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Файл:Английский язык для магистров в сфере государственного и муниципального управления = English for masters in state and municipal management. Практикум.pdf
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1. Which..............to? Harrogate Grammar School.
2. How long..............Julian? Since ...............
3. How .............. to Maria? For thirty-six years.
4. What ..............in Argentina? He ............... English.
5. When ..............to England? After .............. born.
6. How many times .............. as a sales representative? Twice.
7. Where .............. to after Carolina was born? A house in Surrey.
8. How ..............clothes? Since.............. .
9. ..............Paul..............a successful carrier? No, he hasn’t because.............. .
Ex. 3 Choose the correct form of the verbs
1. My sister has been / was interested in medicine ever since she has been / was
a child.
2. How long have you studied / did you study before you have qualified /
qualified?
3. Where have you first met / did you first meet your husband?
4. Is this the first time you've cooked / you cooked pasta?
5. We have wanted / wanted to go to the theatre last night, but there haven't been
/ weren't any seats.
6. Oh, dear. What can we do? I'm sure something dreadful has happened /
happened: we've been waiting / we waited over an hour and he hasn't phoned / hasn't
been phoning yet.
7. We have posted / posted the parcel three weeks ago. If you still haven't
received / didn't receive it, please inform us immediately.
Ex. 4 Alex wants to go to an art college and is being interviewed by Tom
Smith, one of the lecturers. Complete the questions which Tom asks him. Read
the whole conversation before you start
TOM: Right, Alex, let's find out something about you. You're obviously not a
teenager, so when (1) did you leave school?
ALEX: Five years ago, actually.
TOM: And where (2) have you been since then?
ALEX: Well I've had several jobs.
TOM : What (3) .............. first?
ALEX: I worked in a cafe for about a year. I needed to save some money.
TOM: Why (4) ............... money?
ALEX: I wanted to travel a bit before I started studying.
TOM: Where (5) ............... to go?
ALEX: Well, the Middle East, Latin America, Australia
TOM: Good Lord! And (6) .............. all those places?
ALEX: No, not yet. I've been to Brazil and Peru so far. And I spent some
months in Turkey.
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TOM: What (7) ............... there?
ALEX: I stayed with some friends near Izmir. It was wonderful.
TOM: You're very lucky. And now you want to come to college.
(8) ................ some pictures to show me?
ALEX: Urn, yes, I have a small portfolio here.
TOM: Where (9). ............... this work?
ALEX: Mostly in Turkey.
TOM: Why (10) ............... any in South America?
ALEX: I didn't have time really. And I was travelling light, I just did some
pencil sketches.
TOM: (11). ............... them here with you?
ALEX: They're at the back of the portfolio.
TOM: Well, Alex, I'm very impressed. When (12). .............. interested in
painting and drawing?
ALEX: I think I always have been.
TOM: I can believe that. Will you come with me? I want to show this work to
my colleagues right away.
ALEX: Of course. Thank you very much.
Ex. 5 Fill the spaces in the conversation with suitable verbs. Use the past
simple or the present perfect. Rosie is talking to Marcus, who has recently come
to work in the same company as her
ROSIE: So, Marcus, are you settling in here OK, do you think?
MARCUS: Oh, yes. Everyone (1) has been very friendly. I (2) expected to have
quite a lot of problems, but I (3) haven’t had any really. Not here at work, anyway.
ROSIE: Do you mean there (4) ............... other problems?
MARCUS: Well, I (5) ............... to move out of the flat I (6) ................ when I first
(7) ...........
ROSIE: Oh dear. Why (8)............... you ............ to do that? Wasn't it comfortable?
Our personnel department (9)............... you to find it, (10) ................ they?
MARCUS: That's right. It was a good flat. I (11) ................ living there very much.
Unfortunately, the journey to work was too long. The bus routes changed just before I
(12) ............... to work here and it (13) ................. me two hours to get here every day.
So I (14) ................ to a place just round the corner from here. Everything's fine now.
ROSIE: I hope all this trouble (15) ................ (not) you sorry that you came here.
MARCUS: Not at all. I'm really enjoying the work. And I (16) ............... a lot of
new friends already.
ROSIE: That's good. Oh, well. We'd better get on with some work now, I suppose.
MARCUS: I guess so. See you later.
ROSIE: Yes. Bye.
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to investigate
to get to know
to deceive
to stop
to search for
to go
to manage
1
set off
A
extinguish
2
turn up
B
escape
3
run out of
C
discover
4
speak up
D
arrive
5
put out
E
talk louder
6
get away
F
begin a journey
7
find out
G
have no more left
Ex. 6 Use a verb from the box in a correct form instead of the phrasal
verbs in bold
1. They managed to take some people in and to get some money.
2. He is so absent-minded. He is always looking for his glasses.
3. Having such a cough you should give up smoking immediately.
4. At first we need to find out if this map really exists.
5. They made for a new place to live.
6. Sally got to save money for a trip.
7. The police is looking into Mr. Simon’s company business.
Ex. 7 Match a phrasal verb in A with a definition in B. Compose your own
sentences with these verbs
Phrasal verbs
See Appendix 3 to help you
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UNIT 4
WORK
4.1 Reading comprehension
Ex 1 Look at the title of the article. Try to predict what the article is about
Life at the Bottom
Hard-up, tired but content
To most people, changing jobs means stepping up the ladder: more money, a
higher position, travel perhaps, more perks, the next rung on the way to a so-called
better life. So why change?
Marian Thiel has been changing jobs ever since she first started working at the
age of 18 when she was a sales assistant in a fashion store in Bristol. She had left
school with three 0-levels - Art, English, Needlework. By 1976, at the age of 31, she
was senior executive in charge of public relations at Chester Bar-rie, a fashion
menswear house based in Crewe. She was on a salary of £4,500 — plus perks. She
had a secretary, a company car and first-class travel expenses. She went to the
hairdresser once a week (paid for, of course) and on the strength of her job and prospects had got herself a three-bedroomed semi on the river at Congleton.
"I used to have my nails painted just to look better," she says now, almost in
disbelief, "and I used to take taxis everywhere so my hair didn't get wet or blown
about. I was out every day for lunch or dinner with customers. I was out of the office
on business four days out of five, very often in London, France or Germany. If I went
to Scotland, I flew — and there was always a chauffeur and car to meet me."
About two years ago she gave it all up to become a nurse. Her pay during her
first year as a student State Registered Nurse at St. Stephen's Hospital, London, was
£90 a month: £74 of that went back to Cheshire to pay for her mortgage. Suddenly
she was living off £16 a month — and no expenses. "I used to walk along the streets
of Westminster crying," she says. "Of course it was my decision not to let the house
go -just because you make a break you don't have to give up everything."
She has now moved back to her house in Congleton in Cheshire, having
transferred to a local hospital for the last year of her training. The pay is a bit better
now - £140 a month with overtime - but the hours are long and she finds the work
physically exhausting. There are certainly no trips to the hairdresser, no spending
sprees.
So why did she do it? What happened to the normal job pattern? She is patently
not someone who has just opted out of the rat-race. She admits she loves the good
life, and offered the chance of a job at £10,000 tomorrow, she would jump at'it. "I
could pick up and live again as though I had never been poor," she says. But, she
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Marian Thiel
1976
2 years ago
now
Job
Salary
Town
goes on, she feels we all have a debt to society. "It's rather like the land," she says.
"The times we are living in now are very materialistic, everyone's on the make,
everything's got to be brighter and newer. We're all taking things out and never putting back. And what happens if you do that to the land? You get barren soil. I
certainly never wanted to be a nurse, but I realized that I had to give instead of just
take."
Ex 2 Read the article. As you read, complete the table below
Ex 3 Say whether these statements are true or false
1. Marian Thiel felt appearance was important in her job as senior executive.
2. It was not easy for her to make the change from senior executive to student
nurse.
3. She can now easily afford her house in Congleton.
4. She finds nursing extremely rewarding.
5. In the exercise on Job Satisfaction above, she would probably list as most
important 'an opportunity, through your job, to serve others in the community/in
society'.
Ex 4 Here are some possible titles for the article, and the original title. Which one do you think is best? Why? (Your reasons may be related to length; style; how well it summarizes the article, etc.)
FROM TOP TO BOTTOM:GIVING INSTEAD OF TAKING
Down the Ladder – from Senior Executive to Student Nurse
Money isn’t everything
MARIAN THIEL’S DEBT TO SOCIETY
Life at the Bottom: Hard-up, tired but content
Ex 5 Use a monolingual dictionary to explore the meanings of the words
and word combinations break, bottom a perk, to perk up and perky as used in
these phrases and sentences
1. to make a break
2. to give someone a break
3. a lucky break
4. from the bottom of my heart
5. to knock the bottom out of an argument
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1
Scientific
A
Working with tools and materials
2
Computational
B
Investigating physical and biological phenomena to
understand why and how things happen
3
Artistic
C
Concerning yourself with helping others
4
Persuasive
D
Dealing with figures
5
Practical
E
Expressing ideas and feelings through the words
6
Literary
F
Influencing others to accept your goods, ideas and
services
7
Welfare
G
Creating and appreciating things of beauty
1
intellectual
A
seeking beauty and harmony in all forms and media
2
aesthetic
B
seeking practical means to achieve economic progress
3
power
C
searching for the truth through academic investigations
4
religious
D
seeking ways of helping other people for their own sake
5
material
E
seeking and competing for positions of power and
authority
6
altruistic
F
seeking spiritual rather than material satisfaction
6. He's a good fellow at bottom.
7. The bottom has fallen out of the market.
8. She's a perky little thing
9. He perked up when he heard the good news.
Ex 6 Many people are happy with the career they have chosen. But there
are others who feel they are following a career that does not altogether suit
them. How well a particular career suits you depends partly on how well it
matches your interests and the values you hold.
Here is a list of occupational interests that has been drawn up by a
psychologist.
Match each interest (1-7) with an appropriate definition (A-).
Choose two interests that are important to you. Explain your choice to a
partner.
Ex 7 Here is a list of values and attitudes. Again, it has been drawn up by a
psychologist. Match each value or attitude with an appropriate definition. Choose two
values that are particularly important to you. Explain your choice to a partner.
Ex 8 Read this list of factors that can contribute to job satisfaction. How
important is each factor for you? Number them in order of importance, starting
with 1 = the most important. Try to discuss each factor, giving reasons why you
have given it that number
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1. a high salary
2. lots of perks, e.g. a company car, travel expenses
3. good promotion prospects
4. an opportunity, through your job, to serve others in the community/in society
5. a pleasant, friendly working atmosphere
6. short working hours - not more than 35 hours a week
7. long holidays
Ex 9 Do you think you could ever be like Marian Thiel - willingly choose to
step down the ladder instead of up?
4.2 Grammar work
The Present Perfect Simple and the Present Perfect Continuous
(I have done / I have been doing )
Ex. 1 Put in the present perfect simple or the present perfect progressive
1. I .............. all your letters. The job's been done. (type )
2. I .............. this report since yesterday and I'm only half way through it. (type )
3. Your mother is still in the kitchen. She ............... all morning. (cook)
4. Your mother ...............a lovely meal which I'll be serving in a couple of
minutes. (cook)
5. We ............... this garage ourselves and have just begun to use it.
6. We ...............this garage ourselves and hope to finish it within the next two
months. (build)
Ex. 2 Put in the present perfect simple, the present perfect progressive or
the simple past.
THE AUSTRALIAN SALUTE
Before I (1) visited (visit) Australia, an Australian friend in London (2)
............... (tell) me I'd learn 'the Australian salute'. 'What's that?' I (3) ................ (ask).
'You'll find out when you get there,' he (4) ............... (say). I (5) ............... (arrive) in
Perth last week. Since then, I (6) ............... (stay) at a nice hotel near a beautiful
beach. I (7) ............... (never visit) Australia before and I am enjoying my stay. I (8)
............... (swim) every day from the time I (9) ............... (arrive). Yesterday, an
Australian friend (10) ............... (suggest)a tour into 'the bush'. I (11) ...............
(agree) at once. The first thing I (12) ............... (notice) when we (13) ................. (be)
in the bush (14) ............... (be) he flies. After a while I (15) ................. (remember) the
conversation I had had in London before I (16) ............... (come) here. 'What's the
(build)
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"Australian salute"?' I (17) ................ (ask) suddenly, as I waved my right arm to keep
the flies away. That's it!' my friend said as he (18) ................. (wave) back!
Ex. 3 Compare the use of tenses in the sentences. Say which tense is used and why
1.
a. Charles Dickens wrote Oliver Twist.
b. Ken Follett has written ten best-sellers.
c. Ken Follett's been writing his autobiography for the past eighteen months.
2.
a. Have you ever tried Japanese food?
b. Did you try sushi when you were in Japan?
3.
a. How many times has Kate been married?
b. How many times was Tom married?
4.
a. She's been to Paris.
b. She's gone to Paris.
5.
a. We've lived here all our lives.
b. We've been living with friends while we're looking for a flat.
6.
a. Who's eaten my chocolates?
b. Who's been eating my chocolates?
7.
a. I've been reading all morning.
b. I've read four chapters.
8.
a. Ouch! I've cut my finger.
b. I'm exhausted! I've been cutting the grass all morning.
Ex. 4 Correct the mistakes
1. Sorry. Jack isn't in the office. He's been to lunch.
2. How long have you been having your car?
3. Tom Hanks hasn't made as many films as Charlie Chaplin has.
4. Have you seen the football match on Saturday?
5. Where have you bought your shoes? They're lovely!
6. Why is your hair wet?' I've swum.'
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A
B
2.
I've lost
weight recently.
3.
They've missed
you lots, so come home soon.
4.
She's been talking
on the phone for ages.
5.
Paula's been leaving
Paula's left
work early today to meet her uncle.
work late all this week.
6.
He's had
a heart attack.
7.
I've been saving up
to buy a new stereo.
8.
I've been swimming
twenty lengths today.
9.
I've been finding
I've found
my cheque book at last.
it difficult to concentrate recently.
Ex. 5 Present Perfect simple or progressive? Which sentence matches better in A and B?
1. I've written
I've been writing
I've been losing
They've been missing
She's talked
He's been having
I've saved up
I've swum
to Auntie Fay to wish her happy birthday.
my essay all morning.
my car keys.
the train.
about this subject before.
second thoughts about accepting the job.
about £200.
which is why my hair is wet.
Ex. 6 Put the verb in brackets into the Present Perfect simple or
progressive
Example: I 've been playing (play) tennis all morning and I'm exhausted.
1. Please drive carefully to work. It ............... (snow) and the roads are very
slippery.
2. How far ...............you .................(travel) this morning?
3. Kate and Paul ................ (live) in London for the past five years. Recently they
............... (try) to buy a house in the suburbs, but they ............... (not manage) to sell
their flat yet.
4. Jill and Andy ................ (argue) a lot recently, because Jill’s always going out
with her friends.
5. I ................ (eat) so much ice-cream! I think I’m going to be sick.
6. The trains ................ (run) late all morning.
7. Sarah ...............cry) all day because she................. (fail) all her exams.
8. I ................ (sunbathe) all morning, and now I’m bright red and very sore.
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cut... off pick ... up ring ... up put... off put... through
break out
find out
not turn up
get away with
speak up
hold on
set off
run out of
put out
Phrasal verbs
See Appendix 3 to help you
Ex. 7 Use one of the phrasal verbs to complete the sentences. Put the verb
in the correct form. There are two phrasal verbs which you shouldn’t use
1. Please ................ your cigarette. This is a no-smoking area.
2. I arranged to meet Jane after work last night but she ............... .
3. Can I copy your homework? The teacher will never ............... .
4. , please ! We can’t hear you at the back!
5. We have a long journey tomorrow. What time do we have to ................. ?
6. We’ve nearly ................. money. We’ve got very little left.
7. There was a bank robbery last week. The robbers ................ with £30,000.
Ex. 8 In the following conversation, fill in the blanks with a phrasal verb
from the box that means the same as the words in brackets
1. Could you ............... (connect me) to extension 234 again? Certainly. OK,
you're through now.
2. Sorry about that. They ................. (disconnected us) for some reason.
3. I know. Anyway, I can't make the meeting on the 18th, as I'll still be
Germany, so could we............... (postpone it) until the 24th?
4. Yes, I can't see any problem there.
5. Good, can I have a word with Hugo? He's coming over and I need to know
when he wants me to ............... (collect him) from the airport.