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Basics of Latin in Pharmacia (for students in the English medium). Study aid

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141
hyster
metra
— uterus (in surgery and endos- copy)
— uterus (in other cases)
phleb
endo­exo-
— vein
— inside, within, inner layer — outside, outer layer
Task VI. Find the term-elements in the following Latin terms and explain their meanings. Write down the dictionary form of these words.
myotomia nephrectomia endophlebitis endocarditis gastroscopia
anatomia cryotherapia thalassotherapia metroptosis endogenesis
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task VII. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- spiritus aethylicus;
- usus parenteralis;
- quercus alta (altus, a, um — tall).
Task VIII. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. vitamin rosehip syrup
2. solution of progestrol in oil
3. berries of chinese magnolia-vine
4. extract from the root of snowdon rose
5. Fruits of sea buckthorn are yellow.
6. Fruits of apricot tree contains sugar, starch, and citric acid. (citric acid —
acidum citricum).
7. (sing) Dry fruits of berberis.
8. (plur.) Keep the dried fruits of berberies in the box.
9. (sing) Mix the fruits of berbersis with sugar
10. Doctors use fruits, cortex, leaves and seeds of Chinese magnolia-vine
142
Task IX. Derive Latin and English terms with the following meanings, write down the dictionary form of Latin words.
1. a surgical removal of kidney
2. examination of the eye
3. bleeding from the vein
4. loosening and separation of a nail from its bed
5. inflammation of the vein with blood clot formation (inside it)
6. insensibility resulting from cold
7. headache
8. fungal ear infection (non-inflammatory)
9. low calcium level in the blood (serum)
10. high blood pressure
143
19. NOUNS OF THE 5TH DECLENSION
MEDICINES FOR DIGNOSTICS
The 5th declension also combines words of feminine gender. But they have the ending -es in Nom. sing and the ending -ei in Gen. sing. There are no adjectives of the 5th declension. That’s why it’s necessary to agree the gender of the adjective with the gender of the nouns. The gender of both words is similar, but the declensions are different.
5th declension
Example
singularis
pluralis
singularis
pluralis
Nom.
es es
5f 1f
facies lata
facies latae
Gen.
ei
erum
faciei latae
facierum latarum
Dat.
ei
ebus
faciei latae
faciebus latis
Acc.
em
es
faciem latam
facies latas
Abl.
e
ebus
facie lata
faciebus latis
There is one exception: the word dies, ei, m — day is of masculine gender. The noun dies, ei, m is declined according to the 5th declension but the adjective with this noun is declined as masculine gender (2nd or 3d declension).
The word species, erum, f means tea, species. This pharmaceutical and biolog­ical term is used only in plural form in Latin.
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
caries, ei, f Carum, i, n dies, ei, m dies, ei, f dies constitita rabies, ei, f res, rei, f res rudis res rudes scabies, ei, f
— caries, decay, putrefaction — caraway, Persian cumin — day — fixed day, appointed day — stated day, day certain — rabies, lyssa — thing — raw material — crude plant — scabies
species, ei, f
— officinal mixture, herb repertory (a mixture of differ-
ent herbs or parts of plants in pharmacy it is used only in plural)
144
species antiasthmaticae species aromaticae species cholagogue species diaphoreticae species diureticae species gastricae species laxantes species sedativae species pectorales superficies, ei, f
— class, sort, a thing of a particular kind — antiasthmatic species — aromatic tea — choleretic tea — diaphoretic species — diuretic tea — gastric tea — laxative tea — nervine tea — pectoral species — surface
LATIN WORD COMBINATIONS AND LATIN APHORISMS
contra rabiem contra scabiem pro die
In medias res.
Est modus in rebus (Horatius).
— against rabies — against scabies — daily dosage
— into the midst of things, into the middle of a narrative
— everything in reason, everything has a limit
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- res rudes (plur.);
- dies vernalis;
- caries chronica.
Task II. Translate the following word combinations from Latin into English.
1. Sunt species Plantaginis: Plantago major, Plantago media et Plantago psylli-
um (plantago psyllum — flea plantain).
2. Species aromaticae est remedium pro usu externo.
3. Linimentum Benzylii benzoatis medicinalis, solutio Natrii thiosulfatis et sul-
fur praescipitatum remedia contra scabiem sunt.
4. Radices Valerianae, flores Chamomillae et fructus Carvi pro speciebus gas-
tricis.
5. Vaccinum antirabicum seu vaccinum contra rabiem.
6. Dosis Norsulfazoli pro dosi 2.0 et pro die 7.0.
145
7. Species sunt: species aromaticae, species pectorales, species antiasthmaticae,
species cholagogae, species laxantes etc.
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. roots, flowers, leaves of marshmallow
2. fruits of olive tree in oil
3. glycozides in the leaves of senna
4. simple powder and composite powder
5. The flowers of senna are yellow.
6. (sing.) Dry the flowers, root and rhizome in order to obtain herb repertory.
7. (plur.) Mix various herbs in order to obtain herb repertory.
8. Aqueous infusion of the kernels of the apricot tree is a sedative remedy.
9. Amygdalin in the kernels of the fruits of apricot tree is toxic.
10. Infusion made of dried fruits is a cholagogic and laxative remedy.
Task IV. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into Latin.
186
Take:
Fruits of anise Root of marshmallow Root of licorice Buds of pine Leaves of sage Distilled water Mix in order to obtain infusion. Give. Designate.
10.0
20.0
20.0
10.0
10.0 250 ml
187
Take:
Cortex of berberies Leaves of mentae Root of valerian Flowers of hawthorn Mix in order to obtain herb repertory. Give. Designate.
60.0
60.0
40.0
160.0
188
Take:
Fruits of berberis Leaves of birch Herb of levant wormwood Mix in order to obtain choleretic tea. Give. Designate.
in equal measures of 30.0
146
189
Take:
Fruits of guilder-rose Distilled water Honey Mix in order to obtain infusion. Give. Designate.
25.0 250 ml 250 ml
190
Take:
Root of berberis Root of dandelion Root of rhubarb Mix in order to obtain herb repertory. Give. Designate.
in equal measures of
Task V. Study the parts of the terms which asre used in the names of med­icines.
MEDICINES FOR DIAGNOSTICS
radiocontrast
gnost trast graf vist opaque
Bilignostum Chromolymphotrastum Cholografin Ultravist Omnipaque
names of radioactive materi­als like Tallium, Technecium etc.
Tallii chloridum Technetril radiocontrast with iodine
io
Iodamid
radiocontrast with barium
bar(ium)
Bar Vips
fluorescein
fluor
Fluorescit
other variants
scan ray vid (from video)
Scanlux Optiray Cholevid (chole + video)
Task VI. Read the names of the medicines, find meaningful parts of the words, and explain what the medicine is used for.
Aethyotratum Oragrafin-sodium Technemek
Visipaque Iopamidol Barium sulphate
Rezoscan Renovist Iodofen
147
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task VII. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- species laxantes;
- fructus recens;
- unguentum simplex.
Task VIII. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. (plur.) Listen to the doctor well.
2. Grind the herbs.
3. Cool the infusion.
4. Juniper is a tree. (juniper — Juniperus, i, f)
5. Fruits of juniper with milfoil are used.
6. Streptomycin is used for tuberculosis.
7. Theobromine is a diuretic remedy.
8. (He) uses theobromine carefully.
9. Antidiphtherical serum is a solution for intramuscular injections. (antidiph-
therical — antidiphthericus, a, um).
10. (sing.) Keep antidiphtherial serum in ampouls.
Task IX. Read the names of the medicines, find meaningful parts of the words, and explain what the medicine is used for.
Valrubicin Butalbital Andirol Piroflam Lomustine Cefdinir
Passidorm Flurazepam Etonogestrel Fluticasone Tetracycline Telbivudine
Pioglitazone Adebit Mepivacaine Nepafenac Valganciclovir Nitrofungin-Teva
148
20. DEGREES OF COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES. MEDICINES FOR BLOOD DISEASES
AND BLOOD VESSEL DISEASES
There are three degrees of comparison of adjectives in the Latin language: Gradus positivus (the Positive degeree or the initial form of the adjective), Gradus comparativus (the comparative degree) and gradus superlativus (the superlative de­gree). For example, short — shorter — the shortest (English).
To make the form of the Comparative degree it is necessary to add the suffix­es —ior for masculine (m) and feminine genders (f) or —ius for neuter gender (n) to the stem of the initial adjective in the Positive degree.
E.g. latus, a, um → latior (m, f), latius (n) (English: wide — wider),
brevis, e → brevior, ius (English: short — shorter),
recens, ntis → recentior, ius (English: fresh — fresher).
The adjectives in the Comparative degree are declined according to the main (consonant) type of the 3rd declension [See Unit 19]. The stem of this kind of adjec­tives always has -ior in the Genitive Case and in all other cases:
Singularis
Pluralis
m, f
n
m, f
n
Nom.
brevior
brevius
breviores
breviora
Gen.
brevioris
breviorum
Dat.
breviori
brevioribus
Acc.
breviorem
brevius
breviores
breviora
Abl.
breviore
brevioribus
To make the form of the Superlative degree it is necessary to add the suffix ­issim and the endings -us (for masculine gender), -a (for feminine gender) and -um
(for neutral gender) to the stem of the initial adjective in the positive degree.
E.g. latus, a, um → latissimus (m), a (f), um (n)
brevis, e → brevissimus, a, um
recens, ntis → recentissimus, a um
All the adjectives in the Superlative degree are declined as the adjectives of the 1st and 2nd declensions [See Unit 2, Unit 6]. It’s important to remember that the gen- der of the adjectives depends upon the gender of the noun. If the adjective is of femi­nine gender the endings of the 1st declension are used. If the adjective is of masculine or neuter gender the endings of the 2nd declension are used.
149
Singularis
Pluralis
f m n f m
n
Nom.
latissima
latissimus
latissimum
latissimae
latissimi
latissima
Gen.
latissimae
latissimi
latissimarum
latissimorum
Dat.
latissimae
latissimo
latissimis
latissimis
Acc.
latissimam
latissimum
latissimum
latissimas
latissimos
latissima
Abl.
latissima
latissimo
latissimis
latissimis
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Make the forms of Comparative and Superlative degrees of the fol­lowing adjectives.
purus, a, um acutus, a, um spissus, a, um amarus, a, um lucidus, a, um calidus, a, um
dulcis, e subtilis, e mollis, e gravis, e puinguis, e fortis, e
Task II. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- pulvis subtilissimus;
- semen amarius;
- dosis letalis.
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. the purest vaseline in the ointment
2. a bitter decoction made of herbs
3. crude plant made of herbs
4. daily dose of nervine tea
5. Hydrargirum is heavy, iron is heavier.
6. (sing.) Filter and cool the infusion.
7. Honey and sugar are sweet.
8. Distilled water is the cleanest.
9. Doctors use the purest ether for narcosis
10. Impalpable powders are prepared at the chemist’s. (impalpable powder —
pulvis subtilissimus)
150
Task IV. Translate the following medical prescriptions from Latin into English.
(pulvis subtilissimus — impalpable powder)
191
Recipe:
Argenti nitratis Воli albae qantum satis ut fiant pilulae Numero 20 Da. Signa.
0.1
192
Recipe:
Aetheris pro narcosi Chinini hydrochloridi Spiritus aethylici 95 % Olei Persicorum Misce. Da. Signa.
35.0
0.5 3 ml ad 60.0
193
Recipe:
Specierum sedativarum Da. Signa.
50.0
194
Recipe:
Pulveris Xeroformii subtilissimi Da. Signa.
30.0
195
Recipe:
Solutionis Zinci sulfatis 0.25 % Acidi borici purissimi Misce. Da. Signa.
10 ml
0.2
Task V. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into Latin.
196
Take:
Leaves of gum tree Leaves of sage Flowers of Chamomile Peppermint oil Mix in order to obtain herb repertory. Give. Designate.
in equal measures of 3.0
2.0 5 drops
197
Take:
Impampable powder of streptocid Cod-liver oil Mix. Give. Designate.
10.0
100.0
198
Take:
Oil of Vaseline Oil of peppermint Mix. Give. Designate.
200.0 2 drops
199
Take:
Impalpable powder of streptocide Yellow vaseline Mix in order to obtain ointment. Give. Designate.2
2.0
10.0
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