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Unit 14. Organization of Operations in Seaports 21
4. How is it achieved by?
Ex. 24 Retell the text.
14.3 Speech Pattern
14.3.1 Active Vocabulary
Ex. 25 Learn the words from your active vocabulary.
inbound / outbound ship – прибывающее / уходящее судно
modes of transport – виды транспорта
intermodal operations – операции, осуществляемые смеж-
ными (различными) видами
транспорта
clearance of vessels inwards / outwards – оформление прихода / ухода судов
port auxiliary service fleet – портофлот
general cargo – генеральный груз
traffic control service – диспетчерская служба
to provide with – обеспечивать
shift-day plan – сменно-суточный план
Ex. 26 Translate the following English phrases:
Information computer center, storage facilities, cargo handling facilities, approach ways, port operations, port operations management, production unit, stevedore gang, stevedore gang foremen, everyday management problems, warehouse
and open storage personnel.
14.3.2 The Text “Organization of Operations in Russian Seaports”
Ex. 27 Read the text “Organization of Operations in Russian Seaports”
and translate it with the help of dictionary if necessary.
ORGANIZATION OF OPERATIONS IN RUSSIAN SEAPORTS
1. Functions of sea ports
Merchant sea ports are intended to perform economic and administrative
functions.
The economic functions. Sea ports are responsible for loading / unloading
operations, servicing of inbound / outbound Russian and foreign ships transportation, forwarding and warehousing operations, transshipment of cargo to the marine
transport from other modes of transport (intermodal cargo handling operations),
servicing of deep sea vessels’ passengers. To perform these functions sea ports
have water areas, land territories, warehouses and open storage facilities, cargo
22 Section 5: Transport Management
handling facilities, passenger terminals, approach ways for railway and motor
transport, and an adequate personnel.
The administrative functions. Sea ports are responsible for ensuring safe navigation and proper order within the port, including supervision for adherence to
shipping regulations, registration of vessels in the State Register of Shipping, issue
and check up of ship’s papers, diplomas and qualification certificates of ship officers, clearance of vessels inwards and outwards, organization of pilotage and towage service and other functions of Port Operations Management.
2. Port operations management
Port operations management is effected by three channels. The higher channel controls port operations as a whole and includes the operations, commerce,
shipping, planning, labour and wages, mechanization, technology, personnel, accounts, administrative, harbour master’s and other functional services / departments.
The port is headed by the general director who controls the entire port operations. Each department / service is managed by the department head. There are also
some deputy general directors. Thus, the deputy general director operational is responsible for the operations, commerce and shipping departments. Safety of shipping and proper order in the port is the responsibility of the harbour master who is
a deputy general director at the same time.
The middle channel of management controls cargo handling complexes and
other production units of the port, such as port auxiliary service fleet, depots for
motor and electric lift trucks, railway and motor cars, etc., repair and maintenance
shops, rigging shops and others. The main production units of the port are cargo
handling complexes where all loading / unloading operations are carried out. The
complexes specialize in handling specific types of cargoes (general cargo, timber,
ore, coal, containers, etc.) and in servicing specific cargo traffic routes. Each cargo,
handling complex comprises terminals, complex stevedore gangs, traffic control
Unit 14. Organization of Operations in Seaports 23
service, warehouse and open storage personnel, and is headed by the superintendent.
The lower channel of the management is involved in a direct control of cargo handling operations on berths and in warehouses. This control is affected by
chief stevedores, warehouse superintendents and stevedore gang foremen.
3. Management facilities
To facilitate and improve port management sea ports are provided with information computing centres equipped with most up-to-date sophisticated computers. As a result, such everyday management problems as drawing up cargo
plans and optimal technological plans-schedules for handling each particular vessel, drawing up shift-day plans-schedules of the port operations and operations of
each particular cargo handling complex – and a lot of other problems – are solved
by computers.
14.3.3 Drilling
Ex. 28 Find in the text English equivalents to the Russian ones.
Торговый морской порт, отдел / служба, коммерческий отдел / служба,
отдел / служба эксплуатации (планирования труда и зарплаты, кадров, механизации), начальник порта, заместитель начальника порта, начальник отдела
/ службы, начальник комплекса (склада), производственное подразделение,
предназначаться, выполнять, быть ответственным, погрузка / разгрузка, обслуживание, прибывающие / уходящие суда, перевозка, экспедиторская опе-
валка), морской транспорт, ви-
рация, склад (пакгауз), груз, перегрузка (пер
е
ды транспорта, водные территории, наземные территории, складское оборудование, оборудование для обработки груза, пассажирский терминал, подъездные пути, соответствующий персонал, обеспечивать, внутри порта, наблюдать, соблюдение, инструкция, государственный судоходный регистр,
составлять, проверять, судовые документы, лоцманское дело, буксировка, гавань, управлять (руководить), безопасность, порядок, депо, ремонтировать,
техническое обслуживание, цех, такелажный цех, древесина, руда, уголь,
маршрут движения, включать, стивидор, стивидорская бригада, диспетч
ерская служба, вовлекать, причал, бригадир (мастер), облегчать, улучшать,
обеспечивать, современный, сложный, решать.
Ex. 29 Make up sentences using the following phrases:
To be under authority, to be intended, to be responsible, to ensure order, to
adhere to regulations, to issue document, to be involved in, to facilitate and improve port management, to draw up a plan, to solve a problem.
Ex. 30 Find in the text sentences with the Passive constructions (See
“Grammar”, G.16).
24 Section 5: Transport Management
Ex. 31 State the sentences in the Passive (See “Grammar”, G.16).
1. Merchant sea ports are intended to perform economic and administrative func-
tions.
2. Sea ports are responsible for loading / unloading operations, servicing of in-
bound / outbound Russia and foreign ships transportation, forwarding and warehousing operations, transshipment of cargo to the marine transport from other
modes of transport (intermodal cargo handling operations), servicing of deep sea
vessels’ passengers.
3. Sea ports are responsible for ensuring safe navigation and proper order within
the port, including supervision for adherence to shipping regulations, registration of vessels in the State Register of Shipping, issue and check up of ship’s
papers, diplomas and some others.
4. There are also some deputy general directors.
5. The port is headed by the general director who controls the entire port opera-
tions.
6. The main production units of the port are cargo handling complexes where all
loading / unloading operations are carried out.
7. The lower channel of the management is involved in a direct control of cargo
handling operations on berths and in warehouses.
Ex. 32 Make up special questions to the underlined words (See “Grammar”,
G.25.2).
1. Merchant sea ports are intended to perform economic and administrative
func-
tions.
2. Port operations management is effected by three channels
3. The port is headed by the general director
who controls the entire port opera-
.
tions.
4. Each
department is managed by the department head.
5. The lower channel of the management is involved in a direct control of cargo
handling operations on berths and in warehouses.
6. This control is affected by chief stevedores, warehouse superintendents and ste-
vedore gang foremen.
7. Sea ports are provided with information computing centres
equipped with most
up-to-date sophisticated computers.
Ex. 33 Agree or disagree with statements using conversational issues:
That’s wrong. – Это неверно.
That’s (quite) right. – (Совершенно) верно.
That’s not quite true to the fact. – Это не совсем соответствует факту.
According to the text … – Согласно тексту …
1. The general director controls the entire port operations.
Unit 14. Organization of Operations in Seaports 25
2. The department head manages several particular services.
3. The deputy general director manages only one service.
4. The general deputy director in operations heads the operations, commerce and
shipping services.
5. The harbour master heads one particular cargo handling complex.
6. The superintendent controls safety of shipping and order in the port.
Ex. 34 Work in pairs. Ask your group mates (See “Grammar”, G.25.2).
1. what economic / administrative functions merchant sea ports are intended for;
2. who the port is headed by;
3. what functional departments the higher channel of management includes;
4. what departments the deputy general director in operations is responsible for;
5. what production units there are in the port;
6. what the cargo handling complex comprises.
Ex. 35 Answer the questions.
1. What are merchant sea ports intended for?
2. What economic (administrative) functions do they perform?
3. What does the higher management channel control?
4. What department / services does it include?
5. Who are they headed by?
6. Who is responsible for the entire port operations management?
7. What is the deputy general director in operations responsible for?
8. What are harbour master’s duties?
9. What production units are there in the port?
10. What is main production unit of the port?
11. What does the cargo handling complex comprise?
12. What personnel practically effects loading / unloading?
13. How do Russian merchant sea ports operate?
14. What are ports provided with to facilitate and improve port management?
15. What are information computing centers equipped with?
16. What management problems can be solved with the help of computers?
Ex. 36 Imagine one of you is a representative of the administration of a Russian merchant sea port and another is – foreign one. Make up dialogues speaking
about the operations in Russian sea ports.
14.4 Comprehension
Ex. 37 Put the verbs in brackets in the appropriate tense form of the Passive
Voice (See “Grammar”, G.16).
1. The draft resolution (to discuss) yesterday.
26 Section 5: Transport Management
2. The book (to publish) next year.
3. A new metro line (to build) in our city last year.
4. Wood and stone (to use) for building houses.
5. Many old houses (to reconstruct) in our city every year.
6. I don’t know how this word (to pronounce).
7. This work (to finish) in two days.
8. The Moscow University (to found) in 1755, and in 1819 St. Petersburg Univer-
sity (to establish).
9. At present our plant (to equip) with modern machinery.
10. The letter (to send) tomorrow.
11. I (to tell) about it last week.
12. He (to offer) a ticket to the concert, but he refused.
13. New equipment (to produce) at the plant in future.
14. The newspapers (to bring) the day after tomorrow.
15. Children (to teach) foreign languages at school.
16. I thought that the goods (to deliver) by air the following week.
17. I knew that the documents (to sign) by the director when he came.
18. I (to tell) an interesting story the other day.
19. I was sure that prices (to reduce) two months later.
20. A famous scientist (to invite) to work at our laboratory next month.
21. New methods (to develop) now.
22. Show me, where the new theatre (to build) in your city.
23. When we came to Kiev that building (to reconstruct).
24. The book we have expected so much (to discuss) hotly now.
25. Our plans constantly (to improve).
26. The electronic equipment (to design) now to speed up production.
27. Tests on new materials (to conduct) by our department for a whole month last
year.
28. St. Isaac Cathedral (to build) for 40 years: from 1818 to 1858.
29. The engine (to repair) when another machine went out of order.
30. For the whole 19
th
century thorough investigations (to make) to explore the
depths of nature.
31. Many houses (to build) in our city lately.
32. Much (to do) in our country to develop higher education.
33. This book (to recommend) to us by our teacher.
34. The letter just (to send).
35. These agreements already (to conclude).
36. The question (to solve) by yesterday.
37. By the time he returned the house (to repair).
38. When you phoned us the work already (to finish).
39. When we came to the port the goods just (to ship).
40. All the students (to examine) by tomorrow.
41. The contract (to type) before the director comes to the office.
42. The goods (to deliver) by next month.
43. New machinery (to produce) by the end of next summer.
Unit 14. Organization of Operations in Seaports 27
44. They said that the engine (to repair) by next day.
45. He informed us that the building (to restore) by the following year.
Ex. 38 Choose the right variant (See “Grammar”, G.16).
1. I went to the party although I … invited.
a) was not b) had not being c) has not been d) had not
2. The people on the island knew that they … forgotten.
a) had not been b) were not being c) have not been d) were not being
3. Don’t worry. Everything … by Monday.
a) will be done b) will have been done
c) has been d) was done
4. Please do not enter the office. The boss … interviewed.
a) has been b) was c) is d) is being
5. … put on the list?
a) Is your name b) Has your name
c) Was your name being d) Is your name being
6. Suddenly she realized that she … followed.
a) was b) had been c) was being d) has been
7. The cashier found that all the money ….
a) had been gone b) was gone c) has gone d) has been gone
8. Only English … spoken in this classroom.
a) is being b) is c) was d) has
9. Don’t worry. You … told which place to go.
a) have been b) will have being c) will be d) have told
10. I parked the car in the wrong place and ….
a) the police ticked me b) was ticked by the police
c) have been ticked by the police d) had been ticked by the police
11. Taxes will again be … next year.
a) risen b) raised c) rose d) raise
12. This programme … twice a day.
a) is broadcast b) is broadcasted c) is broadcasting d) is been broadcast
13. A new big supermarket … next week in our street.
a) will be open b) will be opened c) will be opening d) will have opened
14. I … five thousand pounds by the bank.
a) lend b) borrowed c) was borrowed d) was lent
15. By the end of the year all the children in the town ….
a) will be vaccinated b) will vaccinate
c) will have vaccinated d) will have been vaccinated
16. This newspaper … very well.
a) sells b) is sold c) is being sold d) had been sold
17. He … to be a very talented singer.
a) thinks b) is thinking c) is being thought d) is thought
18. The shop … 24 hours.
a) is opened b) is open c) opens d) is opening
28 Section 5: Transport Management
19. The tourists … to the island early in the morning.
a) were flown b) were flowing c) had flown d) had been flown
20. This famous actress … from the stage only at the age of 90.
a) was retired b) had retired c) had been retired d) retired
21. America’s first college, Harvard, … in Massachusetts in 1636.
a) is being founded b) had been founded
c) was founded d) was found
22. The bridge … by tomorrow morning.
a) will have been reconstructed b) is being reconstructed
c) will be reconstructed d) will have been reconstruct
Ex. 39 Fill in the gaps with the suitable words or word-combinations from
the Unit 14.
1. Merchant sea ports … to perform economic and administrative functions.
2. Sea ports … for loading / unloading operations, servicing of inbound / out-
bound ships transportation, etc.
3. To perform these functions sea ports have water areas, land territories, ware-
houses and open storage facilities, … , passenger terminals, approach ways for
railway and motor transport, and an adequate personnel.
4. Sea ports are responsible for ensuring … and proper order within the port.
5. Port operations … is effected by three channels.
6. The port is headed by the … who controls the entire port operations.
7. Each department / service is managed by the … head.
8. There are also some … general directors.
9. The deputy general director operational is responsible for the operations, com-
merce and … departments.
10. Safety of shipping and proper order in the port is the responsibility of the ….
11. The … of the port are cargo handling complexes where all loading / unloading
operations are carried out.
12. The complexes specialize in handling specific … and in servicing specific car-
go traffic routes.
13. Each cargo, handling complex comprises terminals, complex stevedore gangs,
traffic control service, warehouse and open storage personnel, and … by the
superintendent.
14. The control of cargo handling operations is affected by chief …, warehouse …
and stevedore gang ….
15. Sea ports are provided with information … equipped with most up-to-date …
computers.
__________________________________________________________________
Management, department, computing centres, are responsible, stevedores, safe navigation, harbour master, are intended, general director, foremen, types of cargoes,
shipping, cargo handling facilities, sophisticated, deputy, main production units, is
headed, superintendents.
Unit 15. Organization of Loading / Unloading Operations in Seaports 29
UNIT 15. ORGANIZATION OF LOADING / UNLOADING
OPERATIONS IN SEAPORTS
1. Грамматика: модальные глаголы can, may, must (the Modal Verbs).
2. Аудирование: текст “Oil Fields in Seas”.
3. Лексика: текст “Loading” и упражнения.
4. Лексико-грамматический тест.
15.1 Grammar: the Modal Verbs (See section “Grammar”, G.20)
Ex. 1 Put the sentences into the Past and Future Tenses (See “Grammar”,
G.20, G.20.3, G.20.1, G.20.2).
a) 1. We must go home.
2. He must be at the factory in the morning.
3. You must come to the lessons in time.
4. I must learn the poem by heart.
5. She must do it at once.
6. They must pass their exams.
7. You must do your exercises at home.
b) 1. I can help you.
2. We can wait for you.
3. You can do it yourself.
4. He can read English books without a dictionary.
5. She can play the piano very well.
6. They can finish their work today.
7. He can return in time.
c) 1. You may use my dictionary.
2. They may start the experiment.
3. I may work in the library.
4. He may go on holiday.
5. She may take any things here.
6. You may remain in this room.
7. Children may play in the garden.
Ex. 2 Translate the sentences (See “Grammar”, G.20, G.20.3, G.20.1,
G.20.2).
1. I cannot do it at once.
2. Can you translate this text into French?
3. I think we can help you.
4. Last year he could speak English fluently.
5. He could repair his radio-set himself.
30 Section 5: Transport Management
6. When he came to London he could carry on talks without an interpreter.
7. We were able to finish our work for 5 days.
8. I am afraid he won’t be able to return in time.
9. We will be able to fulfill all the terms of the agreement.
10. I knew he would be able to do this work.
11. May I take your dictionary?
12. They may be at home now.
13. The weather may change tomorrow.
14. He may be sleeping now.
15. You may have another cup of tea.
16. May I smoke here?
17. He might do it yesterday.
18. We were allowed to work in this laboratory.
19. She will be allowed to take another examination.
20. Students are allowed to miss classes only in case of an illness.
21. I must go there immediately.
22. Her English is very poor, she must study very hard.
23. You must always think twice before you say anything.
24. He must read much to improve his pronunciation.
25. She must wait for us in the Institute.
26. She must be waiting for us in the Institute.
27. They must be in the Institute now.
28. You must follow my advice.
29. It must be raining now.
30. She must be ill, otherwise she would come.
31. I have to get up very early.
32. Mother has to cook dinner after work.
33. They had to cover the whole distance on foot.
34. He had to wait for a while as the director was late.
35. I had to stay at home yesterday because I had much work.
36. You will have to speak to him personally.
37. You will have to leave at six to catch the train.
38. She will have to do it once over again.
39. I have to do it myself.
40. He said that you would have to go there on your own.
41. They were to sign the contract last week.
42. He is to come tonight.
43. He was to leave on Monday.
44. Our meeting is to take place next week.
45. We are to finish this work in summer.
46. We were to meet at the station at 6 o’clock.
47. The train is to arrive late at night.
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