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Файл:Английский язык для магистров в сфере государственного и муниципального управления = English for masters in state and municipal management. Практикум.pdf
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TV sets and a light aircraft. He's likely to remain world champ, unless you
(8)………….. (want) to challenge him, of course!
Ex. 4 Use the correct present tense form. Say what the context for each extract could be, written and/or spoken.
1. Let me explain what you have to do. First you (1)… .............. (take) the photos
and (2)………….. (sort) them into categories. Then you (3)………….. (file) them
according to subject.
2. We (4)………….. (hope) you (5)………….. (enjoy) this marvellous weather
as much as we are. We (6)………….. (sunbathe) and (7)………….. (go) swimming
every day. Next week we (8)………….. (go) snorkelling.
3. The play is set in London in 1890. The action (9)………….. (take) place in
Sir Don Wyatt's mansion. When the curtain (10)………….. (go) up, the hero and
heroine (11)………….. (sit) in the lounge. They (12)… .............. (argue).
4. The house is in a mess because we've got the workmen in. The plumber
(13)………….. (put) in a new bath, the electricians (14)………….. (rewire) the
system, and the carpenter (15)………….. (build) us some new bookshelves!
5. Dear Jane, Sorry to hear about your problem at work. I (16) .................. (think)
you (17)………….. (do) the right thing, but I (18)………….. (doubt) whether your
boss really (19)………….. (know) his job from what you (20) .................. (tell) me!
6. Pym (21)………….. (pass) to Smith, who (22)… .............. (run) straight at the
central defence and (23)………….. (shoot) and Gomez (24)… .............. (push) it over
the bar for a corner.
Ex. 5 Put in the present simple or present continuous. Note where both
forms are possible
A holiday job with a difference!
I (1) am studying (study) English at Exeter University. I'm on holiday at the
moment and I (2)………….. (work) in a public library. I'm lucky to have this job. I
(3)………….. (not have to) get up early. The library (4)………….. (open) at 10 and
(5)………….. (close) at 7. It's interesting work because people (6)… ............... (always
come in) and (7)………….. (ask) me to help them, so I (8)………….. (learn) a lot
about different subjects. I (9)………….. (enjoy) the job and (10)………….. (find) it
very amusing, too. People (11)………….. (use) the strangest things as bookmarks. I
have found a rasher of bacon (uncooked!). Matchsticks (12)………….. (be) common
and so (13)………….. (be) bus tickets. My colleagues (14)………….. (always find)
things too - even a £10 note, but I haven't been so lucky! I often (15)…………..
(think) of the photo of a beautiful woman which I found. On the back were the words:
'I (16)………….. (love) you. I (17)………….. (miss) you and I'll never forget you.'
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Ex. 6 Underline an appropriate phrasal verb
1. Now the petrol is more expensive. The prices went up / took up / made up
two days ago.
2. At least they had enough money. So they decided to look into / look out /
make out a new house.
3. This time you have to find out / look out / make out everything by yourself.
4. Give over / give up / get on arguing. It has no sense.
5. If you have any problems, please, look to / get to / get on me any time you
need.
6. He made up / made for / made out his losses in a week.
Ex. 7 Translate from English into Russian.
1. You must work out the answer by yourself.
2. I looked for better things from him.
3. The carpet has been taken up.
4. He is looking for a trouble.
5. I shall make up the difference from my own pocket.
6. She asked to pick her up from the station at 11 p.m.
7. Look out! This cross is very dangerous.
8. He decided to take on a new sales manager.
9. I must turn it over.
I can’t make him out.
10.
11.He is getting on for 70.
12.He made out some examples.
Phrasal verbs
See Appendix 3 to help you
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UNIT 2
COMPANY HISTORY
2.1 Reading comprehension
William Colgate founded the Colgate Company in 1806 as a starch, soap and
candle business in New York City. For the first one hundred years, the company did
all its business in the United States. However, in the early 1900s, the company began
an aggressive expansion programme that led to the establishment of Colgate
operations in countries throughout Europe, Latin America and the Far East. Recently
it has set up operations in Turkey, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, Eastern Europe and China.
Colgate-Palmolive has become a truly global consumer products company, worth
$6.6 billion and selling in more than 160 countries.
Colgate-Palmolive's five main sectors of business are: Oral Care, Body Care,
Household Surface Care, Fabric Care , Pet Nutrition and Health Care. In the area of
Oral Care, Colgate-Palmolive is the world leader in toothpaste. Since 1980, the
company has increased its share of this market by more than 12% to over 40% today.
Oral care revenues have grown significantly in recent years and in 1991, they
exceeded $1.3 billion. As a result of the company's heavy investment in research and
technology, it has developed many successful toothpastes, rinses and toothbrushes.
To strengthen its presence in professional products, Colgate-Palmolive bought the
Ora Pharm Company of Australia and the dental therapeutics business of Scherer
Laboratories USA in 1990.
For many years, the company has had a strong dental education programme in
schools throughout the world and has maintained a close partnership with the
international dental community. Recently Colgate-Palmolive has enlarged its school
education programmes to cover rural areas as well as townships in developing
countries. For the last three years, the company has been a major sponsor of the
International Dental Congress, the world's largest and most prestigious dental
meeting.
The company always pays close attention to the environment. It has already
made great progress in the use of recyclable bottles and packaging materials. In 1990
the American Council on Economic Priorities chose Colgate-Palmolive as one of the
four most socially responsible companies in the United States.
Ex. 1 Read the text and say whether these statements are true or false
1. For the first hundred years the company did its business in countries through
Europe, Latin America and the Far East.
2. In the early 1900s the company greatly expanded.
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1
Expansion
A
The part of smth that belongs to you or that should be
paid for or done by you
2
Establishment of
B
To become stronger or make smth stronger
3
Maintain
C
The act or process of making a company or business
larger by opening new shops, factories
4
Set up
D
To become larger in amount, number or degree
5
Share
E
The act of establishing an organisation, relationship or
system
6
Increase
F
To start a company, organisation, committee
7
Revenues
G
To make smth continue in the same way or at the
same high standard as before
8
Strengthen
H
Money that a business or organisation receives over a
services
3. In more recent years it has started its business in Eastern Europe and Asia.
4. The company’s investment in research and technology wasn’t sufficient
enough to develop many successful toothpastes and rinses.
5. The Ora Pharm Company of Australia was bought in 1990.
6. The company has maintained a close partnership with the dental therapeutics
business in USA.
Ex. 2 Why are these dates important for the development of the company:
1806, 1900-s, 1980, 1990, 1991.
Ex. 3 Match the words from the text with their definitions:
period of time especially from selling goods or
2.2 Grammar work
The Past Simple and the Past Continuous
(I did / I was doing )
Ex .1 Underline the correct tense in the sentences
1. I lived/was living in Eastbourne when I met / was meeting my husband.
2. Our team played/was playing really well. We won/were winning at half time,
but in the end we lost/were losing 3-2.
3. I’m worn out. The baby was coughing/coughed all night long and we weren’t
getting / didn't get any sleep.
4. Jack was playing/played happily with his toys when his big brother hit/was
hitting him on the head and made/was making him cry.
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5. I didn’t think/wasn’t thinking of having a birthday party, but now I'm glad I
had/was having one.
6. I picked/was picking two baskets of strawberries. I gave/was giving one
basket to my neighbour and the rest I made/was making into jam.
7. Roger pruned/was pruning the roses when he heard/was hearing a loud
buzzing sound, and an enormous bee appeared/was appearing and stung/was stinging
him on the nose.
8. It was snowing / it snowed when I got up / was getting up in the morning. The
children next door made / were making a snow man, so I quickly put / was putting on
some warm clothes and raced / was racing outside to help them.
Ex. 2 Underline the correct tense in the sentences
THOMAS EDISON (1) started/was starting work on the railway when he was
twelve, selling newspapers and snacks. There were long periods with nothing for him
to do so he (2) built/was building himself a little laboratory in the luggage van where
he could carry out experiments when he (3) didn't sell/wasn't selling things to
passengers. Another way that he (4) occupied/was occupying himself was by reading.
He joined a library and (5) read/was reading every single book in it.
One day, when he (6) waited/was waiting at a station he (7) noticed/was
noticing a small boy who (8) played/was playing by the track, unaware that a train (9)
approached / was approaching. Edison (10) ran/was running out and (11)
grabbed/was grabbing the child just in time. The child's father was so grateful that he
(12) offered/was offering to teach Edison to be a telegraph operator. Edison accepted
the offer and soon he (i3) had/was having regular lessons.
After a year, he was good enough to get a job in the telegraph office. He
continued to read and experiment, whenever he (i4) had/was having time. At twentyone he (i5) left/was leaving the telegraph office to devote all his time to being an
inventor. He (16) went/was going on to invent the electric light bulb, the phonograph
and the movie camera.
Ex. 3 Complete the following paragraphs with suitable verbs. Use either the
past simple or the past continuous tense
A. John Blake was born in London in 1969. He (1) went to work in France
when he was nineteen. While he (2)………….. in a restaurant in Paris, he (3)
………….. Luisa, an Italian student. He (4)…………... her to marry him, but she
wouldn't. Heartbroken, he (5)………….. to England. Three years later, John (6)
…………..along a street in London when he (7).………….. Luisa. She (8)
………….. London with a friend called Maria. When John and Maria (9) .................. ,
they fell in love at first sight, and got married the following year.
B I had a terrible time last Saturday. It was rather cold, but quite sunny, so after
lunch I (10) ...walked... into town. I (11) ………….. to buy a pullover. I (12)
…………..in the window of a clothes shop when someone (13). ................... my
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wallet. While I (14).………….. home, it (15). ………….. to rain and I arrived home
cold and miserable. I (16) …………..to have a hot bath. I (17). …………..ready to
have my bath when the doorbell (18) ………….. . It was a salesman and it took me
several minutes to get rid of him. Unfortunately, all the time he (19). .................... to
me the water (20). .............. You can imagine the state of the bathroom!
Ex. 4 Put in the past simple or the past continuous . Note where both forms are possible
Tug-of-war with a hedgehog
Mrs. May, our District Nurse, (1).............. (drive) home at 3 a.m. one night
after an urgent visit to a sick patient. She (2).............. (drive) along a deserted
country lane, when she (3).............. (see) a new kind of animal. She (4)..............
(stop) her car and (5).............. (get out). The animal (6).............. (be) clearly visible
in the blaze of her headlights. It (7). ............... (look) like a hedgehog with a tall white
hat. It (8).............. (cross) the road without paying any attention to Mrs. May. When
Mrs. May (9).............. (go) close to it, she (10).............. (notice) that there was a
plastic yoghurt pot on the hedgehog's head. The poor creature had got its head stuck
in the plastic pot! Her instincts as a nurse (11).............. (tell) her she would have to
rescue it, so she (12).............. (pull) at the pot, but the hedgehog (13). ............. (pull)
too. After a struggle, she (14).............. (pull) the pot off the hedgehog's head. Mrs.
May (15).............. (think) the hedgehog (16).............. (look) rather sad, when she
(17).............. (notice) that the pot was half full of strawberry yoghurt. She
(18).............. (give) it back to the hedgehog. The creature (19).............. (seize) it,
(20).............. (put) it on its head again, and triumphantly (21).............. (continue) its
journey across the road.
The Past Simple and the Past Perfect
(I did, I had done)
Ex.5 Complete the sentences with the verb in bold in either the Past Simple
or the Past Perfect. All the verbs are irregular.
fall
1. Harry ..............in love with a beautiful Greek girl while he was working in
Athens.
At last there was silence from the back of the car. All the children ..............
2.
asleep.
feel
3. She told me that she ............... sick with nerves before making that speech.
4. Tom ..............really sorry for himself. Not only had his girlfriend gone off
with his best friend, but he didn't get the promotion he wanted.
have
5. It was clear from the tense atmosphere that Susie and Gary ............... yet
another row.
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6. We ..............breakfast on the veranda every morning whilst we were staying
in Venice.
tear
7. Camilla .............. his letter into tiny pieces and threw it onto the fire.
8. Johnny's mother asked him how he ............... his trousers.
cost
9. I didn't ask the price of Ted's new car, but I knew it ............... a fortune.
10. It............... more to have our word processor fixed than to buy a new one.
fly
11. My father .............. into a temper when he heard I'd failed my exams.
12. I went to visit my brother in Australia. I was nervous because I ..............
(never) before.
catch
13. We .............. a taxi outside the restaurant, and it took us to our hotel.
14. She wondered how she .............. a cold in the middle of summer.
be
15. They .............. held hostage for over six weeks when they finally escaped.
16. Talks .............. held in New York last week to discuss global warming.
Ex. 6 Put the verb in brackets in either the Past Simple or the Past Perfect.
Example: I had (have) an awful hangover because I had drunk (drink) too
much the night before.
1. I cooked a chicken curry for some friends, but .............. (not find) out until the
next day that I .............. (give) them all food poisoning.
2. Sandra ............. (ring) her friend Dawn to ask about her holiday. Dawn
.............just .................. return) from a cruise in the Caribbean.
3. Since he was a little boy. Mark ............. (want) to go to Oxford University
and study to become a doctor. Imagine his delight when he ............. (do) really well
in all his exams! His childhood dream .............. (come) true.
4. Kenneth ............. (have) a very difficult week. On Monday a water pipe
............. (burst) and flooded the kitchen, on Wednesday the central heating .............
(break) down, and on Friday his wife ............... (leave) him.
5. Keith and Fiona ............. (go) to Brighton for their holiday last year. They
............. (be) there the year before and they ............. (have) an awful time, so I can't
understand why they .............. (decide) to go back again.
6. Rachel .............(be) a successful model before she ............. (become) a
teacher. She ............. (earn) a lot of money, but then she ............. (give) it all up for
the classroom.
7. Paul ............. (eat) so much chocolate pudding that his trousers ............... (not
fit) him anymore.
8. When I ............. (come) downstairs this morning, I couldn't believe my eyes.
The children ............. (do) all the washing-up, and they ............... (make) breakfast for
me.
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Past simple, past continuous, past perfect simple, past perfect continuous
(I did/ I was doing / I had done /I had been doing)
Ex. 7 Choose the correct form of the verbs
Conference report
(Parkhouse Hotel 5th September)
The conference was very successful. The seminars and talks (1) were / had been
extremely interesting and it was obvious that all the speakers (2) had prepared /
prepared their material very thoroughly. Everyone agreed that this should become an
annual event. There were however a number of administrative problems. When we
(3) arrived / had arrived, we (4) discovered / had discovered that the hotel manager
(5) reserved / had reserved the wrong room for us and therefore we (6) did not have /
had not had enough space.
Unfortunately, he could not let us have the larger room because he (7) gave / had
given it to another group, even bigger than ours. He (8) also misunderstood / had
also misunderstood the letter explaining what food we (9) required / had required. In
fact, we (10) suspected / had suspected that he (11) lost / had lost the letter. We do
not recommend using this hotel again.
Ex. 8 Complete the following conversation using the verbs supplied
Jean has called to see her boyfriend Gary.
GARY: Jean, I'm surprised to see you.
JEAN: Well, I think you owe me an explanation.
GARY: Me? What about you? (1) I saw (I / see) you in the cafe last night. (2)
We had arranged (we / arrange) to meet at the cinema, if you remember.
JEAN: So why (3) ............... (you / not / come) into the cafe if you saw me?
GARY: (4) ..............(I / be) too angry. And cold. (5) ............. (I / wait) outside
the cinema for three quarters of an hour.
JEAN: But why? (6) .............. (you / not / get) my note?
GARY: What note?
JEAN: The note (7) ............. (I / leave) here yesterday afternoon. When (8)
............. (I / go) past the cinema yesterday lunchtime (9) ............... (I / notice) that (10)
............. (they / change) the film.
So (11) .............. (I / put) a note under your door to tell you.
GARY: (12) .............. (I / not / find) any note.
JEAN: It must be here. Let me look. Yes. Oh dear. I'm afraid (13). ............. (it /
slip) under the mat.
GARY: Oh. I'm sorry I was angry. It's just that, well, while (14) ............. (I /
wait), I was worried about (15) ............. (what/happen) to you. And then, (16).
............. (I / see) you in the cafe. (17). ............. (you / laugh) with your friends and
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(18) ............. (I / realise) that (19) .............. (you / sit) there quite comfortably with
them all evening. (20) .............. (I / just / lose) my temper.
JEAN: Never mind. Let's forget it. Where shall we go now?
Ex. 9 Using the information given, complete each sentence with a suitable verb. Use the past perfect simple or continuous
Example: 1-Maggie worked in the garden all afternoon. Then she took a hot
bath.
Maggie took a hot bath because she had been working in the garden all afternoon.
2-Graham went for a walk. In the woods he saw some rare birds.
When he got home he wrote a letter to the local newspaper about them.
Graham wrote to the local newspaper about some rare birds which he had seen while
he was walking in the woods.
1. Rebecca came top in the final examination. Her father bought her a car as a
reward.
Rebecca's father bought her a car because she ................ top in the final exam.
2. Henry came home from work early. He cooked lunch. His family were very
impressed.
Henry's family were very impressed to discover that he ............. lunch when he
came home from work early.
3. Greta worked very hard all morning. Her boss gave her an extra half hour for
lunch. She boasted about it.
Greta boasted that her boss ................ her an extra half hour for lunch because she
............. very hard all morning.
4. Patrick went to the disco. He came home very late. His mother was worried
and she told him off when he got in.
Patrick's mother told him off when he came home late because she .............
about him all evening.
5. Bruce tried to mend a broken window. He cut his hand. He went to hospital.
Bruce went to hospital because he ............. his hand while he was trying to mend a
broken window.
6. I lost my watch. We had looked for it for hours. I was very pleased when my
son found it.
I was very pleased when my son found my watch because we ............... for it for
hours.
7. Isobel attended a language course. She made some new friends. She sent
postcards to them.
Isobel sent postcards to the new friends she ............. while she was attending a
language course.
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Ex.10 Supply suitable verbs for the following conversation
Ann is getting ready to leave her office. A colleague, John, comes into the
room.
JOHN: Oh, Ann, I'm glad I've caught you. Can you stay on and help us finish
some work? You remember the new client I (1) was telling you about yesterday?
Well, we've got to do a presentation to her tomorrow.
ANN: But I (2) ............. just .............
JOHN: You don't have to go, do you, though? You (3) ............. your shopping at
lunchtime, (4)................ (not) you?
ANN: And now I want to go home.
JOHN: Oh, come on Ann, please. It'll only be for an hour.
ANN: That's what you (5) ............. last time. I (6) .............. letters for two hours,
then when I (7). ............. nearly . .............them all, you (8). .............. me do half of
them again because you (9). ............. (not) me the right address file, so I (10)
.............them all wrong!
JOHN: OK, if that's how you feel about it. But next time you need help, don't be
surprised if I remind you that you (11). .............. to help me!
Ex.11 Choose the correct form of the verbs
ADAM: Hello, Mike. What (1) are you doing / do you do in this part of London?
MIKE: Well, actually, (2) I'm looking / I look at flats round here.
ADAM: Flats? (3) Are you wanting / Do you want to move?
MIKE: Yes, in fact, believe it or not, Mandy and I (4) are getting / get married.
ADAM: That's great! Congratulations. When (5) were you deciding / did you
decide?
MIKE: Only last week. It was while we (6) were staying / stayed with her family
in Scotland. Now (7) we try / we're trying to find a suitable flat.
ADAM: It'll be great to have you as neighbours. I hope you manage to buy one
soon.
MIKE: Oh, we (8) aren't looking / don't look for one to buy. We (9) aren't having
/ don't have enough money yet. (10) We're wanting / We want to find somewhere to
rent.
ADAM: Yes, of course. That's what we (11) did / were doing at first. Actually, in
the end, my brother (12) was lending / lent us some money. That's how we (13) were
managing / managed to buy ours.
MIKE: Really? Perhaps I'll talk to my family before (14) we choose / we're
choosing a flat.
ADAM: That's not a bad idea. My family (15) gave / were giving us quite a lot of
helpful advice. Now, what about a coffee? There's a good place just round the corner.
MIKE: Oh, yes, I (16) looked / was looking for somewhere to sit down when I
bumped into you. Let's go.