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Файл:Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации. Учебное пособие
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Unit 16. Trump’s false claim that Obama had the same family separation policy
apprehended at the southern border, 492,970, or 21 percent, were referred for
prosecution. These figures include all adults, not just those who crossed with minor
children, so they’re not a measure of how many families were separated under
Obama.
For this fact check, we asked the White House whether it had a breakdown of
these numbers that supports the Obama-Trump comparison on family separations.
We didn’t get a response. No government agency or outside group appears to
have data on family separations under Bush or Obama.
“During the Obama administration, there was no policy in place that resulted
in the systematic separation of families at the border, like we are now seeing
under the Trump administration,” Sarah Pierce, a policy analyst at the Migration
Policy Institute, told us in June. “Our understanding is that generally parents were
not prosecuted for illegal entry under President Obama. There may have been
some separation if there was suspicion that the children were being trafficked or a
claimed parent-child relationship did not actually exist. But nothing like the levels
we are seeing today.”
We don’t know which parts of “60 Minutes” got Trump tweeting. The program’s
reporting about the workings of the “zero tolerance” policy matches our own at The
Fact Checker.
The news program also reported on an uncensored DHS document it obtained:
The “document reveals that child separation began nine months earlier than the
administration acknowledged. There was a pilot program in the busy ‘El Paso
sector’ from ‘July to November 2017.’ We don’t know how many children were
taken in those five months.” But this is unrelated to Trump’s assertion that the
Obama and Bush administrations separated families.
As for Trump’s claim about “the flag waving Migrants, many of whom are stone
cold criminals,” we’ve looked into it repeatedly. The Trump administration has
offered no proof of criminals traveling with the caravan. The most that can be said
is that any crowd of 7,000 people is going to have some bad apples and that the
Trump administration’s estimates of 270 to 470 criminals in the caravan comport
with the ratio seen during a 2014 immigration surge.
But it’s important to keep in mind that the Mexican government deports many
criminals before they reach the United States and has named only two individuals
in this case.
Asked about U.S. Customs and Border Protection agents lobbing tear gas
at children near the San Ysidro border crossing between San Diego and Tijuana
over the weekend, Trump said it was necessary because they were being rushed
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
by “very tough people.” He dismissed reports that children were among those
subjected to tear gas. Photos and video taken on site show that these children
were with their mothers, not hardened criminals. Men were also part of the group.
“A lot of young children fainted. My daughter also got hit,” one mother told The
Washington Post. “There were pregnant women there and a lot of older men, too.”
«I felt that my face was burning, and my baby fainted. I ran for my life and that
of my children,” Cindy Milla, a Honduran migrant with two children, told the Wall
Street Journal.
The Pinocchio Test
Time keeps passing by and the president is still shifting blame, refusing to
acknowledge the scope of his family separations, defending them with falsehoods
and peddling unsubstantiated claims about criminals in the migrant caravan. The
administration has had ample time to find something, anything, to support these
claims. But the tank remains empty, and Trump earns another Four Pinocchios. [49]
Salvador Rizzo
The Washington Post
November 27, 2018
Vocabulary Practice
1. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases from the article.
Separation policy, tear gas, tough people, minimize the scope, roundly
debunked, evidence, to cobble together, to flee, enforcement actions, gang
members, felons, to encompass, apprehend, in limited circumstances, to suspect,
prosecution, pregnant, faint, falsehood, peddling.
2. Fill the gaps with the missing prepositions in the following wordings.
1) many … whom are
2) claimed … evidence
3) 21 percent were referred … prosecution
4) an executive order rolling back much … that framework
5) the Justice Department rolled … a “zero tolerance” policy … prosecuting all
adults caught crossing the border illegally
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Unit 16. Trump’s false claim that Obama had the same family separation policy
6) Trump’s description … “very tough people”
7) a measure … how many families were separated … Obama
8) generally parents were not prosecuted f… illegal entry … President Obama
9) we’ve looked … it repeatedly
10) they were being rushed … “very tough people
3. Read the article again and fill the gaps with appropriate words.
1) / signed an ………………. order to end family ………………..
2) It has almost nothing but ………………. to show the public.
3) / administration over the past month has tried to ………………. together
proof of Trump’s ………………..
4) /part of the migrant ………………. traveling from Central America/
5) / ………………. between Trump’s family separation policy and the border
………………. actions/
6) This claim and its ………………. have been roundly ………………..
7) Obama had ……………….that prioritized the deportation of gang members,
national security risks and ………………..
8) / which is broad enough to ………………. serious felonies and
………………./
4. Explain the difference in meaning or usage of the following groups of words.
Think of situations in which they would be appropriate and make your own
sentences with these words.
separation, division, partition, segregation, differentiation
claim, pretend, require, profess, affirm, declare, demand
data, information, evidence, record, proof, testimony, argument
criminal, offender, culprit, felon, whitlow, agnail
suspicion, jealousy, suspicion, hunch, mistrust, surmise
protect, defend, advocate, uphold, guard, shields, stand up for
5. Choose the topic for an essay.
The roots and possible consequences of the immigration separation policy.
Your attitude towards Donald Trump’s separation policy.
Why should we protest the family separation policy?
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
6. Render the following into English.
Обама заявил о стремлении Трампа
«нажиться на недовольстве» американцев
Обама и Трамп обменялись резкими замечаниями в ходе предвыборной
кампании в США. Обама обвинил президента в попытке «нажиться» на недовольстве американцев, а Трамп заявил, что заснул во время речи своего
предшественника.
Экс-президент США Барак Обама выступил с резкими замечаниями в
адрес Республиканской партии и Белого дома. По мнению Обамы, Трамп пытается «нажиться на недовольстве» американцев, передает CNN.
Выступая в университете в Иллинойсе, экс-президент указал на расту-
щее в американском обществе разобщение, упомянув, в частности, националистические настроения, приведшие к беспорядкам в Шарлоттсвилле. «Это
[разобщение] началось не с Дональда Трампа. Он следствие, а не причина.
Он просто наживается на обидах, которые политики раздували годами. Страх
и гнев, которые коренятся в нашем прошлом, но также вытекают из огромных
потрясений, которые имели место в вашей жизни когда-то», – сказал Обама.
Экс-президент США упомянул о наличии «нацистских» настроений среди
отдельных слоев американского общества. «Не нужно быть демократом или
республиканцем, чтобы утверждать, что мы не должны подвергать нападкам
людей только из-за того, как они выглядят или как они молятся. Мы должны
восстать против дискриминации и дать ясный и четкий ответ тем, кто симпатизирует нацистским идеям», – сказал экс-президент США. Как отмечает
CNN, эти слова можно считать упреком в адрес Трампа, отказавшегося однозначно осудить националистов, участвовавших в беспорядка в Шарлоттсвилле летом 2017 года.
Дональд Трамп успел прокомментировать речь Обамы шуткой, назвав ее
очень скучной. «Я смотрел ее, но я заснул. Я обнаружил, что [Обама] очень
хорош для того, чтобы засыпать», – пошутил президент США перед своими
сторонниками в Северной Дакоте.
Дональд Трамп неоднократно выступал с критикой политики своего пред-
шественника, обвиняя его, в частности, в провале попыток выстраивания отношений с Россией. В одном из своих твитов он обвинил предшествующую
администрацию Белого дома в «глупой и тупой» внешней политике, приведшей к кризису в отношениях с Москвой.
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Unit 16. Trump’s false claim that Obama had the same family separation policy
Полемика Барака Обамы и Дональда Трампа связана с политической
кампанией в преддверии промежуточных выборов в Соединенных Штатах.
В ходе выборов, намеченных на 6 ноября, в США должен полностью смениться состав палаты представителей конгресса и часть сенаторов. Кроме
того, в большинстве штатов страны пройдут выборы глав исполнительной
власти.
Июньский опрос исследовательской компании Pew Research Center показал, что большая часть американцев считают Барака Обаму лучшим президентом США в современной истории страны. На первое место в списке
глав государства его поставили 44% опрошенных. На втором месте оказался
Билл Клинтон, на третьем – Рональд Рейган. Дональд Трамп, которого сочли
лучшим президентом только 19% американцев, оказался на четвертом месте
[28].
Тадтаев Георгий
РБК
8 сентября, 2018 г.
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Unit
17
Read and translate the article
After years of debate, L.A. legalizes sidewalk vending:
‘This means freedom’
By Emily Alpert Reyes
Capping years of protests and debate, the Los Angeles City Council on
Wednesday passed an ordinance legalizing and regulating vending on city
sidewalks.
In Los Angeles, they have long been a familiar sight: the vendors who hawk ice
cream from pushcarts in Echo Park, sell bottled water to sweaty tourists strolling
in Hollywood, and show off their wares under rainbow-y umbrellas in the Fashion
District.
Now, after years of protests and packed hearings at City Hall, Los Angeles
leaders have passed a law to legalize and regulate vending on its sidewalks.
The decision Wednesday was the culmination of a long and persistent
campaign by vendors, many of them immigrants and Spanish speakers, who
erupted in cheers and applause after the unanimous vote at City Hall. Tens of
thousands of vendors are estimated to sell food and goods on L.A. sidewalks, a
practice that has been illegal yet all but ubiquitous.
“This means freedom,” said Aureliano Santiago, who sells ice cream and hot
dogs in MacArthur Park. “The police won’t pester us anymore. They’ll go after
delinquents instead.”
Los Angeles politicians first proposed legalizing and regulating sidewalk
vending more than five years ago, but council members sparred over where and
how it should be allowed. Brick-and-mortar shops had raised concerns about
blocked sidewalks, trash and unfair competition.
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Unit 17. After years of debate, L.A. legalizes sidewalk vending: ‘This means freedom’
After President Trump was elected, the council quickly moved to decriminalize
vending, fearing that criminal charges could put some vendors at risk of deportation
as the federal government cracked down on immigrants living in the country illegally.
But sidewalk sellers still could be ticketed and fined for violating the municipal code.
L.A. leaders were still working out how to allow vending when a state law
forced their hand. Under Senate Bill 946, local governments had to make sure that
their rules lined up with new restrictions on how they could regulate vending – or
lose their ability to enforce those rules beginning in January.
That law prohibited cities from limiting where or how vendors could do business
or capping the number of vendors allowed unless such restrictions were tied to
“objective health, safety, or welfare concerns.” It also barred cities from requiring
sidewalk vendors to get approval from a neighboring business, an idea that L.A.
had debated in the past.
Under the new rules passed Wednesday, vendors must pick up trash; ensure
that people can pass on the sidewalks; and do business at a minimum distance
from fire hydrants, parking meters, driveways, curbs, building entrances and other
street features. If they set up shop next to another vendor, they must leave at least
3 feet of space in between.
Those rules will go into effect by January, city officials said. Parks will have
their own restrictions: Only two vendors are allowed per park acre, and they cannot
operate within 25 feet of each other, or within 100 feet of any park buildings or
playgrounds. If a park has an exclusive concession agreement, vendors cannot set
up stationary stands there to sell food or merchandise.
Los Angeles plans to eventually start handing out permits, which could
authorize vendors to set up shop at specific spots, but the city still has to work out
the details. Vendors and their advocates have pushed for a permit system, arguing
that it will give them more certainty about where they can do business and save
them from having to stake out desirable spots early in the morning.
In the meantime, vendors will be able to do business legally anywhere that
meets the new requirements.
For a decade, Edgar Suy said, sidewalk vendors like him were treated like rats.
“That’s how they treated us – the government, the police, the business owners,”
said Suy, who sells corn and churros in Hollywood and downtown, earning money
to support his mother and children in Guatemala. “Now we can come out of the
shadows. … We aren’t a menace to society.”
Sidewalk sellers will still be barred from hawking food or goods around busy
venues such as the Hollywood Walk of Fame, Universal Studios and El Pueblo de
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
Los Angeles monument. They will also be prohibited near Dodger Stadium and
nearby Elysian Park, Hollywood Bowl, Staples Center and the L.A. Coliseum on
days when events are being held.
In addition, Leimert Park will be off limits to vendors because commercial
activity was prohibited there when the land was provided to the city, according to
the parks department. Even in those banned locations, however, vendors can still
sell “expressive items” that are protected under the 1st Amendment, such as art or
music made by the seller, officials confirmed.
Business groups had pushed for such restrictions, particularly along the
Hollywood Walk of Fame, arguing that such areas are too congested to safely
accommodate vending. Vendors and their advocates argued that the city should
instead pass rules tailored to such areas, and have challenged whether excluding
Leimert Park is legal under SB 946.
Despite such concerns, the Los Angeles Street Vendor Campaign hailed
Wednesday’s vote as a monumental victory. Isela Gracian, president of the East
Los Angeles Community Corporation, said vendors had been fighting for a decade
for legalization, well before politicians signed on. Hundreds of vendors clad in black
T-shirts showed up at City Hall for the vote.
“When I began this campaign, no one thought it would happen,” said Caridad
Vasquez, a Boyle Heights vendor who helped kick off the movement, and who was
escorted up among council members before the vote to be feted by Councilman
Joe Buscaino. “This is a triumph.”
For brick-and-mortar businesses and their advocates, in turn, the question is
how strictly L.A. will enforce its new rules. “The language in the ordinance would
mean nothing without enforcement,” said Armando Flores, legislative affairs
manager for the Valley Industry & Commerce Assn. “How are we going to pay for
that? That’s a question that still needs to be answered.”
The Bureau of Street Services has suggested that in addition to escalating
fines for scofflaws under the vending rules, the city could enforce other codes
that restrict what can be left on sidewalks. City staffers have laid out a proposal
to hire 22 more inspectors, plus a handful of administrative staffers to oversee the
program, at a cost of nearly $3.6 million. [40]
Emily Alpert Reyes
Los Angeles Times
November 28, 2018
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Unit 17. After years of debate, L.A. legalizes sidewalk vending: ‘This means freedom’
Vocabulary Practice
1. Give Russian equivalents to the following words and phrases from the article.
Sidewalk vending, to hawk ice-cream, pushcarts, strolling, persistent,
ubiquitous, pester, delinquent, Brick-and-mortar shops, be ticketed, curbs,
concession agreement, permit system, be prohibited, be congested, escalating
fines.
2. Read the article again and fill the gaps with appropriate words.
1) /after years of protests and packed …………….. at City Hall/
2) /the culmination of a long and …………….. campaign by ……………../
3) Vendors and their …………….. have pushed for a …………….. system /
4) /politicians first proposed …………….. and regulating sidewalk ……………..
more than five years ago/
5) / commercial activity was …………….. there when the land was ……………..
to the city/
6) The police won’t …………….. us anymore.
7) /arguing that such areas are too …………….. to safely ……………..
vending.
8) Brick-and-…………….. shops had raised concerns about ……………..
sidewalks/
3. Fill the gaps with the missing prepositions in the following wordings.
1) sparred … where and how it should be allowed
2) leaders were still working … how to allow vending
3) tourists strolling … Hollywood
4) government cracked … … immigrants
5) also barred cities … requiring sidewalk vendors
6) long and persistent campaign … vendors
7) those rules will go … effect
8) their rules lined … … new restrictions … how they could regulate vending
9) long and persistent campaign … vendors
10) pushed … a permit system
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Перевод и реферирование общественно-политических текстов из средств массовой информации
4. Find synonyms to the following words.
Persistent, unanimous, desirable, ubiquitous, concern, restrictions, feature,
prohibited, enforce, clad, fete, escalate.
5. Write a summary of the article.
6. Translate the text into English.
Как торгуют на улицах за рубежом: Лоточная механика
По данным на середину 2010 года, обеспеченность населения торговыми площадями в Варшаве составляла порядка 760 кв. м на тысячу человек.
Аналогичный показатель в Париже оценивается в 750 кв. м, в Нью-Йорке –
в 810 кв. м, в Лондоне – в 1050 кв. м.
В Варшаве для ведения розничной торговли на улицах необходимо разрешение городских властей, отдельная лицензия требуется для продажи
алкоголя. Желающие заниматься уличной торговлей должны быть зарегистрированы в качестве предпринимателей и не иметь задолженности перед
налоговыми органами. Список мест, где можно торговать, ведется в специальном реестре. Если на одно место подается несколько заявок, между претендентами проводится конкурс. Соглашение между властями и предпринимателем заключается на срок не более года. Законодательство отдельно
оговаривает возможность торговать без оборудования специального места
(с рук) у входа на кладбища, а также торговлю сезонными товарами, например новогодними елками или ягодами.
В Париже в уличной рознице доминируют рынки. Граждане Франции могут занять место у лотка, представив личные данные администрации рынка
и заплатив ей специальный сбор. Для иностранцев предусмотрена усложненная процедура допуска. Периодически на некоторых улицах прямо на
тротуарах устраиваются официальные барахолки. Чтобы сбыть на них подержанные вещи, необходимо подать заявку в мэрию и оплатить сбор. Гражданам, не зарегистрированным в городском торговом реестре, разрешается
продавать на таких мероприятиях только личные вещи и не чаще двух раз в
год. Несанкционированная торговля на барахолках грозит штрафом €15 тыс.
В Нью-Йорке действует система лицензирования мелкой розничной торговли. Например, для продажи на улице продуктов питания необходимо по-
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