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Файл:Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации. Учебное пособие
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Unit
23
Read and translate the article
Trump officials argue climate change warnings based
on ‘worst-case scenario’
The Trump administration has a new strategy for deflecting concerns about
the warming planet.
Trump officials are minimizing warnings from scientists by arguing they are
exaggerated and based on the worst-case scenario. They say the National Climate
Assessment (NCA) – an expansive federal government report on the dangers of
climate change in the US – considers only the highest possible levels of greenhouse
gas emissions.
“If you take the extreme case, you’re right, it’s dire,” Trump’s interior secretary,
Ryan Zinke, said on Fox News. “If you take the best case, it’s not much.”
Zinke, who has encouraged fossil fuel production on public lands, compared
climate risks to the chance of nuclear war.
“If you look at nuclear war, today we’re going to go home to a bunker and wear
a hazardous suit,” he said. “That’s not the case.”
Acting Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) administrator Andrew Wheeler
used some of the same phrasing, saying he “wouldn’t be surprised if the Obama
administration told the report’s authors to take a look at the worst-case scenario for
this report”. The Trump administration, he said, would need to “take a look at the
modeling” for the next assessment, which is required by law.
Trump said he did not believe climate change would have economic
consequences for the US.
Of Zinke’s comments, Pennsylvania University climate scientist Michael Mann
said “there is no truth to [them] whatsoever”. He added: “The report looked at an
extremely wide range of scenarios.
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
“At nearly every juncture, we have actually underestimated the impacts
that climate change is having. Sea levels are rising faster, ice is disappearing
sooner and the incidence of extreme weather events is increasing faster than our
projections from just a few years ago suggested.”
Katharine Hayhoe, a Texas Tech University climate scientist and lead author of
the scenarios chapter of an earlier part of the assessment, said the authors considered
the range of possibilities outlined by United Nations experts, “from one where carbon
emissions continue to grow through the end of the century to one where emissions
are already declining and fall below zero before the end of the century.”
Rutgers University climate scientist Robert Kopp, also a lead author on an
earlier volume of the report, called the administration’s framing “misguided”.
“In good risk assessment, you want to consider a range of scenarios from the
high to the low,” Kopp said.
Awaiting Senate confirmation, Trump nominees have largely acknowledged
that climate change is happening but downplayed its impacts, suggesting it is not
possible to say how much of it is because of human activities like burning coal and
driving cars.
In office, EPA administrator Scott Pruitt considered a military-style “red team,
blue team” debate, questioning climate science. An EPA official speaking to
conservative state lawmakers in Washington on Friday said those plans were no
longer on the table.
Mandy Gunasekara, a high-ranking official in the EPA air office, said the
agency’s “understanding of CO2 and greenhouse gases continues to evolve”. After
the meeting she said the EPA was still having a “preliminary interim discussion”
about climate change science policies.
The NCA, which the administration quietly published the day after the
Thanksgiving holiday, looks at how the extent of heat waves, extreme weather and
swelling seas will depend on how much greenhouse gas pollution continues to rise.
Even if greenhouse gases stopped rising now, the world would heat up by
another 1.1F (0.6C), according to the earlier portion of the report authored by
Hayhoe and others. Over the next two decades, temperatures could increase
between 0.5F and 1.3F (0.3C and 0.7C).
Global atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations appear to be the highest
they have been in 3m years, and continued carbon growth is likely lead to carbon
levels not seen in tens of millions of years.
If humans greatly reduce the greenhouse gases spewing into the atmosphere,
continuing warming will still pose wide-ranging dangers.
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Unit 23. Trump officials argue climate change warnings based on ‘worst-case scenario’
The Trump cabinet has however sought to advance oil and gas operations,
subsidize coal plants and rescind climate protections drafted by Barack Obama’s
agencies. Trump also plans to exit the international Paris agreement that aims to
cut greenhouse gases. [41]
Emily Holden
The Guardian
December 1, 2018
Vocabulary Practice
1. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases from the article.
To argue, deflecting, concerns, be exaggerated, gas emissions, interior
secretary, fossil fuel, hazardous, assessment, to underestimate, projection,
to suggest, carbon, to decline, confirmation, interim discussion, swelling, gas
pollution, greenhouse gases, spewing, to rescind.
2. Read the article again and fill the gaps with appropriate words.
1) / preliminary …………………… discussion/
2) /the authors …………………… the range of possibilities ……………………
by/
3) /who has encouraged …………………… fuel production on public
……………………/
4) /officials are minimizing ……………………from scientists/
5) /the worst-…………………… …………………… for this report.
6) /we have actually …………………… the …………………… that climate
change is having.
7) /highest possible levels of ……………………gas emissions.
8) /climate change is happening but …………………… its impacts/
3. Explain and expand on the following sentences from the text.
1) The Trump administration has a new strategy for deflecting concerns about
the warming planet.
2) “If you take the extreme case, you’re right, it’s dire”
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
3) “If you look at nuclear war, today we’re going to go home to a bunker and
wear a hazardous suit”
4) “At nearly every juncture, we have actually underestimated the impacts
that climate change is having.”
5) “In good risk assessment, you want to consider a range of scenarios from
the high to the low”
6) If humans greatly reduce the greenhouse gases spewing into the
atmosphere, continuing warming will still pose wide-ranging dangers.
4. Give а summary of the arguments of the possible ‘worst-case scenario’ of the
climate change.
5. Write a summary of the article in Russian.
6. Render the following into English.
Глобальное потепление:
12 лет, чтобы спасти планету от катастрофы
Проблему глобальных изменений климата больше нельзя откладывать
на потом, предупреждают ученые. Действовать нужно прямо сейчас – иначе непоправимый ущерб для экосистем планеты может быть нанесен уже к
2030-му году, то есть через 12 лет.
Таков основной вывод специального доклада, подготовленного Межправительственной группой экспертов по изменению климата (МГЭИК).
В принятом в 2015 году (и подписанном 195 странами, в том числе и Россией) Парижском соглашении поставлена цель удержать глобальное повышение средних температур на уровне 1,5 градусов Цельсия по сравнению с
доиндустриальным уровнем. По общему мнению входящих в МГЭИК ученых,
это единственный способ избежать того, что они называют климатической
катастрофой, и сохранить жизнь на Земле в том виде, в котором мы ее наблюдали до сих пор.
Однако, как говорится в опубликованном в понедельник докладе, в настоящий момент человечество уверенно движется к отметке в 3 градуса.
И чтобы удержаться в заявленных рамках, потребуются, по их словам, быстрые, масштабные и беспрецедентные изменения во всех аспектах жизни
общества.
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Unit 23. Trump officials argue climate change warnings based on ‘worst-case scenario’
Это будет стоить очень и очень дорого. Однако все еще возможно, ут-
верждают составители доклада.
«Полная перестройка экономики»
Доклад готовился три года. В его написании приняли участие несколько
сотен экспертов со всего мира, которые не проводили никаких дополнительных исследований, а лишь изучали и суммировали уже опубликованные работы.
Научный консенсус не оставляет сомнений: глобальное изменение климата – реальность, и вызвано оно в первую очередь действиями человека и
выбросами парниковых газов.
«Разогрев планеты» человеком начался с активного развития промышленности во второй половине XIX века. И к настоящему моменту люди уже
нагрели Землю в среднем на 1 градус.
Последствия этого разогрева будут ощущаться планетой на протяжении веков и даже тысячелетий, утверждают эксперты. В том числе, уровень Мирового океана продолжит повышаться. Однако у человечества
все еще есть шанс удержать повышение температуры на допустимом
уровне.
Впрочем, утверждает МГЭИК, для этого недостаточно просто снизить
объем выбросов парниковых газов. Его необходимо свести к нулю не позже середины XXI века – а это, в числе прочего, означает полный отказ от
сжигания угля, нефти и газа. То есть перевод всей глобальной экономики на
принципиально новые рельсы.
Кроме того, всей планете потребуется кардинально пересмотреть принципы землепользования, сельского хозяйства, градостроительства и промышленности в целом.
Неудивительно, что политики по всему миру выражают серьезные опасения по поводу того, какой эффект это окажет на промышленность, рабочие
места и уровень жизни.
«Это с трудом укладывается в голове, и кто-то скажет, что эти планы
безнадежно нереалистичны, – соглашается научный обозреватель Би-би-си
Дэвид Шукман. – С одной стороны, вся глобальная экономика держится на
углеводородах, от них зависят все ключевые отрасли промышленности и повседневной жизни. Но с другой, стоимость ветряных электрогенераторов и
солнечных панелей уже сильно упала, и многие государства ставят весьма
амбициозные цели в области экологии».
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
«В конечном счете политикам придется делать сложный выбор: убедить
своих избирателей, что предлагаемые в докладе революционные изменения
неизбежны и действовать нужно прямо сейчас, или полностью игнорировать
доклад и утверждать, что ученые ошибаются», – уверен он [2].
Воронин Николай
BBC News – Русская служба
8 октября, 2018 г.
146
Unit
24
Read and translate the article
The Late Late Toy Show:
How a TV special became Ireland’s greatest Christmas tradition
A mixture of toys, music and heartwarming surprises, the Toy Show is more
than a TV programme – it’s a celebration of Irishness and Christmas, as Ben Kelly
explains
In Ireland, it’s not the John Lewis advert or the Coca Cola bus that heralds the
arrival of Christmas: it’s The Late Late Toy Show.
Since its debut in 1975, the Toy Show has won a special place in Irish hearts,
and a legion of viewers. Last year, the 1.35 million who tuned in amounted to a 72
per cent audience share.
The programme is a special edition of The Late Late Show, which airs every
Friday night. A mix of politics, celebrity interviews, musical guests and audience
participation, it’s where Eurovision entries are chosen, controversial referendums
debated. Since 1962, it has reigned as the flagship programme for the national
broadcaster RTE, and is a staple of Irish life.
Once a year, a few weeks before Christmas, it delivers a festive highlight: The
Late Late Toy Show. Essentially, it’s a showcase of the gifts that are dominating
the Santa lists that year – and a group of children are invited on to test them out.
Music, dancing, special guests and other surprises have been added into the
mix. Last year, the Burke children from Cork opened a huge present to discover
their father inside – a soldier who had been on a peacekeeping mission in Mali,
now home for Christmas. The clip quickly went viral.
This festive cavalcade is sleekly managed by RTE host Ryan Tubridy. “In
Ireland, it’s almost like you have two Christmases,” he tells The Independent,
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
during a break from this year’s preparations. “There’s 25 December, and then
there’s the Toy Show night.”
Having grown up watching at home, Tubridy now gets to unleash his inner
child as he oversees proceedings. “It’s probably akin to waiting at the bottom of the
stairs on Christmas morning to go in and collect your presents from under the tree
from Santa,” he says, “and then actually becoming part of the operation to deliver
that.”
He believes the secret to managing the kids and getting the best out of them
during the two-hour live broadcast is to speak to them on their level.
“You just need to sit down and talk to them like you’re their mate, and they
just start chatting,” he says. “Irish children have a certain take on the world,
whether they’re talking about farming or music – it’s comical, it’s fun and it’s
entertaining.”
Much like Santa’s own schedule, planning for the Toy Show is a year-long affair.
Katherine Drohan is a senior producer who has worked on the show for several
years, and she says that the day after the show airs, they begin preparations for
the next year.
“We’re always thinking about the Toy Show,” she says. “I go to the toy fair in
London every January and Ryan always keeps an eye out for things that catch his
eye. But the production properly begins three months in advance, when we do a
call out for auditions.”
It is not hyperbole to say that appearing on the Toy Show is a childhood dream
for anyone who grows up in Ireland. So what is the secret formula the producers
are looking for?
“Prior to Ryan’s time it would have been the energetic, smiley, happy faces,”
she explains. “Now what we’re looking for is authenticity – kids who aren’t selfconscious, they can’t hide their true personality, their quirks. Ryan is really good
at spotting the essence of a child, and bringing that out. He’s a big kid himself, so
he’s a kindred spirit!”
To make perfect TV moments, the show thinks beyond surprising kids with a
new toy or a celebrity. Drohan recalls the 2015 appearance of Johnny O’Loughlin,
a Clare resident who was obsessed with the weather, and in particular, weather girl
Evelyn Cusack.
“He used to watch the weather every evening with his parents and they’d
guess which presenter it was going to be – he had even made a little weather
game himself which he used to play. So that year we decided to bring on Evelyn
Cusack as his big surprise.”
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Unit 24. The Late Late Toy Show: How a TV special became Ireland’s greatest Christmas tradition
After his initial shock, O’Loughlin then got to play his homemade board game
with his heroine. This kind of personalized surprise has become synonymous with
the magic of the Toy Show.
“We let the kids drive the stories,” says Drohan, “and you can’t help but love
those big moments that creates.”
In many cases, an appearance on the Toy Show is one that never leaves you.
Sean McDonnell was 10-year-old when he appeared on the show in 1992. Now,
aged 36, he says people still remember it.
“I was selected from about 10,000 people to appear,” he remembers. On the
night, he performed a song he’d written himself – “You Gotta Be Faster” – complete
with a Michael Jackson-esque routine.
“The reaction from my whole school the Monday morning after was incredible,”
he says. “It propelled me into mini-stardom as a child in my neighbourhood. It
was amazing to be part of such a classic show, and to be famous for a little while.
People still ask me about it to this day!”
Whether you’ve been lucky enough to appear on the show, sit in the audience,
or if you simply enjoy the family tradition of sitting down to watch together every
year, The Late Late Toy Show is something that all Irish people enjoy in common.
“It’s not a TV show, It’s an event,” says Drohan. “It’s a celebration of Irishness
and Christmas. Everyone in the class will talk about it, and they’ll stay up late, and
the parents are talking about it, and the twentysomethings are watching it over
drinks – it works on so many levels.”
Tubridy thinks that the show also serves a deeper purpose. “It decynicises a
nation for two hours. The more cynical the world gets, the most important the Toy
Show becomes because it’s unfettered by expectations and notions and politics –
even Brexit.”
He also agrees that the Toy Show – and The Late Late Show itself – is
something of a lifeline for the Irish diaspora abroad, a kind of bat signal from the
motherland. Many will tune in to watch it on the RTE Player from the UK, the US,
or Australia.
“The Late Late is like really good Irish butter, or Irish tea or Irish bacon, it’s
home. And people sometimes need to access the heart of where they’re from.
A friend of mine described it as a big Irish town hall meeting every week, and
that’s lovely. So just imagine that but for Christmas – with children and toys and
happiness.” And jumpers, perhaps. Indeed, a longstanding tradition is that the host
is expected to wear a showstopping Christmas sweater, and viewers often send
their own creations in, hoping it’ll be the chosen one.
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
“They’re getting worse,” he laughs. Is he set for this year? “I have the most
disgusting jumper known to mankind!” [37]
Ben Kelly
The Independent
November 28, 2018
Vocabulary Practice
1. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases from the article.
Heartwarming, advert, controversial, staple, highlight, peacekeeping mission,
sleekly, inner, akin, affair, proceedings, self-conscious, to propel, unfettered,
longstanding, disgusting.
2. Fill the gaps with the missing prepositions in the following wordings.
1) the Toy Show has won a special place … Irish hearts
2) to waiting … the bottom of the stairs … Christmas morning
3) a group … children are invited …
4) a legion … viewers
5) a certain take … the world
6) to test them …
7) to speak to them … their level
8) a staple … Irish life
9) managing the kids and getting the best … … them
10) good … spotting the essence … a child
3. Look for words and expressions in the article which are suitable for the following
explanations.
1) emotionally rewarding or uplifting
2) giving rise to public disagreement
3) providing amusement or enjoyment
4) drive, push, or cause to move in a particular direction, typically forward
5) released from restraint or inhibition
6) a group of people living outside the place of their origin
150
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