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Файл:Basics of Latin in Pharmacia (for students in the English medium). Study aid
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131
6. Fatty acids in the seeds of flax
7. Synestrol for intramuscular injections
8. Ledum is a marshy plant.
9. (sing.) Prescribe liquid extract of burnet.
10. (plur.) Prepare fatty acid.
Task IX. Translate the text
Olea pinquia
Olea pinquia e seminibus et fructibus pressurā conficiuntur. Olea, pressura
frigidā obtenta, ad praeparationem solutionem injectabilium adhibentur. Olea pinguia
liquores oleosi sunt lucidi, colorati aut odoris expertes aut cum odore infirmo in aqua
non solvuntur, bene solubilia in Cloroformio et Aethere sunt.
In Pharmacopoea olea pinquia describuntur: oleum Amygladarum, oleum Arachidis, oleum Cacao (seu butyrum Cacao), oleum Helianthi, oleum jecoris, oleum
Lini, oleum Persicorum, oleum Ricini. Prerumque olea pinguia ut constituentia ad
praeparationem unguentorum, pastarum, linimentorum, suppositorium, globulorum
vaginalium et solutionum praescribuntur. Nonnulla olea pinquia oleum Ricini, vper
se habent.
pressura — received by compression
conficere — to produce
obtentus, a, um — obtained
ad — for
lucidus, a, um — light, bright, transparent
coloratus, a, um — colored
expertes — deprived of, (having no …)
infirmus, a, um — weak
prerumque — most of all
nonnulus, a, um — some, a certain amount
132
17. THE PRESENT PARTICIPLE.
ANTINEOPLASTIC MEDICINES
The forms of the Present Participle are derived from Latin verbs. To form the
Present Participle the suffix -ns is added to the stem of the verb of the 1st and 2nd conjugations, the suffix -ens is added to the stem of the verbs of the 3rd and 4th conjugations. The dictionary form of the Present Participle is similar to the one of adjectives
with one ending. It consists of the word in Nominative case singular and the ending
of Genetive case singular with the last part of the stem.
1
laborare (to work)
labora + ns → laborans, ntis (working)
2
docēre (to teach)
doce + ns → docens, ntis (teaching)
3
corrigěre (to correct)
corrig + ens → corrigens, ntis (correcting)
4
audire (to listen)
audi + ens → audiens, ntis (listening)
The Present Participle is declined like the adjectives of the 3rd declension [See
Unit 24].
Singularis
Pluralis
m, f
n
m, f
n
Nom.
corrigens
corrigentes
corrigentia
Gen.
corrigentis
corrigentium
Dat.
corrigenti
corrigentibus
Acc.
corrigentem
corrigens
corrigentes
corrigentia
Abl.
corrigenti
corrigentibus
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
adjuvans, ntis
adstringens, ntis
anticoagulans, ntis
anticoncipiens, ntis
constituents, ntis
corrigens, ntis
defendens, ntis
expectorans, ntis
laxans, ntis
— adjuvant, supportive
— astringent, astrictive
— anticoaglulant, anticoagulative
— contraceptive
— excipient, making-cup
— corrigent, corrective (taste-masking or smell-masking)
— protective
— expectorant, expectorative
— laxative, purgative
133
nutriens, ntis
recipiens, ntis
stimulans, ntis
arvensis, e
chinensis, e
durus, a, um
fortis, e
gravis, e
grossus, a, um
levis, e
mitis, e
mollis, e
viridis, e
Viride (is) nitens (ntis)
Morphinum, i, n
aseptica et antiseptica
— nutrient, nutritious
— recipient, receiving, taking
— stimulant, stimulating, exciting
— field, fieldgrowing
— Chinese
— hard, firm, solid
— potent, strong, powerful
— heavy
— gross, big, large
— light
— mild, soft, gentle (about action or effect)
— soft
— green, verdant
— brilliant green
— morphine
— remedies that prevents infections and fights them
LATIN APHORISMS
Fortes fortuna ad-
juvat.
Sapienti sat.
— Fortune favours the bold
— Enough for the wise. (Indicates that something can be un-
derstood without any need for explanation, as long as the listener has
enough wisdom or common sense)
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- radix dulcis;
- schizandra chinensis;
- remedium astringens.
Task II. Make the participles and translate them into the English.
1. assistĕre (to help) —
2. recipĕre (to get, to receive) —
3. aspirare (to aspire, to strive, to direct) —
4. intelligĕre (to know, to understand) —
5. agere (to act, to operate) —
6. praesidere (to lead, to hand) —
7. constare (to remain unchanged) —
134
8. dividĕre (to divide) —
9. linire (to rub, to lubricate) —
10. curare (to treat for, to cure) —
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. astringent juices
2. protective pastes
3. contraceptive balls
4. Substances are adjuvant, excipient, corrigent.
5. Vaseline in the form of ointment is an excipient remedy.
6. Cacao oil is an excipient remedy.
7. Sugar, various syrups are corrigent remedies.
10. Morphine is a sedative substance.
Task IV. Translate from Latin into English.
1. Cortex, folia et flores plantarum variorum ad curationem aegrotorum
adhibentur.
2. Colores multorum florum pulchri sunt; nullus flow sine colore est; multi
flores autem sine odore sunt.
3. Praepara sulutionem Glucosi sterilisatam pro injectionibus.
4. Medicamenta aegrotis per os, sub cutem et per rectum intraduntur.
5. Streptocidum seu Sulfanilamidum remedium bactericidum est contra strep-
tococcus, meningococcos, gonococcos, pneumococcus, nonullo (some) bacteria alia.
6. Infusum Sennae compositum liquor lucidus (transparent) cum odore mellis
est; ut remedium laxans adhibetur.
7. Compositio unguenti ophthalmici: Viridis nitentis 0.025, Cupri sulfatis et
Streptocidi ana 0.2, Vaselini 10.0.
Task V. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
176
Take:
Tincture of the seeds of chinese
magnolia-vine
Give in a dark flask.
Designate:
25 ml
177
Take:
Infusion of plantain leaves
Give.
10.0 — 200 ml
135
Designate:
178
Take:
Syrupus aloe with iron
Give. Designate:
100.0
179
Take:
Chlorophorm
Sunflower oil
Mix in order to obtain liniment
Give. Designate.
in equal measures of 20.0
180
Take:
Pulvis of leaves of digitalis
Quinine hydrochloride
Bromcamphor
Mix in order to obtain powder.
Give such doses number 12.
Designate.
0.03
0.05
0.25
Task VI. Study the parts of the terms which asre used in the names of
medicines.
ANTINEOPLASTIC
cytostatic agen
onco
sar(c), sar, zar
blast
cyt, cit
mit(o)
leu(k)
Oncotan
Sarcolysinum
Blastocarb
Cytosar
Mitomycin
Leukeran
inhibitors of enzymes
tinib
zomib
Crizotinib
Bortezomib
cytotoxic antibiotics
bicin
Doxorubicin
alkylating agent antineoplastic
mustine
Carmustine
Task VII. Read the names of the medicines, find meaningful parts of the
words, and explain what the medicine is used for.
Oncocarbamid
Blastocin
Citomid
Verozomib
Leuprorelin
Mitoxantrone
Zanozar
Cytarabiminum
Estramustine
Imatinib
Epirubicin
Carmustine
136
ADDITIONAL ASSIGNMENTS
Task VIII. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- remedium stimulans;
- morbus adjuvans.
Task IX. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. contraceptive patches
2. anticoagulative serum
3. mild substances into the remedies
4. fine powder
5. roots with rhizomes
6. rectal suppositories with sea buckthorn oil
7. White clay is a forming remedy.
8. Sugar is a correcting and forming remedy.
9. (They) dissolve brilliant green in water.
10. (sing.) Pour syrup for cough.
Task X. Read the names of the medicines, find meaningful parts of the
words, and explain what the medicine is used for.
Fungizone
Imipramine
Clindamycin DormiplantValeriana Risperidone
Abactal
Efferalgan
Midazolam
Zidovudine
Glidiab
Femoden
Desonide
Umifenovir
Sulfasalazine
Troglitazone
Prednisone
Ketoconazole
Cefprozil
Omnandren
Glumedex
Tramadol
137
18. THE NOUNS OF THE 4TH DECLENSION
The 4th declension combines the nouns of the masculine and neuter gender.
Nouns of the masculine gender of the 4th declension have the endings -us in
Nom. sing and the ending -us in Gen. sing., e.g. processus, us, m.
The difference between the nouns of the masculine gender of the 4th declension
and the nouns of the masculine gender of the 2nd declension is in the form of the
Genetive case. Study the differences:
2 declension
us, i, m
musculus, i, m
4 declension
us, us, m
ductus, us, m
There are no adjectives of the 4th declension. Thus, it’s necessary to agree the
gender of the adjective with the gender of the noun. Both the noun and the adjective
are characterized by similar gender but their declensions are different (the endings are
not similar as well).
4
th
declension
Example (masculinum)
Singularis
Pluralis
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
-us
-us
4m 2m
usus internus
usus interni
Gen.
-us
-uum
usus interni
usuum internorum
Dat.
-ui
-ibus
usui interno
usibus internis
Acc.
-um
-us
usum internum
usus internos
Abl.
-u
-ibus
usu interno
usibus internis
There are some exceptions: acus, us, f — needle, manus, us, f — hand, Quer-
cus, us, f — oak. These words are declined according to the 4nd declension of mascu-
line gender. But the adjective with these nouns are declined as feminine gender (1st or
3d declensions).
Example (exception)
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
4 1f
acus acuta
acus acutae
Gen.
acus acutae
acuum acutarum
Dat.
acui acutae
acibus acutis
Acc.
acum acutam
acus acutas
Abl.
acu acuta
acibus acutis
138
Nouns of the neuter gender have the endings -u in Nom. sing and the ending us in Gen. sing., e.g. cornu, -us, n.
4th declension
Example (neutrum)
Singularis
Pluralis
Singularis
Pluralis
Nom.
-u -ua
4n 2n
gelu album
gelua alba
Gen.
-us
-uum
gelus albi
geluum alborum
Dat.
-u
-ibus
gelu albo
gelibus albis
Acc.
-u
-ua
gelu album
gelua alba
Abl.
-u
-ibus
gelu albo
gelibus albis
ACTIVE VOCABULARY
acus, us, f
cornu, us, n
electuarium, i, n
fructus, us, m
gelu, us, n
habitus, us, m
immaturus, a, um
maturus, a, um
lacteus, a, um
nucleus, i, m
spiritus, us, m
spiritus aethylicus seu spiritus Vini
spiritus camphoratus
spiritus formicus
status, us, m
textus, us, m
usus, us, m
manus, us, f
Quercus, us, f
Coriandrum, i, n
Daucus carota = Daucus sativus
Methylenum coeruleum
— needle
— horn
— electuary (a medicine consisting of a powder or
other ingredient mixed with something sweet such as
honey to make it more palatable)
— fruit
— ice
— appearance, figure, constitution
— immature
— mature
— lacteous (milk-like)
— nucleus, kernel
— alcohol, spirit
— ethyl or wine alcohol
— camphor alcohol
— formic alcohol
— state, condition
— tissue
— use, usage, taking
— arm, hand
— oak
— coriander
— garden carrot
— methylene blue
139
LATIN WORD COMBINATIONS AND APHORISMS
ad usum internum
(externum, proprium, parenteralem ) =
= pro usu interno
(externo, proprio, parenterali)
ad usum intracutaneum
ad usum supracutaneum
— for internal/external/own/parenteral usage
— for subcutaneous administration
— for dermal administration
Exitus letalis
Lapsus linguae
— fatal outcome
— a slip of the tongue/remark
ASSIGNMENTS
Task I. Decline the following word combinations in all cases:
- fructus dulcis;
- manus sinistra;
- cornu dextrum.
Task II. Translate the following word combinations from Latin into
English.
1. Fructus Crataegi.
2. Fructus seu baccae Juniperi.
3. Exitus letalis morbi.
4. Decoctum fructuum Frangulae.
5. Spiritus aethylicus seu spiritus Vini.
6. Injectio Tymalini pro adultis pro dosi.
7. Pinus silvestris et Berberis vulgaris.
8. Succus lacteus Taraxaci officinalis colorem album habet.
9. In nucleis fructuum nucum continentur oleum pingue (60–75 %) vitaminum A.
10. Olea europaea arbor est. Oliva fructus est.
Task III. Write down the dictionary form of the words and translate the
following word combinations from English into Latin.
1. raspberry fruits
2. decoction of oak bark
3. seeds of coriander
4. diluted ethyl alcohol
5. horns of ergot
140
6. powders for external use
7. fresh fruits and sea buckthorn oil
8. Progesterol is dissolved in ethyl alcohol
9. Pills are medicines for internal use
10. Formic alcohol contains formic acid and ethyl alcohol
Task IV. Translate the following medical prescriptions from English into
Latin.
181
Take:
Roots of burnet
Diluted ethyl alcohol
Mix in order to obtain infusion.
Infilter.
Give. Designate.
20.0
200 ml
182
Take:
Morphine hydrochloride
Sugar
Mix in order to obtain powder.
Give such doses number 6.
Designate.
0.01
0.2
183
Take:
Shepherd’s purse
Cortex of oak
Wine spirit
Distilled water
Mix in order to obtain decoction.
Give. Designate.
30.0
15.0
100 ml
500 ml
184
Take:
Rectal suppositories with the extract of
belladonna
Give such doses number 10
Designate.
3.0
185
Take:
Methylene blue
Solution of glucose 25 %
Give such doses number 3 in ampoules.
Designate.
0.5
50 ml
Task V. Study and memorize the following term-elements.
cry
ectomia
— cold, chill
— surgical removal, dissection
scopia
thalass
tomia
— examination, investigation
— sea water
— incision
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