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Файл:Наречие оценки и категоризация опыта. Монография
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131
(281) He ducked instinctively as the bullet whistled past his head
(LDELC, 682).
4.1.4. Семантические особенности функционирования наречий
желательности / нежелательности совершения действия
,
willingly, voluntarily
, unwillingly,
involuntarily reluctantly
132
(282) Her friendship offered me so much that all I could do was try to be
worthy of her. Even so, Dorothy and I willingly shared everything, and
neither of us felt envy for the other (Kay Ash, 15).
(283) As a South American, Enrique was more than a little hesitant to
voluntarily get into the back of a police car. He looked around nervously
(Grisham, 206);
(284) She never willingly missed a party, and she danced every dance
(Clark, 101).
unwillingly,
involuntarily reluctantly
(285a) “I need money, Vic”, Johny said reluctantly. He didn’t want to
talk to Vic about it either, but he had no choice (Robbins, 420).
although but:
(285b) “I need money, Vic”, Johny said although he was reluctant / he
said with reluctance to say it/ but he didn’t want to say it.
133
33
4.2. Сентенциональное наречие как способ категоризации
достоверности информации
4.2.1. О степени достоверности информации33: глагол vs
сентенциональное наречие
-
-
оценку говорящим объективного содержания предложения со
стороны его достоверности или недостоверности
reportedly, allegedly,
supposedly, undoubtedly
.
reportedly allegedly
report allege
that
истинность
134
I suppose that your
house is very old; Your house is, I suppose, very old; Your house is very old, I
suppose
report, allege, repute, suppose, doubt, admit
(286) The British press reports that the government has rewritten
educational policy so as to require teachers to instill “pride with white
culture” (FT, March, 2002).
степень уверенности в
сообщаемом варьируется
report v 1. to provide information (about) or give an account (of); make
(something) known (LDELC, 1113-1114)
report
allege v to state or declare without proof or before finding proof:
(287a) The newspapers allege that the police shot the suspect without
warning (LDELC, 28).
,
without warning, :
(287b) The newspapers allege that the police shot the suspect,
135
allege
allege report
(287c) The newspapers report that the police shot the suspect without
warning.
report allege
-
allege
(allege, allegation, alleged, allegedly
(288) The discovery in London of rudimentary attempts to produce ricin
poison, allegedly for terrorist purposes, has provided the first hard
evidence of a chemical weapons threat to Western countries identified as
terrorist targets (FT, Jan.9, 2003).
allegedly reportedly
allege report,
reportedly
reportedly adv according to what is said: He is reportedly not intending
to return to his country (LDELC, 1114).
reportedly
reportreport:
reportedly adv according to report(s) (OALDCE, 212).
136
allegedly
allege
He was allegedly involved in the
great jewel robbery (LDELC, 28).
report allege
reportedly allegedly
reportedly – sb reports; allegedly – sb
alleges
reportedly
sb reports
reportedly
-
(289a) …Mr. Clinton is reportedly unwilling to appear at the federal
court-house like other witnesses (FT, July29,1998).
(289b) It is reported that Mr. Clinton is unwilling to appear at the
federal court-house like other witnesses.
137
34
-
, .:
(289c) It is reported (by the Financial Times) that Mr. Clinton is
unwilling to appear at the federal court-house…
(289d) *Reportedly by the Financial Times Mr. Clinton is unwilling to
appear at the federal court-house
Конструкция с наречием, следовательно, еще больше скрывает
источник информации, чем пассивная конструкция,
34.
allegedly
(290) The curriculum is also allegedly less rigorously quantitative than at
other leading business schools (FT, Oct.9, 2000).
officials
(291) The school is alleged by officials to have been teaching students to
hate the Malaysian government (IHT, Febr.12, 2002).
слухи
Capone 2001, 25),
Street are decorating and busily preparing for Santa, the Kranks are skipping
Christmas and preparing for a cruise, according to unnamed sources (Grisham,
117) .
While the rest of their neighbors on Hemlock
138
35
35
-
It
is alleged allegedly.
говорят, что…
мол, де, дескать
-
мол, де, дескать
reportedly allegedly,
-
139
reputedly
reportedly allegedly,
supposedly
reputed.
repute considered or reported (to be), be
He is reputed (to be) very wealthy (OALDCE, 214);
reputed adj. generally supposed or considered (to be), but with some
doubt: the reputed father of her baby (LDELC, 1115);
reputedly adv according to what people say: Reputedly, she is very rich
(LDELC, 1115).
reported (to be
reputed reputedly,
generally considered.
supposedly
suppose report allege
suppose
I suppose that
I
suppose
supposedly
I suppose that
140
36
(292a) Supposedly many excellent companies struggled to reconcile
promises of fulfillment for individuals with falling markets (FT, Apr.22,
1998).
36:
(292b) It is supposed that many excellent companies struggled to
reconcile promises of fulfillment for individuals with falling markets.
admittedly
I admit
(293) Admittedly, Liz was smart to suggest having Barnes appear on the
program to talk about her missing daughter, who had answered personal
ads (Clark, 134).
purportedly admittedly:
purport v
(294) “There exists a family tree of Jesus Christ?”
“Indeed. And it is purportedly one of the cornerstones of the Sangreal
documents. A complete genealogy of the early descendants of Christ
(Brown, 276).
Undoubtedly
(295) Vince D’Ambrosio would undoubtedly learn the identity of some of
the people Erin had dated (Clark, 120);
(296) For all those years, my mother was the sole support of our family.
She had been trained as a nurse, but eventually found work as the
manager of a restaurant in Houston. The job didn’t pay as well as such
I strongly
suppose, that many excellent companies struggled to reconcile promises…
.
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