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Файл:Английский язык для транспортных специальностей вузов. Т.2. Специализированный курс. Учебное пособие
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Unit 19. Definition of Management 91
19.2 Listening
Ex. 12 Get acquainted with the unknown words.
bargain = deal, transaction
bread roll – булочка
crowd – толпа
Ex. 13 Pronounce some words and geographical names.
pounds pounds of sterling
London New York Finland
Iran Persia the Mediterranean Sea
Ex. 14 Say the numerals in English (See “Grammar”, G.4).
2, 2 mln, 200, 2 000, 5, 50 000, 3, 300 00, 1, 100, 120, 6, 300
Ex. 15 Enumerate the months.
Ex. 16 Listen to the text “Harrods”.
Ex. 17 Answer the questions.
1. What is Harrods?
2. Where is it situated?
3. Who of the famous persons do shopping in Harrods?
4. What can people buy in Harrods?
5. When is Harrods the most crowded?
6. What is the most popular bargain at Christmas time?
7. What other unusual exports do you know from the text?
8. Who is the owner of Harrods?
9. What is he famous for?
Ex. 18 Retell the text.
19.3 Speech Pattern
19.3.1 Active Vocabulary
Ex. 19 Learn the words from your active vocabulary.
management – управление, руководство, менеджмент
to develop – развивать(ся)
area – область
92 Section 6: Business Communication
to require – требовать
ability – способность
skill – мастерство
skills – навыки
to employ – нанимать
owner – владелец
sole – единоличный
proprietorship – собственность
level – уровень
to achieve – достигать
goal – (конечная) цель
primary – основной, оптимальный
to be concerned (with) – заниматься, (иметь дело с чем-либо)
employee – работник, служащий
assets – активы
recreational facilities – места отдыха и развлечений
lengthy paid vacation – длительный оплачиваемый отпуск
to meet obligations – выполнять обязательства
to obtain – получать
to borrow – занимать
to lend – ссужать, давать взаймы
income – доход
insurance premium – страховая премия
utility – предприятие коммунального обслуживания
external – внешний
environment – (окружающая) среда
competitor – конкурент
to survive – выживать
to accomplish – осуществить
grant – субсидия, безвозвратная ссуда
endowment – пожертвование, благотворительный взнос
Ex. 20 Translate the words and word-combinations into Russian. Use the
dictionary if necessary.
To employ managers, a number of, a variety of, management area, the only
manager, the owner of a sole proprietorship, levels and areas of management, to
achieve the organization’s goals, a great skill, human resources, material resources,
primary goals, employee, assets, recreational facilities, lengthy paid vacation, meet
obligations, money, to obtain money, income, insurance premium, salary,
consumer market, to survive, competitor, to accomplish goals, to produce goods
and services, grant, wholesaler, endowment, utility, utility bills, to borrow and lend
money, practical results.
Unit 19. Definition of Management 93
19.3.2 The Text “Definition of Management”
Ex. 21 Read and translate the international words (See “Grammar”, G.27).
practical result management
organization manager activity
contrast number process
coordinate resource goal
Ex. 22 Read the text “Definition of Management” and translate it with the
help of dictionary if necessary.
DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT
1. What is management?
Management is based on scientific theories and today we can say that it is a
developing science.
But knowledge of theories and principles doesn’t provide practical results. It
is necessary to know how to apply this knowledge. Practical application of
knowledge in the management area requires certain abilities or skills. Here is an
example:
Depending on its size, an organization may employ a number of specialized
managers who are responsible for particular areas of management. A very large
organization may employ many managers, each responsible for activities of one
management area. In contrast, the owner of a sole proprietorship may be the only
manager in the organization. He or she is responsible for all levels and areas of
management.
What is important to an organization is not the number of managers it
employs but the ability of these managers to achieve the organization’s goals, and
this ability requires a great skill.
In other words, management is the process of coordinating the resources of
an organization to achieve the primary organizational goals.
94 Section 6: Business Communication
2. Main resources
Managers are concerned with the following main resources: material
resources, human resources, financial resources, informational resources,
organizational goals.
Material resources are physical materials and the equipment used by an
organization to make a product. For example, cars are made on assembly lines.
These assembly lines and the buildings that house them are material resources.
The most important resources of any organization are its human resources –
people. Some firms believe that their employees are their most important assets. To
keep employees content, a variety of incentives are used, including higher-thanaverage pay, flexible working hours, recreational facilities, lengthy paid vacations,
cafeterias offering inexpensive meals, etc.
Financial resources are the funds the organization uses to meet its
obligations to various creditors. A grocery store obtains money from customers
and uses a portion of that money to pay the wholesalers from which it buys food. A
large bank borrows and lends money. A college obtains money in the form of
tuition, income from its endowments, and federal grants. It uses the money to pay
utility bills, insurance premiums, and professors’ salaries. Each of these
transactions involves financial resources.
Finally, many organizations increasingly find they cannot ignore
information. External environment – including the economy, consumer markets,
technology, politics, and cultural forces – are all changing so rapidly that an
organization that does not adapt will probably not survive. And, to adapt to change,
the organization must know what is changing and how it is changing. Companies
are finding it increasingly important to gather information about their competitors
in today’s business environment.
It is important to realize that these are only general categories of resources.
Within each category are hundreds or thousands of more specific resources, from
which management must choose those that can best accomplish its goals.
Managers must coordinate this complex group of specific resources to produce
goods and services.
19.3.3 Drilling
Ex. 23 Say the words and word-combinations in English.
Научные теории, практические результаты, управлять деловыми фирмами, нанимать менеджеров, область (сфера) управления, владелец единоличной собственности, единственный, достигать организационные цели,
большое мастерство, доход, основные цели организации, материальные ресурсы, служащий, оптовик, стимул, длительный оплачиваемый отпуск, занимать деньги, давать деньги в долг, оплачивать счета предприятий коммунального обслуживания, страховая премия, зарплата, (финансовая) операция,
фонд, потребительский рынок, выживать, приспособиться к изменению, кон-
Unit 19. Definition of Management 95
курент, осуществить цели, товары и услуги, активы, побудительный мотив,
субсидия (безвозвратная ссуда), пожертвование (благотворительный взнос).
Ex. 24 Fill in the gaps with the word-combinations from the text (manager,
borrows, scientific theories, developing science, survive, main resources,
competitors, primary goals, information, lends, physical, important, incentives).
1. Management is based on ... … and today we can say that it is ... ….
2. The owner of a sole proprietorship may be the only ... in the organization.
3. Management is the process of coordinating the resources of an organization to
achieve the ... ... of the organization.
4. Managers are concerned with four types of ... ….
5. Material resources are ... resources.
6. Human resources are perhaps the most ... resources.
7. To keep employees content, a variety of ... are used.
8. A large bank ... and ... money.
9. External environment is changing so rapidly that an organization that does not
adapt will probably not ....
10. Companies are finding it increasingly important to gather ... about their ....
Ex. 25 Find in the text the sentences with the Gerund (See “Grammar”,
G.23). Read them.
Ex. 26 Fill in the gaps with the –ing forms given below (See “Grammar”,
G.23, G.22).
1. Management is a … science.
2. … on the size of an organization a number of managers can be varied.
3. Management is the process of … the resources of an organization to achieve the
primary organizational goals.
4. Managers are concerned with the … main resources: material resources, human
resources, financial resources, informational resources, organizational goals.
5. A variety of incentives, … higher-than-average pay, flexible working hours,
recreational facilities, lengthy paid vacations, cafeterias … inexpensive meals,
etc. are used.
6. External environment is … so rapidly that an organization that does not adapt
will probably not survive.
7. External environment, … the economy, consumer markets, technology, politics,
and cultural forces is considered to be informational resources.
__________________________________________________________________
Offering, coordinating, following, including, changing, developing, working,
depending.
Ex. 27 Make up the plan to the second part of the text.
96 Section 6: Business Communication
Ex. 28 Match the two columns.
1. material resources
2. human resources
3. financial resources
4. informational resources
a) external environment
b) physical materials and the equipment
c) people
d) funds
Ex. 29 Answer the questions to the text.
1. What can you say about management in general?
2. Why does a large organization employ many managers?
3. What is important to an organization?
4. Does the ability to achieve organizational goals require a great skill?
5. What can you say about management as a process?
6. What main resources are managers concerned with?
7. What incentives are used to keep employees content? Why?
8. How does an organization obtain financial resources? Give some examples.
9. Is external environment including the economy, consumer markets, etc.
changing rapidly?
10. What must an organization do to survive?
Ex. 30 Speak on the following:
1. General definition of management.
2. Material and human resources.
3. Financial and informational resources.
Ex. 31 Read the interview with Ken Manners, the expert on leadership and
management styles.
Interviewer: Can leadership be taught? Or are the only real leaders born
leaders?
Ken Manners: Traditionally, the model for leadership in business has been the
army. Managers and army officers give orders and their subor-
dinates (the people working below them) carry them out. Man agers, like army officers, may be sent on leadership courses to
develop their leadership skills, their ability to lead. But they still
need a basic flair or talent for leadership.
Interviewer: What makes a great leader?
Ken Manners: The greatest leaders have charisma, an attractive quality that
makes other people admire them and want to follow them.
A leader may be described as a visionary, someone with the
power to see clearly how things are going to be in the future.
People often say leaders have drive, dynamism and energy.
Interviewer: How have management styles changed in the last few years?
Unit 19. Definition of Management 97
Ken Manners: Before, l eaders wer e distant and remote, not easy to get to know
or communicate with. Today, managers are more open and ap-
proachable: you can talk to them easily. There is more man agement by consensus, where decisions are not imposed from
above in a top-down approach, but arrived at by asking em-
ployees to contribute in a process of consultation.
Interviewer: Do you think this trend will continue?
Ken Manners: Yes. Ther e are more women managers now, who are often more
able to build consensus than traditional military-style authorita rian male managers.
Interviewer: What, exactly, is empowerment?
Ken Manners: Encouraging employees to use their own initiative, to take deci sions on their own without asking managers first, is empower ment. Decision-making becomes more decentralized and less
bureaucratic, less dependent on managers and systems. This is
often necessary where the number of management levels is re duced. To empower employees, managers need the ability to
delegate, to give other people responsibility for work rather
than doing it all themselves. Of course, with empo werment and
delegation, the problem is keeping control of your operations: a
key issue of modern management.
Ex. 32 Write down the italicized words from the ex. 31, translate them and
learn.
Ex.33 Match the sentence beginnings (1-7) with the correct endings (a-g).
1. We are looking for a new CEO, someone with strong leadership …
2. Richard has real managerial flair …
3. In the police, leaders are held responsible …
4. The study concludes that a charismatic visionary leader is absolutely not
required for a visionary company …
5. She is an extraordinary leader …
6. Thatcher had drive, energy and vision, …
7. He was a born leader. When everyone else was discussing …
a) … but many thought it was the wrong vision.
b) … and, in fact, can be bad for a company's long-term prospects.
c) … and has won the respect of colleagues and employees.
d) … for the actions of their subordinates.
e) … skills and experience with financial institutions.
f) … what to do, he knew exactly what to do.
g) … who will bring dynamism and energy to the job.
98 Section 6: Business Communication
Ex. 34 Complete the crossword with the correct forms of words from the ex.
31.
Across
1. What managers do, with or without talking to employees. (8)
5. Adjective to describe leading without consultation. (13)
8. Not easy to talk to. (7)
9. See 13 across. (8)
11. What the type of boss in 5 across does not do. (7)
13. Managers deciding without talking to employees is a ...-down ... . (3)
14. If managers ask employees to take on responsibility, they ... . (8)
15. If all the decisions are not made in a company's head office, it is ... . (13)
Down
2. To allow employees to decide things for themselves. (7)
3. An organization where there are a lot of rules and procedures is ... . (12)
4. If you decide without asking a manager, you use ... . (10)
6. The adjective relating to ‘consensus’. (10)
7. See 1 across. (6)
10. If decisions are not arrived at by consensus, they are ... . (7)
12. Easy to see and talk to. (4)
1 2
5 6
10
3
7 8
9
4
11
12
13
14
15
Ex. 35 Group 3-4 students and discuss the following:
1. What are the characteristics of a true leader?
2. Do you think you have the qualities of a good manager / leader?
3. Would you be authoritarian or approachable?
Unit 19. Definition of Management 99
Ex. 36 Read the title of the article “The Orange Black Box”. Find some
strange facts about the black box.
Ex. 37 Now read the article.
THE ORANGE BLACK BOX
The mysterious machine that records crashes
There’s a story that is retold whenever a plane crash hits the headlines; if
only the aircraft were made of the same material as the black box, then everybody
would survive.
The legendary invincibility of the famous box is familiar to most of us. Yet
for such a well-known object, it’s remarkably mysterious. How many of us know
that the ‘black’ box is in fact painted fluorescent orange?
‘It was originally called a black box in the days when anything to do with
electronics was new and strange,’ explains Pete Cook, from a flight recorder
manufacturer. ‘They’re painted orange nowadays to make them more easily visible
in the event of a crash.’
There are two kinds of black box; the flight data recorder (FDR) and the
cockpit voice recorder (CVR). Both are normally stored at the rear of an aircraft,
where the fuselage meets the upper tail fin – the part of planes that has the best
survival record. The same principle applies to human passengers – you’re safer at
the back.
Despite their reputation, neither box is in fact indestructible. However, they
can withstand a temperature of 1,100°C for 30 minutes and 250°C for 10 hours.
They must also be able to survive an impact force of 3,500 g – that’s 3,500 times
the force of gravity.
To take this kind of strain, flight recorders are encased in two thicknesses of
titanium. Memory chips hold the flight data.
While FDRs make an electronic record of the plane’s mechanical
performance, CVRs record the communication between the crew. ‘After a crash in
water, they send out sonar ‘ping’ so that they can be found,’ says Cook. ‘But they
are still only recovered in 80 per cent of accidents.’
Ex. 38 Answer the questions to the article.
1. Why is the box called the black box?
2. What is the origin of its name?
3. Where are the black boxes stored?
4. Why?
5. Is it impossible to destroy them?
6. How are they made?
7. Why are they happy people?
8. Are they always found after a crash?
100 Section 6: Business Communication
19.4 Comprehension
Ex. 39 Choose the correct variant (See “Grammar”, G.23).
1. ... plants and animals deep in the ocean, science may find a cure for some of the
most serious human diseases.
a) On studying b) By studying c) Having studied
2. He is looking forward ... to the country.
a) to going b) for going c) to having gone
3. William the Conqueror is famous for ... England.
a) having been conquered b) conquering c) having conquered
4. William II, 7th Duke of Normandy founded his dynasty ... Harold II to become
William I of England.
a) for killing b) in killing c) by killing
5. Did he deserve ...?
a) praising b) having been praised c) being praised
6. I remember ... your letter.
a) having posted b) posted c) posting
7. The inspector suspected him ... the cop.
a) of having killed b) for killing c) in being killed
8. His career crashed when he ... letting a girl die in a car crash.
a) should be accused of b) was accused of c) is accused of
Ex. 40 Choose the correct preposition (for, of, to, at, in).
1. What was the reason … leaving so early?
2. No one could surpass him in the art … cheating.
3. We met, despite their objection … our coming.
4. The boy showed no surprise … being shown a real elephant.
5. He has a dreadful habit … smoking in bed.
6. The pupils showed great interest … learning foreign languages.
7. The disappointment … being deceived could be easily read in his eyes.
8. This is a good chance … solving our problem.
9. The criminals prepared a good plan … escaping from the prison.
10. My daughter has no intention … getting married.
Ex. 41 Translate the sentences from Russian into English using the words
from the Unit.
1. Менеджмент основан на научных теориях.
2. Менеджмент – это процесс координации ресурсов организации для
достижения организационных целей.
3. Менеджеры занимаются четырьмя видами ресурсов: материальными, фи-
нансовыми, людскими и информационными.
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