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Файл:Английский язык для магистров в сфере государственного и муниципального управления = English for masters in state and municipal management. Практикум.pdf
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Redesigning processes requiring input from every employee in the company to
achieve dramatic improvements in cost, quality, service, and speed.
Referent power
Influence that results from leadership characteristics that command
identification, respect, and admiration from subordinates (also known as charismatic
power).
Regressive tax
One that taxes those with lower incomes at a proportionately higher rate than
those with higher incomes.
Regulation
Government activity designed to monitor and guide private economic
competition; specific actions (characterized as economic regulation) have included
placing limits on producers' prices and practices, and promoting commerce through
grants or subsidies; other actions emerging more recently (termed social regulation)
have included regulating conditions under which goods and services are produced
and attempting to minimize product hazards and risks to consumers.
Regulatory commission
Group formed to regulate a particular area of the economy: usually headed by a
group of individuals appointed by the President and confirmed by the Senate.
Regulatory policy
Policy designed to limit actions of persons or groups to protect all or parts of
the general public.
Reinventing government
1. The title of a book written by David Osborne and Ted Gaebler in 1992. 2.
Term referring to ideas used in government that are entrepreneurial in nature whose
purpose is to improve government services.
Resources
The people, information, facilities, infrastructure, machinery, equipment,
supplies, and finances at an organization's disposal.
Reward power
The authority to reward others.
Risk
The environment that exists when a manager must make a decision without
complete information.
Rule
An explicit statement that tells a supervisor what he or she can and cannot do.
S
Satisfice
The making of the best decision possible with the information, resources, and
time available.
Satisficing
The process of decision making that characterizes most governmental action; a
limited search through familiar patterns of behavior for a course of action that meets
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pre-established, minimum standards of performance, rather than an exhaustive review
of all alternatives in search of the optimal solution to a particular problem.
Scalar principle
A system that demonstrates a clearly defined line of authority in the
organization that includes all employees.
Scientific management
A formal theory of organization developed by Frederick Taylor in the early
1900s; concerned with achieving efficiency in production, rational work procedures,
maximum productivity, and profit; focused on management's responsibilities and on
"scientifically" developed work procedures, based on "time and motion" studies.
Selective perception
The tendency to single out for attention those aspects of a situation or person
that reinforce or appear consistent with one's existing beliefs, values, or needs.
Self-fulfilling prophecy
A belief that a manager can, through his or her behavior, create a situation
where subordinates act in ways that confirm his or her original expectations.
Simulation
A broad term indicating any type of activity that attempts to imitate an existing
system or situation in a simplified manner.
Situational theory
A strategy that designates a leadership style to a given situation based on a
number of factors.
Skills
An ability, whether innate or acquired, to excel at specified tasks.
Small-batch production
Manufacturing of a variety of custom, made-to-order products.
Special districts
Local governments created for a specific purpose within a specific area.
Span of control
One of the early principles of administration which states that there is an upper
limit to the number of subordinates any administrator can directly supervise,
generally set at twelve, and advises administrators to eliminate any violations of this
principle by reducing the number of officials reporting to them by either merging
certain offices or stretching out the hierarchy.
Spoils system
A system of hiring personnel based on political loyalty and connections; can
also extend to government contracts and the like; usually takes the form of rewarding
party supporters with government jobs.
Stakeholders
The many different persons or interest groups that are involved in a policy
decision and are affected by the results.
Strategic change
Revision that takes place when a company changes its tactics (strategy) possibly even its mission statement - to achieve current goals.
213
Strategic plan
An outline of steps designed with the goals of the entire organization as a
whole in mind, rather than with the goals of specific divisions or departments.
Structural change
Variation that occurs when a company changes its procedures, policies, and
rules, and as a result, its organizational structure.
Structured problems
Familiar, straightforward, and clear difficulties with respect to the information
needed to resolve them.
T
plan.
Tactical plan
Steps detailing the actions needed to achieve the organization's larger strategic
Tariffs
Taxes placed on imports and/or exports in response to a political event.
Task forces
Groups brought together to work on specific organizational problems.
Team structure
Organizational design that places separate functions into a group according to
one overall objective.
Technology
The knowledge, machinery, work procedures, and materials that transform
inputs into outputs.
Telecommuting
A work arrangement that allows at least a portion of scheduled work hours to
be completed outside of the office, with work at home as one of the options (also
known as flexiplace).
Total Quality Management (TQM)
A philosophy that states that uniform commitment to quality in all areas of the
organization promotes a culture that meets consumers' perceptions of quality.
Theory X and Theory Y
Two opposing assumptions about people at work that lead to opposing styles of
management. Theory X assumes that most people hate work, avoid responsibility,
prefer to be directed, and have to be controlled and coerced to put out a fair day's
work; Theory Y assumes that people will seek responsibility, demonstrate a high
degree of imagination, and exercise self-direction if they have a creative, challenging
job to which they can become committed.
U
Unity of command
Principle that states that an employee should have one and only one supervisor
to whom he or she is directly responsible.
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Unstructured problems
Difficulties that involve ambiguities and information deficiencies and often
occur as new or unexpected situations.
V
Validity
Proof that the relationship between a selection device and some relevant job
criterion exists.
Vertical job loading
The process of enriching employment by offering workers more challenging
tasks to increase motivation and success
Vision
The ability of the leader to bind people together with an idea.
W
Whistleblower
An individual who uncovers a company wrongdoings.
Whistle-blowing
Making any disclosure of legal violations (especially within public
organizations), mismanagement, a gross waste of funds, an abuse of authority, or a
danger to public health or safety, whether the disclosure is made within or outside the
formal chain of command.
Wholly-owned subsidiary
A foreign firm owned outright, or with a controlling interest, by an out-ofcountry firm.
Work specialization
The degree to which organizational tasks are divided into separate jobs (also
known as the division of labor).
Z
Zero-base budgeting
Budget format that presents information about the efficiency and effectiveness
of existing programs and highlights possibilities for eliminating or reducing programs
by assuming that the minimum funding level for the agency is zero, thereby requiring
agency administrators to justify all expenditures by the same standard of review that
normally are applied only to new programs or increments above the base.
Zero defects
A program that emphasizes doing it right the first time.
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LITERATURE
1. Английский для экономистов: глоссарий + 47 полезных ресурсов
https://englex.ru/english-for-economists/
2. Евсюкова, Т. В. Английский язык: для экономических специальностей :
учебник : [16+] / Т. В. Евсюкова, С. И. Локтева. – 4-е изд., стер. – Москва :
ФЛИНТА, 2017. – 357 с.
3. Black, J., Hashimzade, N., Myles, G. A Dictionary of Economics. 5 - th ed.
https://www.oxfordreference.com/display/10.1093/acref/9780199237043.001.0001/a
cref
4. Brook-Hart, Guy. Business Benchmark. Advanced / G. Brook-Hart .- [Great
Britain ]: Cambridge University press, 2007. -186 p.
5. Cotton, D., Kent, S., Falvey, D. Market Leader Intermediate 3-d ed./
D.Cotton, S. Kent, D. Falvey .- [Great Britain ]: Pearson Education Ltd, 2016. –
156p.
6. Evans V., Dooley J. New Round-Up .P. 5./ V. Evans, J. Dooley. - [Great
Britain]: Pearson Educated Limited, 2011.- 211p.
7. Ferreira, E. J., Groenewald, D. Administrative Management / E. J. Ferreira,
D. Groenewald.- [USA ]: Juta, 2021. - 525 p.
8. Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English for advanced students. – 6-th
edition.- [Great Britain ]: Pearson Education Ltd, 2014. – 2224 p.
9. Mascull, B. Business Vocabulary in Use: Intermediate Book with Answers:
Self-Study and Classroom Use 3-d ed./ B. Mascull. - [Great Britain ]: Cambridge
University Press, 2018.- 176 p.
10. Murphy, R. English grammar in use 4-th ed. / R. Murphy - [Great Britain ]:
Cambridge University Press, 2012.- 399 p.
11. The Essential Manager’s Handbook. - [USA]: Penguin Random House,
2016.- 464 p.
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Учебное издание
Куксина Ольга Ивановна
Соколова Наталья Владимировна
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ МАГИСТРОВ
В СФЕРЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО
И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Практикум
для обучающихся образовательных учреждений
высшего образования
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