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Файл:Международный экзамен по английскому языку. Устный ответ
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Подготовка к устному ответу 91
believe that my success will depend on my abilities. If my
business fails, I’ll give it up and start a new one. I’m a
risky person. Nothing can stop me.
My plans for future are rather ambitious: first of all,
I’ll work as an operating manager, then try to promote in
the sphere of the department management, and as a result,
I’ll do my best and try to become a top manager. I’ve chosen
to enter the department of the world economy in one of the
most prestigious universities of our country, and after my
graduation I hope to start my professional career in one
of the global companies.
Speaking about my hobbies I’d like to mention my passion
for music. I’ve got a wellequipped hifi system and a lot CDs
of different kind of music. You see, being a musician helps me
in making friends. We listen to music and discuss our favour
ites. We have common interests though our tastes differ.
In the end I would like to say that I’m an extrovert and I’ve
got a lot of friends. Friendship is the most important thing
in my life. Friends may be of different ages. But all my
friends are teenagers. However, real friends must be few. All
of them are responsible and reliable. I believe in friendship.
My Future Career
I would like to become a successful top manager. What
makes a good manager? First of all, the ability to commu
nicate, to get your ideas across and to listen to other people.
I am going to pass on skills, then to share insights and
experience; finally, to work closely with people to help
them be creative and useful.
A good manager must be confident in his own ability to
deal with difficult situations and show qualities of leadership
so that others will want to follow. I’ll try to do my best in
taking initiative and bringing fresh, creative ideas to old
problems. This includes a sense of honesty, trust and loyalty
92 Как успешно дать устный ответ
to the personnel under my control. I’ll plan, set up goals and
provide strategic perception. I should be able, however, to
look at myself objectively and analyze where I have disap
pointed people. Moreover, before making a decision I’ll need
time to think it over. On top of everything, I like planning
exactly what I am going to do. Finally, I’ll try to avoid situ
ations which lead to stress.
I know that it is difficult to foresee what will happen
in future, but I believe that my success will depend to a
large degree on me and my abilities. If the business doesn’t
bring any profit, I’ll give it up easily and start a new one,
because I like the excitement of taking risks. Frankly
speaking, if I decide to do something, nothing will stop me.
In order to become a successful manager, firstly, I should
finish my secondary school and, secondly, enter the univer
sity. After receiving a higher education I should be out
with people, talking to lowerlevel employees and getting
their feedback on problem areas. I should be making short
speeches and handing out awards, perks and bonuses. Be
sides, I would be traveling throughout the firms and com
panies, signing contracts and developing business contacts.
I am sure that the best manager is eager to deal with new
issues, be openminded and rules the roost. Furthermore,
a good manager should not change his mind too frequently
after a major decision has been made. Nevertheless, working
long hours is not necessarily a measurement of leadership and
efficiency. Above all, job satisfaction is as important for me
as money motivation and good working conditions. In con
clusion, I am able to persuade people to follow me.
It is difficult to predict your future career, but it is up
to you to choose a professional area that you are interested
in. Thus I should not resist the opportunity for a highlevel
university education in order to get a prestigious job with
some promotion prospects.
Подготовка к устному ответу 93
We are undoubtedly moving towards a global economy,
due to which global managers will be in great demand. As
for me, I prefer a managerial career in one of the dynamic
companies which can react quickly to changes in the mar
ket. I realize the job market is getting more and more com
petitive, there are many important changes taking place in
the workplace. Companies will require people who are flex
ible and responsible. So, I have to keep with the demand for
change and develop my creative skills. They (companies) will
also need people who can work cooperatively and get on well
in a team. Thus, English will probably remain the interna
tional business language to make a manager feel comfort
able working with people from other cultures and coping with
cultural differences. On the other hand, new technology has
become the driving force behind the rapidly changing work
place. Unfortunately, all this new technology is changing
the way we work and offering many alternative ways of
working. For example, working from home connected to the
Internet may give you flexibility — to live where you want,
to continue your studies and have a lot more free time.
Глава 4. ПОРЯДОК ДЕЙСТВИЙ НА УСТНОМ
ЭКЗАМЕНЕ
Подытоживая все выше сказанное, можно сформулиро
вать последовательность действий при ответе на устный
вопрос. При этом необходимо учитывать, что на осмысле
ние всего процесса вам отводится несколько секунд, а про
должительность самого ответа составит не более 60 секунд.
Таким образом, для успешного ответа на устный вопрос
вам необходимо осуществить следующие шаги:
• получить вопрос (task)
• определить тему (subject words)
94 Как успешно дать устный ответ
• осмыслить указания (direction words)
• определить языковую функцию сообщения (language
function)
• выявить потенциального слушателя (target listener)
• выработать языковой стиль общения (formal, informal,
semiformal)
• грамотно организовать высказывание:
четко структурировать — введение, главный тезис и
его аргументация, заключение;
эффективно использовать переходы (transitions), раз
говорные клише (conversational formulas);
продемонстрировать естественный темп речи, пра
вильную интонацию, соответствующие жесты и ми
мику.
В результате правильно выполненного алгоритма дей
ствий ваш устный ответ должен выглядеть так: (время
ответа составляет не более 60 секунд):
Абзац Содержание Пояснения
I. Введение главный тезис что именно вы хотите сообщить
вашему собеседнику по данному
вопросу, какова главная идея
вашего сообщения
II. Аргументация аргументы что вы думаете по данному
главного тезиса вопросу (главный тезис)
и почему вы так думаете
(аргументация тезиса)
III. Заключение перефразиро что вы хотели сообщить вашему
ванный главный слушателю по данному вопросу
тезис
Пример
Assignment: Your country is going to build a new na
tional institute or university. What academic area should
Подготовка к устному ответу 95
be the main focus of the establishment? Use specific reasons
and examples. Support your answer.
I. Введение (главный тезис)
I am too concerned about the way we live, and I think
about building up a great scientific centre.
I advise to build a National Multidisciplinary Research
Institute (NMRI) for natural sciences and technologies to
protect Russian economy and develop international contacts.
II. Аргументация главного тезиса
1. Research at the boundary between science, practice
and society.
Firstly, NMRI should develop, construct and operate
complex research installations requiring high standards of
knowledge, experience and professionalism. Secondly, NMRI
is to become a leading user available to the national and in
ternational research. In Germany, for example, each year ap
proximately 800 external researchers use the facilities at
Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI) for their experiments. More
over, working closely at the boundary between science, prac
tice and society NMRI could assume an important educational
role, like PSI where at present around 240 doctoral candidates
are carrying out their researches.
2. Sustainable use of the ecology.
Not only will NMRI concentrate on projects that are rel
evant to sustainable use of natural resources, but also solve
related problems. On top of everything, NMRI will trans
form its research results for general practical use as well
as (for use) by public administrators and the government.
3. My solution of the problem is in building up a great
scientific centre.
If I were asked to decide whether to build a national re
search institute or some university, I would prefer the first
96 Как успешно дать устный ответ
one. Although Russia has a great demand in new educational
establishments, it would be (much) more reasonable to
develop a unique centre, conducting solidstate research
vital to the technological development and competitiveness
of the Russian economy.
Key points for research aim to strengthen the position
of NMRI as a user laboratory.
Conclusion
Take care of the environment, and the environment will
take care of you. If sustainable use of raw materials were
under control of the government, we would provide the fu
ture generations with all the necessary things. The environ
ment in which people can live, work and enjoy a sense of
wellbeing — the responsibility is ours, today and tomorrow.
*Task 34. Read the answers below and define all the aspects ac=
cording to the following chart.
Theme Voca Lan Target Style Main Supporting
bulary guage listener thesis ideas
function
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1. Пример
Six years later I had my degree, which I collected at a
wonderful ceremony in the summer. I am still at the same
factory at the moment but this degree has completely opened
Подготовка к устному ответу 97
up my world. I’ve been offered interviews for all kinds of
jobs, including the civil service, and a place at teachertrain
ing college to do a postgraduate course, and there are so
many careers I now have the confidence to pursue.
So many doors have opened in my life, and it’s solely
down to my degree and the fact that the OU (Open Univer
sity) seems to be so highly regarded by so many employers.
I’m still living in my home town in Belfast but should
I so choose, opportunities exist for me throughout North
ern Ireland and Great Britain. I can’t believe the number
of options my qualification has given me.
(Daily Mail, 2007)
1.
Theme Voca Lan Target Style Main Supporting
bulary guage listener thesis ideas
function
The Degree, narration Career informal The •opened up
Open post oriented (I’ve Open my world
Univer grad people been Univer • I’ve been
sity uate, offered, sity can offered
qualif my life, provide interviews
ication, I’m, the in for all kin ds
Open can’t, spiration of jobs
Univer it’s sole and • a place at
sity, ly down study teacher
teacher to…, path you training
training I’m still require college to do
college living…) a postgrad
uate course
• it’s solely
down to my
degree
•the fact that
the OU
seems to be
so highly
regarded by
so many
employers
98 Как успешно дать устный ответ
Практика
2. Parliament chooses the president in a series of up to
four votes. To be elected in the first or second round, a
candidate needs 367 votes, or twothirds of the 550 seats.
If the election goes to a third round, a candidate needs only
an absolute majority, or 276 votes.
The AK Party, which won 47 percent of the vote in a
general election last month, has 341 members of Parlia
ment and can thus expect to have its candidate elected in
the third round even if it fails to secure victory in the first
two rounds. If a fourth round produces no winner, another
parliamentary election must be called.
The Constitutional Court ruled in May that votes in the
presidential election are valid only if twothirds of Parlia
ment members are in the chamber at the time. This ruling
derailed Foreign Minister Abdullah Gul’s first bid, but at
least two opposition parties have said they will attend this
time, ensuring a quorum.
(International Herald Tribune, August, 2007)
3. Now you can eliminate the wet, messy, timecon
suming task of defrosting your freezer and there’s no
need to let good food go to waste whilst you spend hours
painfully defrosting your clogged up freezer. This new
groundbreaking AntiFrost Mat prevents icy buildup in
your freezer.
You’ll never again need to chip and hack away at lay
ers of ice to get to your frozen goods. Instead, place this
speciallycoated mat on the bottom of your freezer and
frost won’t have a chance to form. With no frost buildup
in your freezer, the antifrost mat helps minimize block
ages in freezer drainage tubes that can lead to ‘icebergs’.
Product size is a generous 47 cm x 24 cm.
(Daily Mail, 2007)
Подготовка к устному ответу 99
4. The tendency to muddle and mispronounce words cre
ated the spoonerism, in which words or parts of words are
transposed, often with humorous results. The spoonerism
was named after the celebrated Reverend William Archibald
Spooner (1844–1930), who often fumbled with his words in
such a way (to this day the Middle Common Room of New
College, Oxford, where he was Dean and Warden, is infor
mally known as ‘The Rooner Spoom’ in his honour).
The following list includes some of Dr Spooner’s most
famous utterances.
I remember your name perfectly, but I just can’t think
of your face.
It is kisstomary to cuss (customary to kiss) the bribe.
Let us drink to the queer old Dean (dear old Queen).
Please sew me to another sheet (show me to another seat)
Sir, you have tasted two whole worms (wasted two whole
terms); you have hissed all my mystery lectures (missed all
my history lectures) and have been caught fighting a liar
(lighting a fire) in the quad; you will leave Oxford by the
town drain (down train).
The cat popped on its drawers (dropped on its paws).
We’ll have the hags flung out (flags hung out).
Yes, indeed, the Lord is a shoving leopard (loving
shepherd).
A blusting crow (crushing blow).
A wellbolled icicle (welloiled bicycle).
Nosey little cook (cosy little nook).
Tons of soil (sons of toil).
(Daily Mail, 2007)
5. Sir, Your report on the proposed changes to the uni
versity research funding system claimed that state fund
ing for toprated departments will be spread wider across
the sector. The spread remains, however, relatively limited
100 Как успешно дать устный ответ
and research funding concentration is still a priority for
the government.
More than 21 mln pounds has been deducted from depart
ments judged to have research of “national excellence in
virtually all research activity” in the measures. There has
been a 43 per reduction of funding for these departments
since 2001–02. The reduction is putting continued exist
ence of some departments in jeopardy. A quarter of all re
searchactive staff in the UK — 12,000 academics — are
working in these departments.
While the extra funding for the toprated departments
is welcome, reducing the funding for other outstanding
departments is unnecessary and unproductive, and appears
to amount to a policy of robbing Peter to pay Paul.
(Financial Times, 2003)
6. A perfect ripe peach should be soft, but not squelchy
and should be blemishfree. The best way to check is to pick
it up and take a sniff. It should be completely fragrant —
no fragrance equals no flavour. Serves four.
Ingredients
175 g golden caster sugar
1 vanilla pod, split in two
5 cardamom pods
Zest and juice 1 lime
6 apricots, halved and stoned
3 nectarines, quartered and stoned
3 peaches, quartered and stoned
Method
Heat oven to 220 c/fan 200 c/gas 7.
Tip the sugar, vanilla pod, cardamom, lime zest and
juice into a food processor, then blitz until blended, or
mash together using a pestle and mortar.
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