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Файл:Basics of Latin in Pharmacia (for students in the English medium). Study aid
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101
pro adultis
vegetabile, is, n
acidum ascorbinicum (C)
Axerophtholum, i, n (A)
Berberis, idis, f
Brassica, ae, f
Cyanocobalaminum, i, n (B12)
Furacilinum, i, n
Glucosum, i, n
Ledum, i, n
Methylii salicylas, atis, m
Progesteronum, i, n
Pyridoxinum, i, n (B6)
Retinolum, i, n
theanus, a, um
Scopolia, ae, f
Thiaminum, i, n (B1)
Thyreoidinum, i, n
cum + Abl.
ex + Abl.
— for adults
— plant, herb
— ascorbic acid, vitamin C
— axerophthol, vitamin A
— barberry, berberis
— mustard
— cyanocobalomine, vitamin B12
— furatsilin, Furacilin
— glucose
— ledum, wild rosemary
— methyl salicylate
— progesterone
— pyridoxine, vitamin B6
— retinol
— tea (adj)
— scopolia
— thiamine, vitamin B1
— thyreoidine
— with (preposition)
— from, out of, made of (preposition)
LATIN APHORISMS
Lege artis
Cum grano salis
— according to the all rules of the art
— with irony, mockingly
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Make 3 columns of nouns of the 3rd declension according to the
3 types:
mucilago, inis, f; Ribes, is, f; cor, cordis, n; caput, itis, n; solutio, onis, f;
bilis, is, f; sal, is, n; mare, is, n; ars, artis, f; Secale, is, n; animal, alis, n;
liquor, oris, m; calcar, aris, n; dens, ntis, m; pars, partis, f; cutis, is, f;
pulvinar, aris, n; rete, is, n
main or consonant type
vowel type
mixed type
102
Task II. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- animal aegrotum;
- apis viva;
- cor sanum.
Task III. Translate the following word combinations from Latin into
English.
1. Extractum stigmatum Zeae maydis fluidum.
2. Briketum rhizomatum cum radicibus Valerianae (cum — with)
3. Rhizomata cum radicibus Glycyrrhizae.
4. Pulvis foliorum Digitalis et Saccharum lactis.
5. Elixir et extractum Glycyrrhizae.
6. Haematogenum siccum pro infantibus.
7. Morbi dentium et aurium.
8. Potentia Hydrogenii (ph).
9. Natrii phosphas exsiccatus.
10. Methylenum coeruleum pulvis crystallisatus est.
Task IV. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. diseases of animals
2. diseases of the thyroid gland
3. salts of potassium
4. diseases of teeth
5. oily solution of retinol
6. Granules of medicine for children.
7. Dried rhizomes of maral root.
8. (sing.) Give dragees number 50 in the box.
9. (sing.) Сollect yellow flowers of the dandelion.
10. (plur.) Prepare an ointment of bee venom.
103
Task V. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
136
Take:
Honey
Pork lard
Mustard powder
Mix. Give. Designate.
30.0
15.0
15.0
137
Take:
Mustard powder
Milk
Mix in order to obtain decoction.
Give. Designate.
30.0
400 ml
138
Take:
Oil of henbane
Chlorophorm
Mix. Give. Designate.
40.0
20.0
139
Take:
Solution of thiamine bromide 6 %
Give such doses number 6 in ampouls.
Designate.
1 ml
140
Take:
Cyanocabalamine
Sodium chloride
Water for injections
Mix in order to obtain solution for injections.
Designate.
0.0005
0.009
up to 1 ml
Task VI. Study and memorize the following term-elements.
aden
bio
cephal
dia
gnosis
iatria
iater
ideus
— gland
— life
— head
— through
— knowledge, science
— treatment, practical science
— a specialist
— like that of, likeness
mnesia
onych
oxy
paedi
pro
physis
toc(os)
— memory, remembering
— nail
— sharp, pointed, acid; oxygen
— child
— before, prior to
— nature
— delivery, labour
104
Task VII. Find the term-elements in the following Latin terms and explain
their meanings. Write down the dictionary form of these words.
amnesia
mnemasthenia
pharmacognosia
diagnosis
cephalgia
adenoma
onychomycosis
lymphadenitis
physiologia
psychiater
histopathologus
prognosis
biologia
Oxytocinum
physiotherapia
dermatomycosis
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task VIII. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. fragmented shoots of ledum
2. infusion of cortex and roots of berberis
3. solution of furacillin in the flask
4. axerophtoline acetate in gelatin capsules
5. cod liver oil in dragee
6. Fish oil contains acids, sulfur, and bromine.
7. Ledum contains etheric oil.
8. Ledum is a spasmolytic, diuretic, and bactericidal remedy.
9. Oily solution of axerophtoline is yellow.
10. Retinol and axerophtoline are in the fish oil and milk.
105
14. NOUNS OF THE 3rd DECLENSION:
SPECIFIC ASPECTS
ANTIBIOTIC MEDICINES
Besides three general types of nouns of the 3
rd
declension (consonant, vowel,
mixed), there are also some more specific features in this group of words:
1. Parisyllabic nouns of feminine gender of Greek origin. In Latin dictionaries
all Greek words are usually marked by the letters Gr. These words have endings -is
both in Nominative singular and in Genetive singular (is, is, f), e.g. dosis, is, f.
Greek words have the following changes in the endings of cases:
Acc. sing. -im,
Abl. Sing. -i,
Gen. plur. -ium.
Other endings are similar to the endings of cases of the consonant type [See
Unit 19].
Example (Greek words)
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
3f 1f
dosis minima
doses minimae
Gen.
dosis minimae
dosium minimarum
Dat.
dosi minimae
dosibus minimis
Acc.
dosim minimam
doses minimas
Abl.
dosi minima
dosibus minimis
2. There are also four Latin words that when declined have the endings of
Greek words. They are: tussis, is, f — cough,
pertussis, is, f — whooping cough,
febris, is, f — fever,
pelvis, is, f — pelvis.
3. The nouns of the neuter gender with the ending -ma in the Nominative Case
and -atis in Genetive case (ma, atis, n), e.g. symptoma, atis, n. These nouns are also
of Greek origin. They have the following changes in the endings: Dat. plur. -is
106
Abl. plur. -is.
Other endings are similar to the endings of cases of the consonant type [See
Unit 19].
Example (-ma, atis, n)
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
symptoma bonum
symptomata bona
Gen.
symptomatis boni
symptomatum bonorum
Dat.
symptomati bono
symptomatis bonis
Acc.
symptoma bonum
symptomata bona
Abl.
symptomate bono
symptomatis bonis
4. The word vas, vasis, n has a unique system of declension. In the singular
number it is declined according to the paradigm of the 3rd declension of nouns (consonant type, neuter gender), in the plural number it is declined according to the paradigm of the 2nd declension (neuter gender).
Singularis
endings of the 3rd declension
Pluralis
endings of the2nd declension
Nom.
vas
vasa
Gen.
vasis
vasorum
Dat.
vasi
vasis
Acc.
vas
vasa
Abl.
vase
vasis
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
Mind that words marked with «Gr» (Greek) can be used in clinical terminology.
* analysis, is, f (Gr.)
basis, is, f (Gr.)
* crisis, is, f (Gr.)
* diagnosis, is, f (Gr.)
dosis, is, f (Gr.)
* lysis, is, f (Gr.)
* narcosis, is, f (Gr.)
* necrosis, is, f (Gr.)
* phthisis, is, f (Gr.)
— analysis
— basis, base
— crisis 1) the turning-point of a disease,
2) sudden change in the condition
— diagnosis
— dose
— loosening, dissolution, resorption;
break down of smth, disintegration, destruction
— narcosis, (general) anaesthesia
— necrosis, death of (cell) tissues, necrotic process in …
— tuberculosis, phthisis
107
LATIN WORD COMBINATIONS
ad profilaxim
contra tussim
contra febrim
pro narcosi
pro dosi
dosis maxima
dosis minima
dosis curativa
dosis toxica
dosis letalis
— for prophylaxis, for prevention
— for cough
— for fever
— for narcosis
— for a single dose
— the highest dose
— minimal dose
— therapeutic dose
— toxic dose
— lethal dose
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- vas sanguiferum;
prognosis, is, f (Gr.)
prophylaxis, is, f (Gr.)
* ptosis, is, f (Gr.)
* sclerosis, is, f (Gr.)
* sepsis, is, f (Gr.)
(* sept)
tuberculosis, is, f (Gr.)
febris, is, f
tussis, is, f
pertussis, is, f
asthma, atis, n
gramma, atis, n
plasma, atis, n
symptoma, atis n
systema, atis, n
trauma, atis, n
vas, vasis, n
Phthivazidum, i, n
contra + Acc.
— prognosis, prediction
— prevention, prophylaxis
— sinking down or prolapse of an organ, dropping down
— sclerosis, stiffening of a tissue, overgrowth
— sepsis (a severe medical condition in
which bacteria enter the blood after
an operation or accident); putrefaction
— tuberculosis
— fever
— cough
— pertussis, whooping-cough
— asthma
— gram
— plasma, blood plasma
— symptom, sign
— system
— trauma, injury
— vessel
— Phthivazid(e)
— against, for (a disease or disorder)
108
- prognosis bona;
- systema nervosum.
Task II. Translate the following word combinations from Latin into
English.
1. Chloretoni 0,3-0,5 pro dosi ut sedativum, 0,5-1,0 pro dosi ut hipnoticum
praescribuntur.
2. Gamma-globulinum ad prophylaxim morbillorum (morbilli, orum — measles) adhibetur.
3. Acidum barbituricum est basis constructionis chemicae multorum medicamentorum hypnoticorum et narcoticorum quae barbiturates vocantur.
4. Spasmolytinum, Thiphenum, Aprophenum, Diprophenum, Dibazolum sunt
remedia spasmolytica.
5. Farfara ad tussim adhibetur. (ad tussim — in case of cough, for cough)
6. Mixtura sicca cum extracto Thermopsidis contra tussim pro adultis.
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. chronic dry cough
2. the highest doses of poisonous and potent drugs
3. medicine for a single dose
4. maximal, minimal, and therapeutic doses of phthivizide
5. aether for narcosis
6. diseases of vessels
7. tablets for cough number 20
8. ammonia-anise drops for cough
9. Patients with sepsis are prescribed antibiotics.
10. Phthivazid (e) is a remedy for tuberculosis.
Task IV. Translate the following medical prescriptions from Latin into
English.
141
Recipe:
Dimedroli
Ephedrini hydrochlorici
Olei Persicorum
Misce. Da. Signa.
0.001
0.1
guttas III
142
Recipe:
Furacilini
Da in tabulettis Numero 20.
Signa.
0.1
109
143
Recipe:
Codeini phosphatis
Phenobarbitali
Kalii bromidi
Natrii bromidi
Natrii nitratis
Aquae destillatae
Misce. Da. Signa.
0.15
1.0
ana 7.0
1.0
ad 300 ml
144
Recipe:
Olei Helianthi
Liquoris Ammonii caustici
Acidi oleinici
Misce ut fiat linimentum.
Da. Signa.
7.4.
2.5 ml
0.1
145
Recipe:
Solutionis Atropini sulfatis 1 %
Sterilisa!
Misce. Da. Signa.
10 ml
Task V. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
146
Take:
Ledum
Distilled water
Mix in order to obtain infusion.
Give. Designate.
10.0
up to 200 ml
147
Take:
Sunflower oil
Chloroform
Mix. Give. Designate.
in equal measures of 15.0
148
Take:
Methyl salicylate
Chloroform
Oil of henbane
Mix. Give. Designate.
in equal measures of 10.0
30.0
149
Take:
Iodine
Potassium iodide
Phenobarbital
Bromcamphor
Powder and extract of the dandelion
root in a sufficient quantity in order to
obtain pills.
0.015
in equal measures 0.15
3.0
110
Give such doses number 30.
Designate.
150
Take:
Dry extract of rheum
Give such doses number 6
Designate.
1.0
GROUPS OF MEDICINES
What is in the name of a medicine?
A drug class is a group of medications with similar properties. There various
types of medicine classification into the groups: therapeutic action, pharmocological
action, mechanism of action, molecular structure, nosology etc.
One drug can be classified in several different ways based on its mechanism of
action, physiological effects, and chemical structure etc. One term describes the
mechanism of action (e.g. antihypertensive), while the other describes the physiological effect (e.g. vasodilation).
The names of medicines can show the information about:
- the plant or chemical substance it is made of (e.g. Adonisidum (Adonis —
plant), Ferrumlek (ferrum — iron)),
- combination medicines (e.g. Theodibaverinum (Teobrominum + Dibaso-
lum + Papaverinum),
- the condition or symptom it is used for (Memoria (memory), Pectussinum
(pectus — thorax + tussis — cough)),
- organ it is used to treat for (Gasterinum (gastr — stomach)),
- name of the pharmaceutical company (Apo-Asa (Apotex Inc. + asa —
acetylsalicylic acid) or the name of the city in which it was derived in (Nystatinum —
named for the New York State Department of Health),
- names of scientists (Fibs (Fi — academician Philatov + b — biogenic + s —
stimulator)
- prefixes show the effectiveness of medicines (supra-, ultra- (Supradinum —
supra + odin — pain)),
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