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Файл:Наречие оценки и категоризация опыта. Монография
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intentionally quick short breaths at the rate of about five to a second. He
did this because there is a saying in the Neverland that, every time you
breathe, a grown-up dies; and Peter was killing them off as fast as
possible (Barrie, 117-118).
to kill grown-ups,
breathe quick short breaths intentionally.
цель
(265) …According to these records, the captain and crew deliberately
sank the ship in a deserted cove, planning to come back later and retrieve
the treasure, but they were attacked and killed by pirates before they
could return… (Sheldon, 277).
29.
122
. :
(266) “You don’t think”, said Charlotte, suddenly uneasy, “that he could
possibly have missed his footing and slipped into the river? It’s running
so high, and so fast, even a good swimmer might not be able to get out if
he once got caught in the current”.
“No, I don’t. He is a good swimmer – quite good enough, and quite
mature enough in that way, to respect flood water. And he wasn’t
attended by his admirers at that stage, so he had no inducement to show
off by taking risks. No, I feel confident he absented himself deliberately,
for some reason of his own (Peters, 41).
123
intentionally, deliberately purposely
deliberately):
purposely adv deliberately (MED, 1145);
deliberately adv with a definite intention, not by chance or by accident:
INTENTIONALLY (MED, 366);
deliberate adj (esp. of sth bad) done on purpose or as a result of careful
planning; intentional (LDELC, 337);
intentional adj (esp. of sth bad) done on purpose; deliberate (LDELC,
684).
- purposefully
):
purposeful
achieve something useful (MED, 1145).
esp. of
sth bad
124
30
spill, knock sth
accidentally / intentionally; sink the ship accidentally / intentionally)30.
(breathed intentionally… to kill
4.1.2. Семантические особенности функционирования наречий
ненамеренности
casually, aimlessly, inadvertently, unintentionally,
thoughtlessly, mindlessly
uncontrollably, mechanically, automatically,
convulsively, impulsively, intuitively
оговориться, проговориться, разболтаться,
ошибиться
: “Good,” she said encouragingly, standing
beside me (Skelton
125
http://www.infolex.ru/p049.html
(267) For a moment, he considered accidentally-on-purpose showing her
his cut hand… (Rowling (3), 255).
4.1.2.1. Наречия со значением случайности совершения действия
-
отсутствия цели,
vs
(268) And when he turned to see who was watching he inadvertently
stepped on the patch of ice just below the crown, and everything fell at
once (Grisham, 190);
(269) For an instant Lisolette felt relieved. She found it almost incredible
that Anton would give the man a copy of the blunt letter, but there was no
need now for her to betray her friend. Anton unwittingly was saving her
from committing a reprehensible act (Ross, 101);
(270) …She might even swim … to within a yard of them (the mermaids,
по тексту), but they saw her and dived, probably splashing her with
their tails, not by accident, but intentionally (Barrie, 85-86).
everything fell at once
126
4.1.2.2. Признаки «намеренность» и «контроль» в семантике наречий
без
контроля субъекта,
Он
вздрогнул; Даже с пулей в голове человек может рефлекторно сжать
руку, и тогда вместо одного трупа будет два
Я нечаянно надел чужую шляпу
-
Он выиграл (1992, 140).
(271) She was shaking convulsively, unaware of their presence (Archer
(1), 171):
shake v 1a. if you shake, your body makes lots of quick movements that
you cannot control, usually because you are cold, or you are feeling a
very strong emotion (MED, 1302);
convulsive adj convulsive movements are violent and difficult to control
(MED, 306).
control
shake convulsively convulsively
shake
violent movements).
127
31
контролируемое,
намеренное действие
look around
to see what is
there:
look around phr v to walk around a room, building, or place to see what
is there (MED, 845).
instinctively
instinctive adj done without thinking, because of a natural tendency or
ability (MED, 744
(272) Both Aunt Petunia and Uncle Vernon looked around instinctively,
as though expecting to see someone other than Dudley squeezed between
them (Rowling (4), 57).
(273) Automatically31, without really thinking about what he was doing,
Harry pulled down the fragment of parchment, opened it and read by the
light of the many wands that had now been lit behind him: To the Dark
Lord (Rowling (4), 568-569);
(274) Intuitively I sensed power in that seated figure, and my own
determination faltered (Whitney, 51);
asked. He had heard that question so often that his response was an automatic
grunt.
“Will she be okay?” she
“Sure” (Grisham, 5).
128
(275) “I want you to know”, the warden continued, “that this is not being
done because it was my child you saved. You acted instinctively in the
way any decent citizen would have acted (Sheldon, 117);
(276) Harry raised a hand unconsciously to his forehead and rubbed the
lightning-shaped mark (Rowling (4), 61);
-
(277) When Harry reached the spot he found steps that led into a large
cave. He clambered up them…, and emerged, shivering uncontrollably,
into the still and freezing air (Rowling (4), 521);
3)
(278) He was busy checking the tightness of the cords, his fingers
trembling uncontrollably, fumbling over the knots (Rowling (2), 554);
(279) Ron had dropped his glass; he half-rose from his chair and then
crumpled, his extremities jerking uncontrollably. Foam was dribbling
from his mouth and his eyes were bulging from their sockets (Rowling
(4), 372);
4) :
(280) He took both her hands and pressed them warmly “I can’t tell you
how distressed I am at all this, Mrs. B.”
Mrs. Bantry said mechanically, “Don’t call me Mrs. B!” (Christie (1),
76).
Mrs. B
-140).
129
deliberately, purposely, purposefully,
intentionally
casually, aimlessly, inadvertently,
unwittingly, mindlessly,
thoughtlessly // uncontrollably,
instinctively, automatically,
mechanically, sub(un)consciously,
impulsively
32
4.1.3. Шкала контролируемости действия
контролируемым
неконтролируемым
32
141).
оговориться, проговориться, ляпнуть, обмолвиться,
описàться, оступиться, вздрогнуть
сказать
130
turned
deliberately, limit purposely
verb + adverb
|||||
to do to do to do to do to do
+
deliberately, purposefully, purposely, intentionally
threateningly,
comfortingly, encouragingly
casually, aimlessly, inadvertently, unwittingly, mindlessly, thoughtlessly.
instinctively, automatically, mechanically, sub(un)consciously,
impulsively
(ducked
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