Добавил:
ivanov666
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Античный скептицизм и философия науки. Диалог сквозь два тысячелетия. Монография
.pdf
Patric M. M. Sextus Empiricus and Greek Scepticism. 249.
Cambridge, 1899.
Patric M. M. The Greek Sceptics. New-York: Columbia 250.
University Press, 1929.
Philosophy in history: Essays on the historiography of 251.
philosophy. Ed. by Rorty R. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press,
1985.
Picot A. Management in networked environments: New 252.
challenges // Management intern. Rev. Wiesbaden, 1999. Vol. 39,
№ 3. P.19-26.
Pierer H. Managing a global player in the age of information 253.
// Management intern. Rev. Wiesbaden, 1999. Vol. 39, №3. P.9-17.
Pippin R.B. Kant on empirical concepts // Studies in history 254.
a. philosophy of science. L., 1979. Vol.10, № 1. P.1-19.
Plato. Cratylus // Platonis Dialogi. Vol. I. Lipsiae, 1873. 255.
P. 157-236;Платон. Кратил. Пер. Т.В. Васильевой // Платон. Сочиненияв 3 томах. Т. 1. М.: Мысль. 1968. С. 413-491.
Plato. Theaetetus // Platonis Dialogi. Vol. I. P. 237-338;Пла-256.
тон. Теэтет. Пер. Т.В. Васильевой // Платон. Сочинения... Т. 2. М.,
1970. С. 223-317.
Plato. Timaeus // Platonis Dialogi. Vol. IV. P. 319-406. Пла-257.
тон. Тимей. Пер. С.С. Аверинцева // Платон. Сочинения... Т. 3.
Ч.1. М., 1971. С. 455-541.
Popkin R.H. The hight road to pyrronism. San Diego: Austin 258.
Hill Press, 1980.
Popper K.R. Conjectures and refutations: The growth of 259.
scientific knowledge. L.: Routledge a. Paul, 1972.
Popper K.R. Objective knowledge: An evolutionary approach. 260.
Oxford, 1972.
Popper K.R. The logic of scientific discovery. L., 1959. 261.
Putnam H. Words and life. Cambridge: Harvard univ. press, 262.
1994.
Putnam H. The analytic and the synthetic // Minnesota 263.
studies in the philosophy of science. Minneapolis, 1966. Vol. 3.
P. 358-397.
Regelmann I.-P. Energie bei Ernst Cassirer: Wissenschaftshist, 264.
431

wissenschaftstheoretische u. philos. Aspects // Philosophia naturalis,
Meisenheim a. Glan, 1983. Bd.20, H.2. S. 169-172.
Rescher N. Scepticism. A critical reappraisal. Oxford: Basil 265.
Blackwell, 1980.
Rist J. M. The heracliteanism of Aenesidemus // Phoenix. Vol. 266.
24. No. 4. 1970. P. 309-319.
Robin L. Pyrrhon et le scepticisme grec. Paris: Presses univer-267.
sitaires de Franse, 1944.
Rorty R. Objectivity, relativism, and truth. Cambridge, 1991. 268.
Rose J. Soft systems methodology as a social science 269.
research tool // System research in behave science. 1997. Vol.14,
№ 4. P. 249-258.
Rosen G. What is constructive empiricism? // Philos. Studies. 270.
Dordrecht, 1994. Vol.74, №2. P. 143-178.
Sakaiya T. The knowledge-value revolution, or a History of 271.
the future. — N.Y.: Kodansha America Ltd., 1991.
Scepticism. Ed. by Sosa E. and Uillanueva E. Boston and Ox-272.
ford: Blackwell Publishers, 2000.
Scheler M. Problems of a sociology of knowledge. L.: Rout-273.
ledge a. Kegan Paul, 1980.
Schmitt Ch. B. John Wolley and the first Latin translation of 274.
Sextus Empiricus, adversus logicos I // The skeptical mode in modern
philosophy. Ed. by Watson R. A. and Forse J. E. Dordrecht, Boston,
Lancaster, 1988.
Schmitt Ch. B. The rediscovery of ancient scepticism in 275.
Modern times // The Skeptical Tradition. P. 225-251.
Schmuher-Hartmann J. Die Kunst des glücklichen Zweifelns: 276.
Antike Skepsis bei Sextus Empiricus. Philos. Rekonstruction nach der
«Logic des Verstehens». Amsterdam: Grüner, 1986.
Sedley D. The motivation of Greek Scepticism // The Scepti-277.
cal Tradition. P. 9-29.
Sellars W. Empiricism and the philosophy of mind // Minne-278.
sota studies in the philosophy of science. Minneapolis, 1956. Vol. 1.
P. 253-329.
Sellars W. The language of theories // Current issues in the 279.
philosophy of science: Symposis of scientists a. philosophers / Ed. by
Feigl H. a. Maxwell G. N.Y., 1961.
432

Seneca. De vita beata // Seneca. Collected works in ten vol-280.
umes.II. Moral essays with an English translation by John W. Basore
in three volumes. Vol.II. Camb-Lond. 1979.P. 98-180; Сенека Л.А.
О блаженной жизни // СенекаЛ.А. Философские трактаты. Пер.
Т.Ю. Бородай. Изд. 2-е. СПб., 2001. С. 12-39.
Sextus Empiricus. Adversus mathematicos sive disciplinarum 281.
professores libri VI et Adversus philosophos libri V // Sextus Empiricus. Opera Graece et Latine. Tom II. Lipsiae, 1841;СекстЭмпирик.
Противученых. Пер. А.Ф. Лосева // Секст Эмпирик. Сочинения
в 2 томах. М.: Мысль, 1976. Т. 1. Т. 2. С. 7-204.
Sextus Empiricus. Pyrrhoniarum institutionum Libri III 282.
// Sextus Empiricus. Opera... Tom. I. Lipsiae, 1840; Секст Эмпирик. Три книги пирроновых положений. Пер. Н.В. БрюлловойШаскольской // Секст Эмпирик. Сочинения... Т. 2. С. 205-380.
Solomon M. The pragmatic turn in naturalistic philosophy 283.
of science // Perspective on science. Chicago, 1995. Vol. 3, № 2.
P. 206-230.
Stewart T. Intellectual capital. The new wealth of organi-284.
zations.N.Y.; L., 1997.
Stoicorum veterum fragmenta, coll. J. ab Arnim. Vol. I-III. 285.
Lipsiae, 1903-1905;Фрагментыраннихстоиков. Пер. А.А. Столярова. Т. I-III. М., 1998-2007.
Stough C. L. Greek Scepticism. A study in epistemology. 286.
Berkeley and Los-Angeles, 1969.
Strawson P. F. Scepticism and naturalism: some varieties. 287.
London, 1985.
Striker G. Ataraxia: happiness as tranquility // Essays jn hel-288.
lenistic epistemology and ethics. Cambridge, New York, Melbourne:
CambridgeUniversity Press, 1996. P. 183-195.
Striker G. Sceptical strategies // Ibid. P. 92-115.289.
Striker G. The Ten Tropes of Aenesidemus // Idid. P. 116-134. 290.
= The Skeptical Tradition. P. 95-115.
Stroud B. The significance of philosophical skepticism. Ox-291.
ford: Clarendon Press, 1984.
Tarn W. W. Hellenistic civilization. Ed. III. Cleveland and 292.
New-York: The world publishing Company, 1964.
433

Tarrant H. Scepticism or Platonism? The philosophy of the 293.
FourthAcademy. Cambridge: CambridgeUniversity Press, 1985.
The skeptical mode in modern philosophy. Ed. by Ed. by Wat-294.
son R. A. and Force J. E. Dordrecht, Boston, Lancaster, 1988.
Turnbull N. The logic of possible worlds // Theory, culture 295.
and society. Cleveland, 2006. Vol.23, № 2-3. P. 93-96.
Van Fraassen B. Gideon Rosen on constructive empiricism // 296.
Philos. Studies. Dordrecht, 1994. Vol.74, № 2. P. 179-182.
Venn C. A note on knowledge // Theory, culture and society. 297.
Cleveland, 2006. Vol.23, № 2-3. P. 190-194.
Webster Ch. From Paracelsus to Newton: Magic and making 298.
of modеrn science: The Eddington memorial lectures deliviered at
Cambridge univ., Nov. 1980. Cambridge etc.: Cambridge univ. press,
1982.
Westfall S. Newton’s theological manuscripts // Contemporary 299.
Newtonian research / Ed. by Bechler Z. Dordrecht −Boston, 1982.
P. 129-143.
Zeller E. Die Philosophie der Griechen. Ed. Wellman E. 300.
Leipzig: Reisland, 1923.
Zeller Ed. The Stoics, Epicureans, and Sceptics. New York: 301.
Russelland Russell, 1962.
434

SUMMARY
Ancient skepticism putting everything in doubt, to be
consistent, have to doubt isostenia itself, i.e. to equate it to the
very equality it expresses. In this case the thesis that «skeptics
only seek» (i.e. neither state nor negate anything but only
doubt), on the one hand, will not turn out dogmatism. And on
the other hand, it will avoid an inner contradiction. Thus one
of the widespread arguments against skepticism claiming that
it’s either a kind of negative dogmatism or a self-contradictory
philosophical construction will be neutralized. Here lies one
of the essential differences between skepticism and traditional
types and forms of philosophical thinking: skeptical «world
view» is fundamentally mobile and plastic and, consequently,
skeptical philosophical constructions don’t lead to any definite
results and, simultaneously, they are open to different points
of view, therefore they are alien to arbitrary and, in the end,
unfoundedly accepted theses, they put nothing «into brackets»,
and this helps them to see the rightness (as well as wrongness) of
any philosophical idea. This is why skepticism is the very quest
for truth, not the denial of the possibility to reach it as it’s fairly
often being interpreted.
Ancient skepticism can be defined as a doubting doubt. Being
quite an untraditional philosophical solution, it constitutes
a dialectical interaction of isostenia and phenomenalism,
a paradoxical amalgam of what prima facie seems to be
incompatible. It is the philosophical thinking that is always in
search, never satisfied, never settling on anything.
Therefore the ancient scepticism can be presented as a
general intellectual trend of the Hellenistic philosophy. First
of all it was expressed by sceptical and protesting mood of the
representatives of different schools of that period directed at
the contemporary social reality. One of the methods helping
to overcome this mood was specific «internal emigration»: the
human mind became the centre of investigation, thetruth became
a problem, the reflectionof the theoretical knowledge began. As a
435

result the ancient (Hellenistic) scepticismbecame an important
innovation of the Greek philosophy, though it was traditionally
considered to be the decline of the Greek philosophy as compared
with its classical period. The ancient scepticism anticipated a lot
of modern epistemological ideas. Besides, different Hellenistic
schools supporting sceptical ideas have got common features with
modern trends of the philosophy of science.
The differences between sceptically oriented philosophical
schools of Hellenism were quite obvious and important for that
period. But they are being gradually erased in the course of time
and now the similarities between these schools are much more
important for us as they help to examine the discussion between
ages separated by approximately two thousand years.
There is a quite obvious link between ancient scepticism
and philosophy of science: all considerable trends of the ancient
scepticism — positivistic, historic, postmodern, similar to all
Hellenistic philosophical schools,− are united round one idea.
According to this idea the truth of science has got a conditional
character and the scientific rationality can get knowledge, but
not the truth. The idea combines all the trends of philosophy
of science and the science itself with all the schools of ancient,
or Hellenistic scepticism. But on the other part every school
of ancient scepticism correlates to the appropriate trend of the
philosophy of science.
Epicureanism has in many ways anticipated the positivistic
philosophical trend. The Epicureans can easily be called sceptics
in point of the theoretical thinking. The positivistic philosophers
of science turned to have much the same ideas: they couldn’t
let thinking to work alone, to work theoretically, in isolation
from «the suggestions of observation». In fact the Epicureans
attached the thinking to the same «suggestions of observation».
If we consider the Epicureans to be the ancient «positivists», it’s
possible to assert that they showed the substitute for thinking
in their epistemology, as the positivistic philosophers of science
themselves transformed the theoretical thinking to the specific
substitute.
436

The stoic school has much anticipated the historical and
postmodern trends of the philosophy of science. T. Kuhn
demonstrated that it was only historical practice that could
serve as a criterion for the scientific truth; and the priority
motivation of the scientific progress was quite different
from the aspiration for objective truth, now coming under
the competition of time and history. The stoic epistemology
points to this priority motivation. The stoic epistemology is
characterized by the automatism of the truth achievement —
«the harmony of thinking», thus the importance is shifted from
the result of truth to the process. The stoics outlined the idea
according to which the main question of the epistemology is not
the truth, but the procedure of transition of the thinking from
empirical to theoretical level. As a result they «designed» the
phenomenon of science outlined by the logical structure of the
cognitive process.
The school of Pyrrhon and his followers has much
anticipated the postmodern trend of the philosophy of science.
The stoics and the epicureans could admit at least the existence
of intersubjective truth, but the pirronists excluded it as well.
They put a man into the world of total subjectivism, where there
was no truth but there were a lot of subjective worlds. That’s
why there was nothing a man could affirm to protect himself
from various delusions, but he could doubt and deny everything
without any fear for being wrong. These statements of the
pirronists predicted the postmodern trend of the philosophy of
science with its indifference concerning the problem of truth and
with the principle of the theoretical pluralism (the relativity of
truth).
437

Гусев Дмитрий Алексеевич
АНТИЧНЫЙ СКЕПТИЦИЗМ
И ФИЛОСОФИЯ НАУКИ: ДИАЛОГ
СКВОЗЬ ДВА ТЫСЯЧЕЛЕТИЯ
Монография
Дизайн обложки Зотова Н. Г.
Верстка Исанин С. А.
Издательство «Прометей»
115035, Москва, ул. Садовническая, д. 72, стр. 1
Тел./факс: 8 (495) 799-54-29
E-mail: info@prometej.su
Подписано в печать
Формат 60×84/16. Объем 27,375 п. л.
Тираж 500 экз. Заказ № 479
20.04.2015.
Соседние файлы в предмете [НЕСОРТИРОВАННОЕ]
