Психология межкультурных различий. Учебник для вузов

Information theory of ethnos has been used to explain peculiarities of the Russian national character. Culture is viewed as a psychological phenomenon. G Hofstede’s psychological dimensions of culture (individualism – collectivism – masculinity – femininity – distance of authority, avoidance of uncertainty, simplicitycomplexity, openness closeness) have been used to describe the Russian national character. A new cultural dimension has been introduced: intensiveextensive. A concept of extensive Russian culture has been shaped up. In light of L.N.Gumilev’s theory of ethnogenesis the role of landscape, domain and climate in the formation of the Russian character has been investigated. The impact of culture on such cognitive processes as perception, memory, thinking has also been taken into account, as well as expounded the problems and paradoxes of intercultural testing of intellect. The book contains the concept of the “cultural shock”, description of the “cultural distance”, Ucurve of adaptation and W – curve of figurative re adaptation to alien culture. Four types of interaction of cultures are described: genocide, segregation, assimilation, multiculturalism. The manifestations of the Russian national character in the language and folklore have been viewed as well in the light of V.Gumbolt’s concept of psycholinguistic determinism. Particular attention is paid to nonverbal intercultural communication: gestures, poses, mimics, space and time trends in interaction. In conclusion the Russian national character is compared with American, German, English, French and Jewish character. Roots of Russian drunkenness are analyzed. The notions of “national” and “social” character have been separated and are studied such social characters as the “Soviet man” and “new Russians”.