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Файл:Basics of Latin in Pharmacia (for students in the English medium). Study aid
.pdf
41
Rheum, i, n
Riboflavinum, i, n
Rubus idaeus
Saccharum, i, n
Strophanthus, i, m
Vaselinum, i, n
Alnus, i, f
Amygdalus, i, f
bolus, i, f
Crataegus, i, f
Eucalyptus, i, f
Pinus, i, f
Sorbus, i, f
Strychnus, i, f
in vitro nigro
in vitro fusco
— rhubarb
— riboflavin
— red raspberry, European raspberry
— sugar
— strophanthus
— petroleum jelly, vaseline, petrolatum
— alder
— almond
— clay, bolus (a large pill)
— hawthorn
— gum tree
— pine, pine tree
— mountain ash
— poison-nut
— in the black vial/flask, in the vial/flask of black colour
— in the dark vial/flask, in the vial/flask of dark colour
LATIN SPECIAL EXPRESSIONS
in vivo
in vitro
— under the natural conditions, in the natural enviroments
— in the laboratory, in the test-tube
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- sirupus ruber;
- decoctum medicatum;
- periodus longa.
Task II. Translate the following word combinations from Latin into
English.
1. oleum Olivarum
2. plantae vitaminosae
3. folia Aloës et extractum rodiolae roseae
4. infusum foliorum salviae
5. oleum Terebinthinae in unguentis et linimentis
42
6. in lagoenas coeruleas et ollas cinereas
7. in baccis Oxycocci
8. Da folia Mentae piperitae in scatula.
9. Exsicca gemmas Betulae.
10. paesribite sirupum Rubi idaei
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. compound globules et compound suppositories
2. castor-oil in capsules
3. drops of poison-nut tincture
4. herb of motherwort and leaves of sunflower
5. licorice syrup in a black vial
6. (sing.) Give the dried herbs in paper.
7. (sing.) Take the castor oil in a dark vial.
8. (plur.) Add sea buckthorn oil into the tincture.
9. (plur) Preserve the tablets in the box.
10. (plur) Filter the cold oil.
Task IV. Translate the following medical prescriptions from Latin into
English.
11
Recipe:
Foliorum Farfarae
Foliorum Calendulae
Aquae destillatae
Misce.
Signa.
ana 20.0
100 ml
12
Recipe:
Infusi foliorum Sennae
Tincturae Menthae
Misce. Da.
Signa.
10 ml
150 ml
13
Recipe:
Olei Eucalypti cinereae
Succi Aloes
Aquae destillatae quantum satis
Misce. Da.
Signa.
guttas X
5 ml
43
14
Recipe:
Infusi foliorum Rubi idaei
Tincturae Echinaceae purpureae
Misce. Da in vitro nigro.
15,0–200 ml
30 ml
15
Recipe:
Extracti Aloes fluidi
Da tales doses Numero 6 in ampullis.
Signa.
1 % — 1 ml
Task V. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
16
Take:
Juice of levant wormseed
Juice of motherwort
Distilled water
Mix. Give.
Designate.
20 ml
60 ml
150 ml
17
Take:
Tincture of poison-nut
Tincture of magnolia vine
Mix. Give. Designate.
in equal measures of 5 ml
18
Take:
Herb of burnet
Distilled water
Mix. Give.
Designate.
50.0
100 ml
19
Take:
Oil of almonds
Powedered leaves of senna
Mix. Give.
Designate.
100.0
50.0
20
Take:
White clay
Oil of gum tree
Mix. Give in a black vial.
Designate.
15.0
3 drops
Task VI. Study and memorize the following term-elements.
-aemia
haematangi
anth
chloro
— blood
— blood
— vessel
— flower
— pale green
ot
syn- (sym-)
rhin
rrh(o)ea
rrhagia
— ear
— together, with
— nose
— discharge of fluid
— discharge of blood
44
glyc
laryng
myc
ophthalm
— sweet
— larynx
— fungus
— eye
pharyng
phyll
pyr
tox
— pharynx, throat
— leaf
— fever
— poison, toxin
Task VII. Find the term-elements in the following Latin terms and explain
their meanings.
haematologia
anaemia
dermatologus
otorhinolaryngologia
dermatomycologia
angiocardiopathia
phleborrhaphia
otorrhoea
glycaemia
toxicologia
anophthalmia
synanthia (in Botany)
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task VIII. Derive Latin and English terms with the following meanings,
write down the dictionary form of Latin words.
1. pain in one part of the body resulting from hurt or injury in another part; re-
ferred pain
2. the free discharge of a thin mucus fluid from the nose
3. a specialist who studies and treats blood disorders
4. haemorrhage from the stomach
5. gastro(intestinal) bleeding
6. ENT specialist
7. any disease of the stomach
8. pain caused by irritation of or damage to a nerve
9. specialist in the care of the teeth and gums, and the treatment of oral disease
and decay
10. the branch of biology that deals with fungi.
45
7. VERBS IN PRAESENS INDICATIVI ACTIVI ET PASSIVI.
VERBS IN PRAESENS CONJUNCTIVI ACTIVI ET PASSIVI
Latin verbs have six categories (see Unit 4).
1. Person.
2. Number.
3. Tense.
4. Mood.
5. Voice.
6. Verb conjugation.
The category of mood refers to the manner of indicating the action or state of
the verb. Latin verbs have three moods: the Indicative (governs facts), the Imperative
(governs orders and request), and the Subjunctive (deals with hypothesis/potentiality
and subordination).
The category of voice refers to whether the subject receives the action or performs the action. Latin verbs have two voices, active and passive
There are 4 verb conjugations in the Latin language.
In medicine the forms of the 3d person singular (he, she, it) and 3d person plural
(they) are used. The endings of the verbs in the form of Present Simple (Praesens Indicativi in Latin) in Active and Passive voice (Activum et Passivum in Latin) are given in the table.
Praesens Indicativi Activi et Passivi
3-rd person
Activum
Passivum
Singularis
-t
-tur
Pluralis
-nt
-ntur
To make the forms of the verbs of the I and II conjugations in Praesens Indicativi Activi et Passivi we need to add the ending to the stem of the verb (to find the
stem [see Unit 4].
E.g.: curāre (I) — to cure
3-rd person
Activum
Passivum
Singularis
curat (he cures)
curatur (he is cured)
Pluralis
curant (they cure)
curantur (they are cured)
46
To make the forms of the verbs of the III conjugation in Praesens Indicativi
Activi et Passivi in singular we add the letter - i - and then the endings to the stem of
the verb. In plural form the letter - u - and then the endings are added to the stem of
the verb.
E.g.: recipĕre (III) — to take
3-rd person
Activum
Passivum
singularis
solvit (he dissolves)
solvitur (it is dissolved)
pluralis
solvunt (they dissolve)
solvuntur (they are dissolved)
To make the forms of the verbs of the IV conjugation in Praesens Indicativi
Activi et Passivi in singular we add the endings to the stem of the verb. In plural form
the letter - u - and then the endings are added to the stem of the verb.
E.g.: audire (IV) — to listen
3-rd person
Activum
Passivum
singularis
audit (he listens)
auditur (he is listened)
pluralis
audiunt (they listen)
audiuntur (they are listened)
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
aegrota, ae, f
aegrotus, i, m
aegrotus, a, um
aromaticus, a, um
boricus, a, um
hydrochloricus, a, um
obscuratus, a, um
salicylicus, a, um
acidum, i, n
Amylum, i, n
Anaesthesinum, i, n
Chloroformium, i, n
Glycerinum, i, n
Hyoscyamus, i, m
massa gelatinosa
Mentholum, i, n
oleum Terebinthinae
Talcum, i, n
— female patient
— male patient
— ill, diseased
— aromatic
— boric
— hydrochloric
— darkened, blurred
— salicylic
— acid
— starch
— anaesthesine
— chloroform
— glycerin
— henbane
— gelatinous mass
— menthol, mint camphor
— turpentine oil
— talc
47
Triticum, i, n
fiat+Nom. sing.
fiant+Nom. plur.
in charta cerata
in charta paraffinata
in capsulis gelatinosis
in capsulis amylaceis
— wheat
— in order to obtain (sing.)
— in order to obtain (plur.)
— in waxed paper
— in paraffin paper
— in gelatin capsules
— in starch capsules, in cachets
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Make 3rd person singular and plural in Praesens Indicativi
Activi et Passivi and translate these forms:
formare, adhibere, praescribĕre, colligĕre, nutrire
Task II. Identify grammar form and translate following verbs:
sterilisat, dant, dantur, praeparantur, habet, recipit, dividuntur, extrahitur,
audiunt
Task III. Translate the following sentences from Latin into English.
1. Aegrota mixturam agitat.
2. Pharmaceutae herbam diu (long time) coquunt.
3. In baccis Uvae (grape) glucosum continetur.
4. Feminae plantas colligunt.
5. Magnesia in aqua male (bad) solvitur.
6. Saponaria planta medicata est.
7. Saponaria et Belladonna plantae venenatae sunt.
8. Medici Leuzeam in mixtura adhibent.
9. Extrahite et sterilisate substantias
10. Divide massam pilularum.
Task IV. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. The pharmacist mixes tincture of the lilly-of-the-valley with tincture of
valerian.
2. The pills are formed from pillular mass.
3. The female patient takes the tincture of maral root.
4. The tablets are rubbed and solved.
48
5. The ampoules are given in the box.
6. Mix, in order to obtain pasta.
7. Mix, in order to obtain pills.
8. Add ethric oil of lavender.
9. He pours wormwood oil into the black flask.
10. They use dry medicinal herbs.
Task V. Translate the following medical prescriptions from Latin into
English.
21
Recipe:
Extracti Aloes fluidi 1 %
Da tales doses Numero 6 in ampullis.
Signa.
1 ml
22
Recipe:
Olei Anisi
Da. Signa.
15 ml
23
Recipe:
Tincturae Strophanthi
Tincturae Convallariae
Tincturae Valerianae
Misce. Da. Signa.
ana 10 ml
24
Recipe:
Infusi herbae Millefolii
Da. Signa.
15.0 — 200 ml
25
Recipe:
Ichthyoli
Massae gelatinosae quantum satis ut fiat
globulus.
Da tales doses Numero 12.
Signa
0.15
Task VI. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
26
Take:
Buds of birch
Levant wormseed
Distilled water
Mix. Designate.
30.0
5.0
250 ml
27
Take:
Milfoil leaves juice
Olive oil
Mix. Give in a dark flask. Designate.
10 ml
100 ml
49
28
Take:
Peach kernel oil
Etheric oil of valerian
Mix. Give. Designate.
10 ml
3 drops
29
Take:
Herb of Levant wormseed
Distilled water
Mix in order to obtain decoction.
Filter. Designate
25.0
200 ml
30
Take:
Infusion of senna leaves
Tincture of peppermint
Mix.
Give. Designate
10.0 — 150 ml
1 ml
Task VII. Study and memorize the following term-elements.
odont
peps(ia)
stheni(ia)
sten
troph(ia)
ton(ia)
a-, an-
— tooth
— digestion
— power, strength
— narrowing
— nutrition, nourishment
— pressure, tonus
— lack of, low level of,
negation, non-
dys-
hyper-
hypo-
— prefix, meaning disordered,
difficult, abnormal, disturbed
— prefix, meaning excessive
(amount), high (level) above,
over
— prefix, meaning below, un-
der, less than normal, abnormally low, deficiency
Task VIII. Find the term-elements in the following Latin terms and explain their meanings.
atonia
dystonia
hypertonia
hypotonia
asthenia
myasthenia
dystrophia
hypertrophia
hypotrophia
dysenteria
stenocardia
myocardiodystrophia
50
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task IX. Derive Latin and English terms with the following meanings,
write down the dictionary form of Latin words.
1. branch of medicine of medical science that studies the blood and lymph ves-
sels and their disorders
2. doctor who specializes in eye and vision care
3. any disorder of the mouth
4. lack of normal muscular tension or tonus
5. the increase of blood flow to different tissues in the body (in other words —
redness of the skin)
6. low blood sugar level
7. excessive amount of glucose in the blood
8. pain in the intestines
9. any disease or pathology of the intestines
10. toothache
Task X. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- substantia aromatica;
- succus amarus;
- acidum ascorbinicum.
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