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Файл:Английский язык для магистров в сфере государственного и муниципального управления = English for masters in state and municipal management. Практикум.pdf
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4. I'm sure you could mend this if you really tried. You must be / can't be using
the right tools.
5. I've just rung the garage to check whether they've fixed my car, but I can't get
an answer. I suppose they may have / may be having a tea-break out in the yard.
6. I don't know why you wanted to stay at that party. You might have enjoyed /
can't have enjoyed talking to all those boring people.
7. I can't go out this morning. We're getting a new sofa and the store may be
delivering / must be delivering it today.
8. You'll have to check these figures again. They're not accurate. You might
have been concentrating / can't have been concentrating when you added them up.
9. You must be / must have been thirsty after carrying those heavy boxes. Shall I
make some tea?
Ex. 3 Complete the conversations with suitable verbs
1. JUAN: Maria says her father's a farmer.
PAUL: But he can't be! They live in the middle of Madrid.
2. JANE: Oh, no. This carrier bag's split.
KATE: You must ..have put.. too much in it. They're not very strong, you
know.
3.
MARK: Nigel says he met your sister in Berlin.
AMY: But he can't ............... her there! She's never been to Germany.
4.
JIM: Where can I find out about visas for the US?
JOE: Pia might ............... about that sort of thing. She used to work in a travel
agency.
GARY: This letter says you owe the bank £5,000.
5.
PHILIP: It must ............... a mistake. I don't even have a bank account.
6. SUE: Shall we go to the concert?
BETH: I'd like to, but you'd better phone first. They may ...............all the
tickets.
7. BERT: Do you know where my address book is?
MAY: It could ................. in the hall cupboard. I think I saw it there the other
day.
8. DAVE: Why didn't Sally come to work in her car today?
TONY: She didn't say. She could ................. it to her sister, I suppose
Ex. 4 Choose the correct form of the verbs
1. JOHN: Can you help me with these letters?
IRIS: (1) Must we do / Should we do them now? Can't they wait until the
morning?
JOHN: No. I (2) must have posted / should have posted them this morning, really.
IRIS: Oh, all right then.
KEN: Where's Sally? She (3) must be / should be here by now.
2.
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JOHN: I don't know what's happened to her. She (4) must have missed / should
have missed the train.
3. MARY: Happy birthday. I've brought you a present.
NEIL: Oh, you (5) needn't bother / needn't have bothered.
MARY: That's OK.
NEIL: Well, thanks very much.
4.
PETER: I'm going to Neil’s birthday party this evening. Do you think I (6)
must / ought to take him a present?
RAY: Well, you (7) mustn't / don't have to. I'm sure he doesn't expect one. But
personally I don't think you (8) should arrive / must arrive at a party without anything
for your host.
5. At Neil’s party
NEIL: Why isn't Andrew here? Is he too busy?
PETER: He told me he hadn't been invited. He's gone away for the weekend.
NEIL: Oh, dear. His invitation (9) must get lost / must have got lost in the post.
Ex. 5 Fill the gaps in the sentences with must(n't), need(n't) or should(n't).
1. We've run out of paperclips. I ................. get some more in the morning.
2. You ................ finish that report tonight if you're too tired. Midday tomorrow
is the deadline.
3. What are you doing here? ................... you be at the meeting downtown?
4. He really ................have told his brother about this deal. It was supposed to
be absolutely confidential.
5. You ................ clean the office because we haven't been using it today, but
could you tidy the shelves in the storeroom, please?
6. You .................. make so much noise. We'll be asked to leave otherwise.
7. I'm going to be in trouble. I................ have posted these yesterday afternoon
and I completely forgot.
8. You................have typed this - a handwritten note would have been quite
adequate.
9. The meeting's finished. We ................ find out what's been decided any
moment now.
Ex. 6 Complete the second sentence using the correct form of must, need, should or have to without changing the meaning
Example : It is vital to wear a helmet when you ride a motorbike. You must
wear a helmet when you ride a motorbike.
1. I expect we'll get the contract because we offered the best price.
We offered the best price so we ................
2. It isn't necessary for us to spend a long time in the museum if it's not
interesting.
We ................
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3. It was wrong of you to speak to my mother like that.
You . ................
4. She promised to phone me before lunch. It's seven o'clock now.
She .................. by now.
5. I made far more sandwiches than we needed.
I .................. so many sandwiches.
6. It's essential that my father doesn't find out what I've done.
My father ................
7. In my opinion it would be wrong for them to move house now.
I don't think they . ................
8. My sister offered me a lift so it wasn't necessary for me to call a taxi.
As my sister offered me a lift, I................
9. I suggest it's a good idea to check the timetable before we leave.
We ................
Ex. 7 Supply can, can't, could, couldn't, was/were able to, managed to.
Alternatives are possible
1. A good 1500-metre runner ................ run the race in under four minutes.
2. Bill is so unfit he ................... run at all!
3. Our baby is only nine months and it ................ already stand up.
4. When I was younger, I................ speak Italian much better than I…. now.
5. ...... she speak German very well? - No, she ................. speak German at all.
6. He ................ draw or paint at all when he was a boy, but now he's a famous
artist.
7. After weeks of training, I ................. swim a length of the baths underwater.
8. It took a long time, but in the end Tony ................ save enough to buy his own
hi-fi.
9. Did you buy any fresh fish in the market? - No, I.................... get any.
10. For days the rescuers looked for the lost climbers in the snow. On the fourth
day they saw them and .................. reach them without too much trouble.
Ex. 8 Supply must have been, can't/couldn't have been, have to/had to (be),
didn't have to (be)
1. He knows a lot about flying planes. He ... must have been........ a pilot when
he was young.
2. Vera ................ at the supermarket this morning. I didn't see her there.
3. John ................ at the bank till 10, so he only arrived here five minutes ago.
4. When................ (she) ................. at the hospital? – Early this morning.
5. We had enough foreign currency left at the end of the holiday, so I................
buy any more.
6. Monica knew exactly what to do. I ................ tell her twice.
7. There are so many nice things for tea, I think you .................. expecting us.
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8. There ................. an accident on South Street because the road is closed off.
9. You ................. waiting long. After all, I'm only five minutes late.
10. When I was a boy we................ sitting at our desks working before the boss
got in.
11. I left a message on your answer phone last night. You ................. out.
12. The fire alarm went and we ................ out of the building in two minutes.
Ex. 9 Put in must be/must have been, can't be/can't have been, had to be or
didn't have to be
THE MYSTERY OF THE TALKING SHOE
Tracy Evans (1) didn’t have to be at work till ten, so she ignored her alarm
clock. But she woke up with a start when she heard a strange sound coming from her
wardrobe!
What was it? It (2)................a mouse, Tracy thought. No, it (3). .................. She
knew there were no mice in her room. “I (4)................careful”, Tracy said to herself
as she opened the wardrobe. There, in front of her, was the lovely pair of wedgeshaped sandals she had bought the day before. Then she heard the sound again! 'It
(5)................ coming from my sandals!' she cried. She picked them up and, sure
enough, one of them was 'talking'! Tracy (6). .............. at work at ten, but she still had
enough time to visit Mr. Lucas, her shoemaker. He removed the wooden heel and
they were both amazed to see a white larva eating the wood. Mr. Pope, of the Natural
History Museum, solved the mystery. These shoes (7)................(import) from Brazil.
An insect (8). ............... (lay) its eggs in the tree from which the shoes were made,' he
explained.
Shall
(for offers and suggestions)
Ex. 10 Make offers for the following situations
1. An old lady clearly wants to put her large suitcase on the luggage rack
Shall I put the suitcase on the rack (for you)?
2. A young woman is shivering and the window is open.
3. Your friend accidentally drops some sheets of paper on the floor.
Ex. 11 Make suggestions to a friend for the following situations. You feel like ...
driving to the coast Shall we drive to the coast?
1.
2. having a meal out this evening. ...............
3. travelling first class. . ...............
4. having a holiday in Bahia . ...............
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in on away up out off (x2
1
call in
A
search for and find a particular thing amongst your
possessions
2
go down with
B
have friendly relations with each other
3
take off
C
become ill, especially with an infectious disease
4
look out
D
ask somebody to come, invite
5
dress up
E
copy the way someone speaks or behaves in order to
entertain people
6
get on (with
F
wear special clothes
Ex. 12 Fill each gap with a suitable preposition. Use each preposition once
only
1. I’m going to give ............... all these old clothes to charity.
2. Is there a fitting room near here? I’d like to try ............... these trousers.
3. Why don’t you turn the TV ............... if you are not watching it?
4. I’ll have to speak to him again, we haven’t settled all the questions because
we were cut ............... .
5. Could you take me ................ for a couple of nights?
6. He couldn’t make ............... what the sign said, because it was so foggy.
7. There was a huge traffic jam on M-25, all vehicles were held ...............by an
accident.
Ex. 13
A. Match the phrasal verbs with their definitions, learn them by heart
Phrasal verbs
See Appendix 3 to help you
B. Complete the sentences with one of the phrasal verbs in Part A in a
correct form.
1. Since their argument they haven’t...............
2. Police have been ............... to help find missing Sandra Day, aged 9.
3. He went to the party ............... as a Chicago gangster.
4. He was too weak to fight the disease and when she ...............with typhus she
died.
5. He was punished for ............... his teacher.
6. I’ll ............... some of my old English books for you to read.
7. I keep a box of old clothes for the children to ................ in.
8. She didn’t ............... her new boss so she found another job.
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Introducing yourself
General
Excuse me. I don't think we've met. My name's Jane.
How do you do? I'm Bob
Hello. My name's Bob.
Informal
Hello! You must be Bob. I'm Jane.
Oh, hello! I'm Bob.
about you.
Formal
Allow me to introduce myself: Jane Higgins.
How do you do?
Introducing someone else
General
Bob Robertson.
How do you do?
Do you two know each
Higgins.
(No,) I don't think so. How do you do?
Informal
you? Bob-Jane, Jane-Bob.
Hi/Hello, Bob.
Formal
our new managing director.
(How do you do?) I'm delighted to
Greeting someone you have met before
General
Bob/Mr Robertson. How are you?
Very well, thank you. How are you?
UNIT 8
SOCIALIZING IN BUSINESS
Business people are aware that success in one's career depends to a great extent,
on one's ability to communicate effectively. When doing business, one has to
communicate not only on the actual aspects of the business, but also in a variety of
social situations, while travelling on business receiving visitors and developing
relationships with business partners.
How do you do? -My name's Jane. Hello. I'm Jane.
Hi! I'm Jane.
May I/Let me introduce myself: Jane Higgins.
This is Bob Robertson.
Pleased to meet you.
Jane, I'd like you to meet
other? Bob Robertson - Jane
(Yes,) we've already met, actually.
Richards.
Hello! I've heard a lot
Pleased to meet you.
How do
you do?
Bob, meet Jane.
Hi, good/nice to meet you.
You don't know Bob, do
I'd like to/Let me/Allow me
meet you, Mr Robertson.
to introduce Bob Robertson,
Morning/Afternoon/Evening/ Hello,
Hi/Hello,
Jane.
How do
you do?
Fine, thanks. And you?
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looking very well.
And you.
Informal
(with you)?
(I'm) on top of the world, thanks.
Formal
(keeping) well?
Yes, I'm extremely well, thank you.
Taking leave of someone
General
Goodbye. / Goodnight.
Informal
See you (soon / later/ next week)!
Formal
It's been a great pleasure talking to you.
(Very) good/nice to see you.You're
Hi (there), Jane. How's life?
Hello (there), Jane. How are things
Good morning /Good afternoon./
Good evening./ Hello!
I trust you're
Can't complain. Mustn't grumble.
Not too bad (thanks).
I'm in excellent health, thank you (very
much).
Excuse me a moment/minute.
I'll be back in a minute.
I'm afraid I (really) must go now.
It's been very nice/interesting talking to you.
I'll be right back.
Hang on a second/moment.
Well, (I'm afraid) I must be off/I must dash, now.
Bye (for now)!
Cheerio!/ Cheers!
Will/Would you excuse me for a moment, please?
I'm afraid I must/shall have to leave you for a moment/minute or two.
I'm very glad to have met you.
8.1 Reading comprehension
(Doorbell rings.)
Peter Hello, John. Nice to see you. Come in. How are you?
John Fine, thanks, Peter. And how are you? I expect your patients are keeping
you busy at this time of year?
Peter Ah, well. I can't really complain. Let me take your coat. There we are.
Well, now. I don't think you've met Ann Patterson, have you? Ann, this is John
Middleton. He's the local schoolteacher.
Ann Oh! How do you do?
John How do you do?
Homes
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Ann Well, that's very interesting. Perhaps you'll he looking after my son.
Peter Yes, that’s right. Ann and her family have just waived into the old barn,
up by the village hall. They're in the process of doing it up now.
Ann Yes, there's an awful lot needs doing, of course. (Doorbell rings.)
Peter Er, please excuse me for a moment. I think that was the doorbell.
John Well, if I can give you a hand with anything ... I'm something of a
handyman in my spare time, you know. I live just over the road.
Ann That's very kind of you. I'm an architect myself, so ... Oh, look! There's
someone I know. Eileen!
Eileen Ann, fancy seeing you here! How’s life?
Ann Oh, mustn't grumble. Moving’s never much fun though, is it? Anyway,
how are things with you? You're still at the same estate agent's, I suppose?
Eileen Oh yes, I can't see myself leaving, well, not in the foreseeable future.
Ann Oh, I quite forgot. Do you two know each other?
John Yes, actually, we've met on many occasions. Hello, Eileen. You see, we
play in the same orchestra.
Ann Oh, really? I didn't know anything about that.
Eileen Yes, actually, just amateur stuff, you know—once a week—I come down
from London when I can get a baby-sitter for Joanna.
Paul Er . . . excuse me, I hope you don't mind my butting in. My name's Paul
Madison. I couldn't help overhearing what you said about an orchestra.
John Come and join the party. I'm John Middleton. This is Ann Patterson and
Eileen ... er ... I'm terribly sorry, I don't think I know your surname?
Eileen Hawkes. Pleased to meet you, Paul. You play an instrument, do you?
Paul Yes, I'm over here on a scholarship to study the bassoon (loud yawn from
Ann) at the Royal Academy of Music for a couple of years ...
Ann Oh, I am sorry. It must be all that hard work on the barn . ..
Paul Well, anyway . . .
Ex. 1 Read the text. Pay attention to the words of greetings and
introduction which are used in the text.
Ex 2 What were the exact words used in the conversation to express the
following?
1. It's possible that my son will be your pupil.
2. They're restoring it now.
3. Do you need any help?
4. I didn't expect to see you here.
5. I think I'll stay for a while.
6. Excuse me for interrupting.
Ex. 3 Describe what you know about Ann and Eileen's relationship. How
does it differ from John and Eileen's relationship?
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8.2 Speaking
Making an Introduction.
Situation: Michael Hill is the Area Sales Manager of a small company
manufacturing bathroom equipment. He is attending a 2-day conference on marketing
strategies in Bucharest. It's the coffee break and there seem to be no familiar faces
around. He's going to start a conversation with another participant.
Michael Hi! My name’s Michael Hill. What's your name?
Mirela Oh, it's a privilege to meet you. Please, allow me to introduce myself.
I'm Mirela Pop.
Michael Who do you work for, Mirela?
Mirela My company is Bliss Cosmetics. We are a multinational that designs and
produces the world-famous biological Bliss range. We're quite big... you may have
heard of us. Our turnover's roundabout £70m and we've got a work force of over
1,200. I'm the Finance Manager of the Romanian branch. Our head office is in
Timisoara, but I'm working in our Bucharest office at the moment. What about you
and your company?
Michael I work for a firm of bathroom designers. Bathroom Perfect, we're
called. We install bathroom equipment, mostly in hotels. I'm Area Sales Manager.
We are based in a city called Bath and we've got offices all over the country. Our
turnover's almost £7m and we employ about 100 people full time. I've been with this
company for three years now.
Ex. 1 Read the conversation and answer the questions
1. Is the conversation below suitable for the situation described above?
2. What can you say about the way the two characters introduce themselves?
3. Are they doing it in a neutral, formal, or informal way?
4. Do you think they handle the conversation appropriately, or can their dialogue
be improved?
Ex. 2 Decide which would be the most appropriate way of greeting people in each of the following situations
1. A trade delegation from Japan is visiting your country. As public relation
officer you have been asked to look after them. Greet the visitors, then introduce
yourself and state your position in the company.
2. You have made appointments to meet a World Bank expert on two previous
occasions but something has always gone wrong. Finally you meet.
3. Someone has just arrived in your department to do a one-week computer
training course.
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4. You are meeting your counterpart in another subsidiary.
5. You are meeting Sue Henry, a customer from Britain, at the airport. She’s
going to spend a couple of days in your country. Identify yourself and your company.
6. A new colleague has just arrived at the office. Greet him/her and introduce
yourself and your other colleagues.
Initiating a Conversation
Ex. 3 Here are some of the questions. Match each of them (1-7) with the
appropriate reply (a-g) from those listed below
1. Do you have to travel a lot on business, Fiona?
2. How well do you know London, Dan?
3. You're from Bucharest, aren't you?
4. You live in London, don't you?
5. How's the Hilton? I've heard it's very good.
6. How are you enjoying your stay in London?
7. Have you ever been to Romania?
a. Yes, that's right. I've got a small flat in the centre.
b. Yes, it's fine. Very comfortable. Excellent service, too.
c. Not very much, a couple of times a year, mostly to Central and Eastern
Europe.
d. Yes, I was on holiday near Brasov last summer. I enjoyed it very much.
e. No, I come from the west of the country, a city called Timisoara.
f. Very much. It's a beautiful city and not at all as foggy as I imagined.
g. Not at all. It's my first time here.
Ex. 4 Now you 'd like to put an end to the small talk and start talking about
the details of your business. How can you change the subject from social
conversation to business matters?
1. Which of the following phrases are appropriate when ending the small talk
with someone you don't know well. In what context would you say the following:
"Let's get down to business!"
"Perhaps we could talk about the subject of our meeting."
"Let's get started! "
“Perhaps we could talk about the reason I’m here”.
2. Decide what expressions one can use in the following situations when
changing the subject to business matters:
1. At a monthly training session with colleagues.
2. In a visit to a potential customer.
3. Before making a speech at an office party.