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Unit 22 Risk Management 141
21. Do you happen to know him?
22. The article is likely to appear in the next issue of the journal.
23. He is unlikely to change his opinion.
24. The proposal is likely to cause his interest.
25. They are certain to come to an understanding.
26. The treatment is certain to help you.
27. They are sure to do all in their power.
28. The truth is sure to come out.
29. Complications were unlikely to appear.
30. The event is sure to be much spoken about.
Ex. 10 Paraphrase the following sentences using the Subjective Infinitive
Construction (See “Grammar”, G.21.3).
Model 1: It seemed that he knew the subject well.
He seemed to know the subject well.
1. It happened that they met that very day.
2. It proved that there was the case.
3. It seems that the play has made a deep impression on him.
4. It proved that he was a very experienced worker.
5. It appears that the house was built in the 18th century.
6. It happened that there was a doctor there at that time.
7. It appears that there are different opinions on this subject.
8. It happened that he was at home at that time.
9. It seems that there is a great difference between these two samples.
Model 2: It is reported that the delegation has left London.
The delegation is reported to have left London.
1. It is known that he has a large collection of pictures.
2. It may be said that the new theatre is the most beautiful building in the town.
3. It was reported that the ship had arrived in Odessa.
4. It can’t be considered that the results of the experiment are bad.
5. It is expected that many people will attend the meeting.
6. It is believed that there is hope of reaching an agreement.
7. It is said that the expedition has reached Vladivostok.
8. It is considered that this mine is the best in the district.
9. It can be expected that the weather will improve soon.
10. It can’t be expected that the Petersburg football team will win.
11. It is said that there are many difficulties in solving this problem.
Ex. 11 Translate the words in brackets.
1. He is thought (был) a very good singer.
142 Section 6: Business Communication
2. They are expected (пошлют) а replay today.
3. They are said (переехали) to a new flat.
4. Who is supposed (подпишет) the letter?
5. The doctor is supposed (прописал) you something.
6. The results of the experiment (были) very good.
7. The new instrument is expected (поможет) scientists solve many important
problems.
8. The members of the committee are understood (пришли) to аn agreement.
9. He is said (предложил) them his services.
10. In the 19th century the dark areas on the Mars were thought (были) seas.
11. We were supposed (проведем) the day on board the ship.
12. The seamen were not supposed (сойдут) ashore that day.
13. The expedition is said (сделала) a very important discovery.
14. They were expected (пройдут) 300 miles that day.
15. She is known (интересовалась) in the subject.
16. They were heard (согласились) to do it.
17. The ship is expected (прибудет) here on Tuesday.
18. They are supposed (преследовали) him.
19. They were believed (знали) the secret at that time.
Ex. 12 Choose the Infinitive or the Gerund (See “Grammar”, G.21, G.23).
1. Is there anything in that new magazine worth ….
а) to read b) reading
2. Although I was in a hurry, I stopped … to him.
a) to talk b) talking
3. I really must stop ….
a) to smoke b) smoking
4. Would you mind … the front door?
a) to close b) closing
5. You should remember … him. He’ll be at home.
a) to phone b) phoning
6. Do you enjoy …?
a) to teach b) teaching
7. All parts of London seem … to different towns and epochs.
a) to belong b) belonging
8. Why have you stopped? Go on ….
a) to read b) reading
9. The teacher asked us some questions and went on … us about the climate of
England.
a) to tell b) telling
10. When we had finished … the waiter brought the bill.
a) to eat b) eating
11. My elder brother went to college, and I hope … there too.
a) to go b) going
Unit 22 Risk Management 143
12. My car needs a service badly, and Tom offered … me with it.
a) to help b) helping
13. Avoid … and you’ll feel better soon.
a) to overeat b) overeating
14. I can’t help … about that awful accident.
a) to think b) thinking
15. The Brains want … Boston this week.
a) to leave for b) leaving for
16. I’ll always remember … you for the first time.
a) to meet b) meeting
17. I decided … my holiday in France.
a) to spend b) spending
18. I enjoy … very much.
a) to travel b) travelling
19. We might manage … a lot of interesting places there.
a) to visit b) visiting
20. I dislike … around in the car.
a) to tour b) touring
22.2 Listening
Ex. 13 Read the numerals (See “Grammar”, G.4).
£25,000 10 12 20 6 a.m. 15 hours
Ex. 14 Listen to the text “Flying for a Living”.
Ex. 15 Agree or disagree with these statements. Use the following phrases:
That’s wrong. – Это неверно.
That’s (quite) right. – (Совершенно) верно.
That’s not quite true to the fact. – Это не совсем соответствует факту.
According to the text ... – Согласно тексту ...
1. Flying in a hot balloon is Cathy Moorhead’s hobby.
2. She pays for flying in a hot balloon £25,000 a year.
3. Her first flight began 12 years ago.
4. She flights alone, early in the morning.
5. She doesn’t like flying because it’s too windy, rainy and poor visibility.
Ex. 16 Discuss Cathy Moorhead’s job.
144 Section 6: Business Communication
22.3 Speech Pattern
22.3.1 Active Vocabulary
Ex. 17 Learn the words from your active vocabulary.
risk management – управление рисками
to accept – принимать
loss – потеря, убыток
injury – травма
involved (with) – связанный (с)
to insure – страховать
to survey – рассматривать, изучать
to appoint – назначать
to brick up – закладывать кирпичом
stacking – складирование
sprinkler – огнетушитель
security – безопасность
staff – персонал
to restrict – ограничивать
heating – обогрев, отопление
lighting – освещение
to expose – подвергать
claim – иск, жалоба
claim for damage – иск о нанесении ущерба
accident – несчастный случай
prevention – предотвращение
liability – ответственность
common sense – здравый смысл
market share – рыночная доля участия
to stipulate – обусловливать
Ex. 18 Translate the words and word-combinations into Russian. Use the
dictionary if necessary.
Costs, fire, warehouse, sprinkler, insurance premium, industrial espionage,
vital, important, computer staff, heating, lighting, claim of damage, accident,
legislation, protection, liability, total loss, common sense, market share, strike, top
executive, the same, agreement, to spread, to restrict, to select, to suggest, to
prevent, to accept, to evaluate, to appoint.
Unit 22 Risk Management 145
22.3.2 The Text “Risk Management”
Ex. 19 Read the text “Risk Management” and translate it with the help of
dictionary if necessary.
RISK MANAGEMENT
1. Definition of risk management
Risk management is an accepted practice in business activities. Risk is the
possibility of loss or injury. It is a part of everyday life for businesses and
individuals. Individuals and businesses must evaluate the risks they face, and they
should minimize the costs involved with those risks.
Risk management is not simply a matter of insuring against risk. It involves,
first of all, surveying all the areas of risk to a company and then preparing a series
of recommendations to minimize potential losses from them. This is often done by
risk management consultants. But some major companies have now appointed
their own risk managers.
2. Potential risks
Fire is still the greatest potential risk. The risk manager can simply
recommend bricking up a doorway or a hole in the wall of a warehouse to prevent
fire from spreading. Or he can suggest a safer method of stacking. On the other
hand, he can recommend installing a very expensive sprinkler system. This could
save a company huge sums in insurance premiums.
Industrial espionage is another, constantly increasing risk. Computer
security is particularly important, and it is absolutely vital that only authorized persons should have access to the information stored in the computer. The risk
manager will suggest methods of selecting computer staff and restricting access to
it inside and outside working hours.
Working conditions are another area of risk management; even such
ordinary things as ventilation, heating and lighting are important. These can expose
a company to personal claims from staff for damage.
Accident prevention and a company’s increased liability because of new
consumer protection legislation are other, obviously important areas.
3. ‘Common sense’ category
A great many recommendations fall into the ‘common sense’ category.
Suppose a company relies on only one supplier for a vital raw material. If that supplier suffers a total loss of production because of a fire, strike or some other reason,
the company faces huge losses, and even more important, a permanent loss of market share. To prevent this, the risk manager or consultant might recommend coming to a two-way agreement with a competitor that in such a case the competitor
would supply raw materials to the assembly line. The agreement might even
stipulate supplying the end product if that were necessary.
146 Section 6: Business Communication
Another example of this ‘common sense category’ is that all the top executives should never travel together in the same jet, or that valuable goods should not
all be stored in one building but spread over a number of sites. Risk management is
becoming more and more important as a concept.
22.3.3 Drilling
Ex. 20 Say the words and word-combinations in English.
Области риска, склад, пожар, способ складирования, система
огнетушения, страховая премия, промышленный шпионаж, безопасность
компьютеров, хранимая в компьютере информация, уполномоченные лица,
обслуживающий компьютеры персонал, условия работы, доступ, часы
работы, освещение, отопление, вентиляция, иск о нанесении ущерба,
ответственность компании, законодательство, защита потребителя, здравый
смысл, сырье, поставщик, огромные потери, двухстороннее соглашение,
конкурент, конвейер, конечная продукция, ценные товары, забастовка,
рассматривать, назначать, устанавливать, предотвращать, предлагать,
увеличивать, хранить, сталкиваться, предотвращать, оценивать, страховать.
Ex. 21 Fill in the blanks with the words and word-combinations from the
text (stored, surveying, huge losses, potential risk, loss, area, recommendations,
spread, authorized persons, injury).
1. Risk is the possibility of ... or ….
2. Risk management involves ... all the areas of risk to a company and preparing a
series of ... to minimize potential losses.
3. Fire is still the greatest ... ….
4. Computer security is particularly important, and it is absolutely vital that only ...
… should have access to the information ... in the computer.
5. Working conditions are another ... of risk management.
6. If a supplier of a vital raw material for a company suffers a total loss of his
production, the company faces ... ….
7. Valuable goods should not all be stored in one building but ... over a number of
sites.
Ex. 22 Answer the questions.
1. What is risk?
2. What does risk management involve first of all?
3. What can a risk manager recommend to avoid fire?
4. How can a risk manager provide computer security?
5. Are working conditions another area of risk management?
6. What main recommendations fall into the ‘common sense’ category? Give some
examples.
Unit 22 Risk Management 147
Ex. 23 Read the information about the university lecturer paying attention to
the meaning of the italicized words.
STRESS AND STRESS MANAGEMENT
A. When work is stimulating
“My name’s Patricia and I’m a university lecturer. I chose this profession
because I wanted to do something rewarding: something that gave me satisfaction.
Ten years ago, when I started in this job, I had lots to do, but I enjoyed it:
preparing and giving lectures, discussing students’ work with them and marking it.
I felt stretched: I had the feeling that work could sometimes be difficult, but that it
was stimulating, it interested me and made me feel good. It was certainly chal-
lenging: difficult, but in an interesting and enjoyable way.”
B. When stimulation turns to stress
“In the last few years there has been more and more administrative work,
with no time for reading or research. I felt pressure building up. I began to feel
overwhelmed by work: I felt as if I wasn’t able to do it. I was under stress; very
worried about my work. I became ill, and I’m sure this was caused by stress: it was
stress-induced.
Luckily, I was able to deal with the stresses and strains (pressures) of my
job by starting to work part-time. I was luckier than one of my colleagues, who
became so stressed out because of overwork that he had a nervous breakdown; he
was so worried about work that he couldn’t sleep or work, and had to give up. He’s
completely burned out, so stressed and tired by his work that he will never be able
to work again. Burnout is an increasingly common problem among my
colleagues.”
Ex. 24 Rearrange these sentences containing expressions from A and В.
1. … and stimulating. I felt pleasantly stretched. But then the pressure became too
much and I felt overworked …
2. … and under a lot of stress: I found travelling very tiring. I was overwhelmed by
my work. I started getting bad headaches, and I’m sure they were stress-induced.
3. … challenging to change professions in this way, but now I feel the stress again!
I must do something to avoid burning out.
4. Hi, my name’s Piet. I’m an engineer, or I was. I worked for a Dutch
multinational for 10 years. I was based here in Holland, but my work involved a
lot of travelling, visiting factories. At first I liked my job: it was very rewarding
… 5. So, when I was 35, I made a change. I started a little wine shop in Amsterdam,
working on my own. Now, after five years, I have 6 employees. At first it was
…
148 Section 6: Business Communication
Ex. 25 You’d better know what downshifting is.
DOWNSHIFTING
Many people want to get away from the rat race or the treadmill, the feeling
that work is too competitive, and are looking for lifestyles that are less stressful or
completely unstressful, a more relaxed ways of living, perhaps in the country.
Some people work from home to be near their family and have a better quality of
life, such as more quality time with their children: not just preparing meals for
them and taking them to school, etc.
Choosing to live and work in a less stressful way is downshifting or
rebalancing, and people who do this are downshifters.
Ex. 26 Read the newspaper article. Correct the mistakes in italics with the
correct forms of expressions from the ex. 25.
SHIFT DOWN A GEAR TO FIND A SWEETER LIFETYPE
YOUR WORK has taken over your life, you are suffering from stress and
sick of running to stay in the same place. Solution? Exchange cash for qua-
litative time.
If you feel bored, frustrated and trapped in your job, you are a likely
candidate for not just a job change but a ‘downshift’. This trend from the US,
where it is practised by ten per cent of the working population, has arrived in
Britain. A better word for downshifting would be reequilibrating, suggests Judy
Jones, co-author of ‘Getting A Life: The Downshifter’s Guide to Happier, Simpler
Living’, a recent guide to a simpler life. “Trading part of your income for more
time is about redefining yourself and your idea of success,” she maintains.
But how do you achieve one aspect of the downshift’s dream – financial
independence? First, try living on less money. Ms. Jones suggests you don’t use
money to keep the footmill turning. In her case, she found a third of her income
was her ‘mouse race membership fee’, spent on work-related activities like eating
fast foods, taking holidays to get away from it all and having massages to relieve
stress.
Downshifting doesn’t necessarily mean changing your job, but taking steps
to stop your work taking over your life. It can involve flexible working, job
sharing, school term-time working, or cutting down to fewer days at work. All of
these things can lead to a better quantity of live.
Ex. 27 Group 2-3 students and discuss the following items:
¾ Do you sometimes get stressed at work or university?
¾ What do you do about it?
¾ Is stress-related illness common in your society?
Unit 22 Risk Management 149
Ex. 28 Find the equivalents of the following words and expressions in the
dictionary. Learn them.
to place much value on to be dedicated to
to exert extraordinary efforts to pursue learning / self-improvement
on-the-job training enrollment in universities
to enter university in one’s infancy
in short to go on to receive university education
Ex. 29 Read the text paying attention to the word-expressions from the
above exercise.
The Japanese, in general, place much value on learning. Learning has been a
virtue throughout the history of Japan. The Japanese are a people with a keen
appetite for knowledge.
Japanese parents are dedicated to educating their children, so much so that
children are taught to study in their infancy.
Nowadays, a university degree is considered to be a minimum requirement
for anyone to achieve success in life. Thus, a growing number of high school
students exert extraordinary efforts to enter universities each year. The latest statistics show that as much as 39 percent of all high school students go on to receive
university educations.
Many Japanese will not cease to pursue learning even after joining a
company upon graduation. Among other things, they insist on studying different
aspects of a job – even human relations in the workplace. Employers are in most
cases willing to help them pursue self-improvement, with many companies
sponsoring their own educational programs for their employees, ranging from onthe-job training to overseas study tours and enrollment in overseas colleges and
universities.
In short, for the majority of Japanese workers, companies are places both for
work and study – at least in their expectations. Today, Japanese companies, on
average, are expending about one-tenth of a percent of total company sales volume
for employee training and education.
Ex. 30 Render the information from the above text in Russian.
Ex. 31 Correct the sentences which are wrong.
1. Japanese are hungry for knowledge.
2. Japanese begin to teach their children even in the mother’s womb.
3. Japanese universities give minimum knowledge to students.
4. Employees in Japan constantly improve their skills and abilities.
5. Japanese companies encourage employees’ training and education.
150 Section 6: Business Communication
Ex. 32 Read the Japanese proverb and comment it: One should not bequeath
bountiful rice paddies (рис-падди) to one’s offspring.
22.4 Comprehension
Ex. 33 Choose the suitable Infinitive form (See “Grammar”, G.21).
1. Teddy’s words made me … uncomfortable.
a) to feel b) feeling c) feel
2. Mrs. Pottson allowed her guests … in the living room.
a) to smoke b) smoking c) smoke
3. Has the secretary come yet? I want to have my papers ….
a) to type b) type c) typed
4. I watched my cat … with her kittens. I couldn’t tear myself away from that
funny sight.
a) played b) playing c) to play
5. Granny didn’t want my Mum … my Dad.
a) marry b) to marry c) married
6. Our English teacher told us … shy and speak English as much as possible.
a) not to feel b) not feel c) felt
7. I have to get my photograph … for a new passport.
a) took b) take c) taken
8. There wasn’t much traffic in the street. I saw a little girl … the road.
a) crossed b) cross c) to cross
9. I have never heard Helen ….
a) sang b) sings c) singing
10. Mary would like her brother … Tom’s company.
a) to avoid b) avoid c) avoided
11. We expected the Harrisons … later than usual.
a) to arrive b) arrive c) arrived
12. What makes you … such rash actions?
a) do b) to do c) doing
13. The rain seems …. Call the children. I don’t want them ….
a) to be, to be got wet through b) to be starting, to get wet through
c) to have started, to have got wet through
d) to have been started, to be getting wet through
14. The English colony, Plymouth, in Massachusetts, is known ... by the Pilgrims
who arrived on The Mayflower in 1620.
a) to be established b) to have established
c) to have been establishing d) to have been established
15. Look, they are likely … to the news. They seem ….
a) to be listening, to be excited b) to listen, to be excited
c) to have been listening, to have excited
d) to have listened, to be being excited
16. He is sure … a liar. Everybody heard him … that in so many words.
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