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Файл:Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации. Учебное пособие
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Unit 26. Brazil’s classrooms become a battleground in a culture war
2. Read the article again and fill the gaps with appropriate words.
1) “Many ……………… teachers will be ……………… or revolted”/
2) During the campaign he ……………… its rhetoric/
3) When the ………………was reported to be on the verge of naming a
respected ………………/
4) /the human-rights committee of the ……………… house of congress
proposed a programme called “schools without ………………”/
5) /Brazil’s schools have been ……………… by left-wing teachers and
……………… “pluralism” in the classroom.
6) Freire is a source of “……………… jargon”, not a shaper of policy/
7) /schools are ……………… in “social engineering” that ……………… the
rights of parents.
8) / its goal is not political neutrality but to ……………… a culturally
conservative ………………/
3. Fill the gaps with the missing prepositions in the following wordings.
1) agenda that is intolerant … feminism
2) draw … issues that affected learners
3) sent … a message … Facebook
4) ban teachers … talking about “gender ideology”
5) obsessed … the influence
6) talking … that piece … crap
7) freedom … thought or conscience
8) discussion … gender stereotypes
9) force “Marxist ideology” … their pupils
10) moved … the fringe to the centre
4. Write a summary of the article in Russian.
5. Choose the topic for an essay.
Can globalization aid in coping with the phenomenon of culture war?
Cultural war goes digital.
Possible measures to prevent cultural wars at class/school level.
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6. Translate the text into English.
Немецких школьников решили защитить от пропаганды
Партия «Альтернатива для Германии» в Гамбурге создала сайт «Нейтральные школы», на котором ученики могут пожаловаться на учителей, навязывающих им свое мнение о политике. Инициатива вызвала возмущение в
немецком обществе: петиция против нее на сайте change.org набрала почти
50 тысяч подписей. Об этом сообщило издание “The Local”.
В петиции говорится, что ее авторы «в ужасе от того, что в 2018 году людей снова могут запугать, заставить молчать, что свобода учебного процесса
ограничивается, и к этому привлекают детей». Они также просят государство
вмешаться и применить все законные средства, чтобы ограничить работу
созданной АдГ платформы.
22 октября аналогичный сайт запустили для берлинских школ. Группа
учителей из школы Лины Моргенштерн в германской столице написала руководству «Альтернативы» коллективное письмо. В нем учителя требуют заранее записать их имена в базу в знак протеста против инициативы. «Мы будем
информировать наших учеников всякий раз, как члены вашей партии будут
участвовать в расистских, бесчеловечных, сексистских, ревизионистских,
антисемитских или антидемократических активностях, опасных для мирного
сосуществования в обществе», – говорится в письме. Его текст также сравнивает действия АдГ с действиями нацистского режима: «История учит нас,
что обличения и запугивания заканчиваются тем, что диссидентов сажают в
лагеря».
Противников инициативы поддержал профсоюз работников науки и образования, ассоциация немецких учителей и целый ряд политиков, в том
числе премьер-министр земли Баден-Вюртемберг Винфрид Кречманн. «Они
организуют публичное обличение – это шаги к тоталитаризму», – заявил он.
На сайте инициативы значится, что ее главная цель – защита прав личности и принципа нейтралитета в учебном процессе. Там же заявлено, что
смысл акции намеренно перевирается СМИ и политиками для того, чтобы
дискредитировать партию [16].
Лента.Ру
23 октября, 2018 г.
162
Unit
27
Read and translate the article
Loopholes allow some pensioners in the EU to retire tax-free
Countries are undercutting each other to lure elderly foreigners with money to
spend
WHEN the financial crisis hammered Portugal’s economy, hundreds of thousands
of its people left, taking advantage of the European Union’s rules on free movement
to find work in countries that were hit less hard. Now Portugal is welcoming older
people going in the other direction, not for jobs but for a warm, cheap retirement.
Well-off baby-boomers are flocking to Lisbon, Sintra and the Algarve, drawn in part
by Portugal’s tax exemptions on foreign income. Under its non-habitual-residency
scheme, pensions from abroad can be drawn tax-free for a decade.
Bilateral double-taxation agreements are intended to ensure that income
does not end up being taxed twice. But some countries, seeking to boost domestic
demand by luring wealthy immigrants, have arranged matters so that they can
avoid paying any tax on income earned outside their country of residence, such
as pensions, capital gains and rent. To qualify, foreign pensioners who move to
Portugal need only stick around for six months a year and register as tax-resident.
Portugal is not the only EU country where foreign pensioners can find a sweet
deal. France taxes some pensions taken as a lump sum at 7.5%; with judicious use
of private health insurance, pensioners can also avoid paying the social charges
of 9.1% normally levied on pensions. Malta exempts pensions of up to €13,200
($15,200) from tax altogether, with a flat rate of 15% above that. State pensions
are often excluded from generous exemptions but Cyprus taxes all pensions at
5%, making it particularly attractive for retired civil servants. It also allows people
to withdraw their entire pension pots as a lump sum tax-free.
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
Governments elsewhere are cross about being undercut. Portugal’s most vocal
critics are the Nordics. Finland shredded its tax agreement with Portugal in June. If
Portugal does not accept a draft deal letting Finland tax most pensions drawn by its
retirees there by November, it will start doing so anyway in January. It estimates that
it loses a mere €3m-6m a year in revenue to Portugal, but says that as a matter of
principle it can no longer tolerate “tax refugees”. This is just sour grapes, says Pekka
Pystynen, a retired former executive. Mr. Pystynen spends his winters in his home
in the Algarve and the summers at his cottage in Finland. The tax benefits were a
bonus, he says, but the main draws were the weather and relaxed lifestyle.
Pensioners are important to Portugal’s tourism industry, which contributed
over 17% to the country’s GDP in 2017. One job in five is linked to tourism. The
average pension paid to Finns living in Portugal is around €3,500 a month. Since
prices are a fifth lower than the euro-area average, that goes a long way. According
to Sirpa Uimonen of the University of Helsinki, Finns living in the Algarve spend
€14,700 a year on average, over 20% more than locals do.
Withdrawing from double-taxation agreements is rare. Denmark ended its
deals with Spain and France in 2009, also because of rows about pensions. In
the case of Portugal, other countries may follow Finland’s lead. Sweden’s finance
minister has pressed to do so. More commonly, countries take matters into their
own hands. France is about to start taxing French pensions that are paid abroad.
And a new bilateral agreement means that Britain will soon start taxing British
government-service pensions drawn in Cyprus.
Portugal’s generosity to retired foreigners has been criticised by locals. They
pay up to 48% on their pensions; property prices rose by 10% last year. Extra
demand from foreign buyers will not have helped. One political party, the Left Bloc,
has proposed closing the pensions loophole. Retired foreigners may soon have to
decide whether vinho verde and pasteis de nata are enough of a draw. [55]
The Economist
October 04, 2018
Vocabulary Practice
1. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases from the article.
Loopholes, to retire, undercutting, flocking, tax exemptions, to earn, health
insurance, pension pots, to shred, revenue, generosity, to hammer, taking
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Unit 27. Loopholes allow some pensioners in the EU to retire tax-free
advantage, well-off, luring, domestic, bilateral agreement, double-taxation
agreement, stick around, non-habitual-residency scheme, “tax refugees”.
2. Read the article again and fill the gaps with appropriate words.
1) /the financial crisis …………… Portugal’s economy/
2) More …………… countries take …………… into their own hands.
3) /the main …………… were the weather and …………… lifestyle.
4) / as a matter of …………… it can no longer …………… “tax refugees”.
5) State …………… are often excluded from generous ……………
6) Governments …………… are …………… about being undercut.
7) Since prices are a fifth …………… than the ……………average/
8) Portugal’s …………… to retired foreigners has been …………… by locals.
3. Fill the gaps with the missing prepositions in the following wordings.
1) tax exemptions … foreign income
2) a lump sum … 7.5%
3) they need only stick around … six months a year
4) to be cross … being undercut
5) withdrawing … double-taxation agreement
6) extra demand … foreign buyers
7) taking advantage … the European Union’s rules … free movement
8) enough … a draw
9) take matters … their own hands
10) to boost domestic demand … luring wealthy immigrants
4. Explain and expand on the following sentences from the text.
1) Now Portugal is welcoming older people going in the other direction, not for
jobs but for a warm, cheap retirement.
2) Bilateral double-taxation agreements are intended to ensure that income
does not end up being taxed twice.
3) Portugal is not the only EU country where foreign pensioners can find a
sweet deal.
4) Portugal is not the only EU country where foreign pensioners can find a
sweet deal.
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
5) Pensioners are important to Portugal’s tourism industry.
6) Portugal’s generosity to retired foreigners has been criticised by locals.
5. Choose the topic for an essay.
An ideal pension system (on the example of a country).
Advantages and disadvantages of hiring young employees having lack of
working experience, but full of energy and experienced adults.
Employment opportunities for soon-to-retires.
6. Render the text into English.
Пенсионная система США:
плюсы и минусы позднего выхода на пенсию
Изменения обсуждаются
Хотя все из опрошенных собеседников агентства сходятся на том, что в
настоящий момент пенсионная система в США оптимальна, это не означает,
что она не требует корректировок.
МакДоналд рассказал, что в правительстве обсуждаются изменения законодательства по части накопительных фондов. «Как обычного сталевара защитить от потерь на бирже? Ведь он в этом ничего не понимает», – сказал он.
Кроме того, в США идет дискуссия по поводу пенсионного возраста. Республиканцы, которые составляют большинство в конгрессе, стремятся повысить возраст выхода на пенсию, тогда как демократы выступают хотя бы
за сохранение действующих норм, блокируя законопроекты республиканцев.
В 2017 году спикер палаты представителей Пол Райан (республиканец),
а также активный участник президентской гонки, сенатор-республиканец от
Флориды Марко Рубио предлагали повысить пенсионный возраст до 69 лет.
В 2010 году бывший тогда спикером палаты представителей республиканец
Джон Бейнер внес на обсуждение законопроект с предложением поднять возраст выхода на пенсию до 70 лет.
Мотивация республиканцев – нагрузка пенсионных выплат на бюджет
слишком высока.
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Unit 27. Loopholes allow some pensioners in the EU to retire tax-free
Существующая шкала пенсионного возраста в США устраивает не всех
американцев, и многие выходят на пенсию раньше, несмотря на потерю 20–
30% от своей социальной пенсии. Выплаты накопительной части пенсии в
случае досрочного выхода также облагаются штрафом в 10%, а также в этом
случае с них удерживается налог.
Как следует из данных бюро статистики США, в среднем американцы не
дорабатывают до положенных 67 лет и выходят на пенсию в 63 года с потерями в выплатах. Для госслужащих промежуток, в который они уходят на
заслуженный отдых, – 62–65 лет.
Как следует из отраслевого исследования, проведенного страховой компанией Allstate совместно с National Journal, оптимальный возраст ухода на
пенсию в США находится в промежутке между 60 и 65 годами.
Согласно данным бюро трудовой статистики министерства труда США,
расходы среднего американца за 2016 год составляли около 4,2 тысячи долларов в месяц, или порядка 50,3 тысячи в год (за вычетом выплат в пенсионный фонд). Из них на еду в среднем тратилось примерно 600 долларов в
месяц, или около 7,2 тысячи в год.
На жилье уходили приблизительно 1,6 тысячи долларов в месяц (порядка
19 тысяч в год), на одежду и сервисы – около 150 долларов в месяц (порядка
1,8 тысячи в год). На транспорт американцы тратили около 750 долларов в
месяц (порядка 9 тысяч в год), на покупку машин и затраты на их содержание – около 460 долларов в месяц (порядка 5,5 тысяч в год).
На здравоохранение и выплаты по медицинской страховке уходило примерно 625 долларов в месяц, или около 7,5 тысяч в год, на разного рода развлечения – около 250 долларов в месяц (около 3 тысяч в год) [26].
Соболь Екатерина
РИА Новости
22 июня, 2018 г.
167
Unit
28
Read and translate the article
An Evacuation in North Carolina,
and the Danger of Climate Disasters for an Aging Population
By Charles Bethea
Last month, Charlie Trefzger, the C.E.O. of Affinity Living Group, which bills
itself as the ninth-largest provider of assisted living in the United States, gave an
interview to the trade magazine Senior Housing News, in which he detailed the
“interesting challenges” of evacuating five hundred and fifty elderly and infirm
residents from ten of Affinity’s facilities during Hurricane Florence. The article
praised Affinity’s ready emergency resources – food, water, power generators,
bedding – and the operational logistics required to get them where they were
needed most.
The interview caught my attention because, during my reporting on Florence, I
had spoken with one former and one current employee of Carteret House, an Affinity
facility in Newport, North Carolina, and the story I had heard about what happened
in their case was very different. Big storms and other environmental calamities
create particularly fraught conditions for the residents and staff of such facilities,
as the residents often have limited mobility and may require complicated medical
care. As the U.S. population ages, and as climate change threatens to make severe
storms, and other climate-related disasters, more common, the challenges are
likely to increase. (This past weekend, the Los Angeles Times published a horrifying
account of evacuating a nursing home during California’s deadliest wildfire.) Some
research suggests that, when it comes to the elderly, evacuation should be avoided
when possible. Sometimes, though, you don’t have a choice.
When Hurricane Florence was bearing down on the Carolina coast, on
a Tuesday in September, Carteret employees received a call from corporate
168
Unit 28. An Evacuation in North Carolina, and the Danger of Climate Disasters for an Aging Population
management informing them that a bus would arrive at five o’clock that afternoon
to evacuate them. According to the current employee I spoke to, they also received
a message telling them to “get to the building or you’ll lose your job.” (Trefzger
told me that, if such a message was sent, it must have come from someone “who
didn’t have authority to send it.”) Seven employees didn’t show up, according to
the employee, who asked to remain anonymous, fearing that she could lose her
job. (Trefzger puts the number of no-shows at five.) Carteret provides care to fiftyfive residents, who are between the ages of sixty and ninety-plus. Many of them
suffer from dementia and other neurological disorders; about half require the use of
wheelchairs. Shonda Harden, Carteret’s resident-care manager, called relatives of
the residents before the evacuation began, to see if they wanted to take their loved
ones home. Only a few families did so.
The remaining fifty-one residents, together with eighteen employees and a
handful of their family members, were loaded onto a bus and into a few smaller
vehicles, which took them to a sister facility, Autumn Village, in Beulaville, an hour
and a half away. Harden and the other employee I spoke to looked around the
place as they hastily unpacked. “Residents were tired from being evacuated,” the
employee told me. “They were clinging to their little white plastic bags with enough
clothes for three days, like they’d been told.” Eventually, she said, they were given
places to sleep, with as many as seven people sharing a room. (Trefzger put that
number closer to four, adding, “I went out and bought six hundred cots, eight pallets of
them, wherever we could find them.” An Affinity employee bought air mattresses, as
well.) The eighteen Carteret staff members shared a small day room. The employee
texted me photos that she said she’d taken, after their arrival, with her smartphone:
a roach on a filthy floor, a rusting water fountain, piled-up bags of trash. “You’ve
got fifty to sixty more people in the building than it’s designed to have,” Trefzger
said. “You can’t keep it clean enough.” He also suggested that flooding could have
contributed to the possibility of a pest infestation. According to Trefzger, there were
seventeen open beds for the seventy people Carteret had brought to move in.
They spent eight days there. Food for staff was scarce, the employee said;
Harden told me that the residents passed the time in squalor and boredom. Some
of them sustained injuries, she added. “We had one woman fall and bust her
head open,” the other employee told me. “Another fell against the med cart and
busted his nose.” (“One gentleman was asleep in a chair,” Trefzger said, of this
incident. “He awakened, tried to get out and hit the med cart with his nose. He cut
his nose. It wasn’t bad.”) The employee also described a man who “was having
a hard time breathing all day” and eventually went to the hospital, an account
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
that Trefzger confirmed. Trefzger told Senior Housing News that only one minor
injury was sustained in Affinity’s storm-response efforts; when I asked him about
the discrepancy, he said that he’d only been asked about injuries that occurred
during the transportation phase of the evacuation. (In 2004, the Associated Press
reported that Trefzger and a partner were ducking safety laws and avoiding bills.
Trefzger told me that the piece was “sensationalist” and “political,” and that, in the
years since, he has focussed on doing “the things I need to do to insure that I don’t
have failures in my systems and processes.”)
Harden told me, “When you pack that many people in, with walkers and
wheelchairs and the rest of it – it became dangerous. We were very lucky that
nobody was more seriously hurt.” She added, “There was so much crying. I had
to walk away from a lot of them myself, to keep from breaking down.” The other
employee started to worry about her capacity to care for the residents. “I thought,
I’m so tired that I’m gonna give someone the wrong meds. Or something’s gonna
happen and I’m gonna hurt somebody.”
David Dosa, an associate professor of medicine and public health at Brown
University, is the lead author of a study, published in 2011, that compared the health
outcomes of senior-home residents who were evacuated during four major storms –
Katrina, Rita, Gustave, and Ike – to those who weren’t. “Hurricanes and old people
don’t agree, whether you evacuate or shelter in place,” Dosa told me. “But when
you looked at evacuation as an independent variable, it was actually a risk factor.
We’ve actually killed more elderly people by moving them than by sheltering in
place.” The act of moving is difficult to endure but so, frequently, are the temporary
homes. “You’re generally going to places of lesser quality, because that’s where the
beds are,” he said. Directors and owners of senior homes, as a result, face difficult
choices. Evacuating Carteret House was not necessarily the wrong decision. [39]
Charles Bethea
The New Yorker
November 21, 2018
Vocabulary Practice
1. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases from the article.
Emergency, former employee, environmental calamities, fraught, conditions,
facilities, to threaten, severe, sustained, authority, anonymous, neurological
170
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