ly members share. Tell about one of your family’s impor
tant traditions.
8. Choose a building that has a special meaning for you.
Explain why this building is important to you. Support
your explanation with specific details.
70 Как успешно дать устный ответ
9. Some high schools require all students to wear school
uniforms. Other high schools permit students to decide what
to wear to school. Which of these two school policies, do you
think, is better?
10. Do you agree or disagree with the following state
ment?
I think there is too much violence in movies.
Prove your point of view. Use specific examples.
11. People behave differently when they wear different
clothes. Do you agree that different clothes influence the
way people behave?
12. You want to persuade someone to study your native
language. What reasons would you give?
13. Think of the most important class you have ever tak
en. Why did you enjoy this class so much?
II. АРГУМЕНТАЦИЯ ГЛАВНОГО ТЕЗИСА
Роль главного тезиса велика. Главный тезис (ЧТО) ста
нет ключевой фразой вашего Введения. Более того, чем
оригинальнее и грамотнее вы сформулируете главный те
зис, тем эффективнее вам удастся справиться непосред
ственно с последующим структурированием мыслей. Од
нако аргументация главного тезиса (ПОЧЕМУ) так же
важна, как и сам тезис. Всегда помните о вашем реальном
слушателе (экзаменаторе), которому вы должны суметь
объяснить, что вы думаете по данному вопросу (главный
тезис) и почему вы так думаете (аргументация тезиса).
Пример 1.
Задание: What do you think about your generation?
Главный тезис: I think my generation believes that life
should be equal parts of work and rest, because money is
as important as freedom and independence.
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