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Unit 15. Organization of Loading / Unloading Operations in Seaports 41
c) prefer warehouses to air transportation;
d) rarely use rail transport.
5. It can be inferred from the passage that transportation is
a) important to continued successful sales;
b) independent of other business concerns;
c) not used effectively by businesses;
d) too expensive for most mail-order industries to use.
6. We can conclude from the passage that a business that deals with perishable
goods would probably choose to ship by
a) rail b) truck c) air freight d) any type of cheap transport
7. The word “its” in the sentence beginning with “If the firm can supply its cus-
tomers’ needs …” refers to which of the following?
a) competitors b) firm c) customers d) sales tool
8. This passage would probably be assigned reading in which of the following aca-
demic courses?
a) marketing b) statistics c) mechanical engineering d) history
Ex. 33 Fill in the blanks with can or to be able to in different tenses (See
“Grammar”, G.20.1).
1. When Carol has passed her driving test, she … hire a car from Jane.
2. When the fog lifts we … see where we are.
3. You’ve put too much in your suitcase you never … carry it.
4. … you use the word ‘processor’?
5. He … skate all day and dance all night.
6. We … borrow umbrellas from the Smiths; so we didn’t get wet.
7. I knew London so I … advise Betty what to see.
8. If you had the right tools … you have repaired the fence?
9. … I speak to Mr. White, please?
10. If I knew Greek I … tell you what this means.
Ex. 34 Insert the correct form of may, might (See “Grammar”, G.20.2).
1. He said that it … snow.
2. … I give you the hand with the dishes?
3. You should buy now, prices … go up.
4. … leave it with you?
5. I’d have thought you … remember your mother’s birthday.
6. I don’t think I’ll succeed but I … as well try.
7. If we got there early we … get better tickets.
8. … I come in?
9. If I bought a lottery ticket I … win $ 5 000.
10. Students … not bri
ng anything into the exam
ination room.
42 Section 5: Transport Management
Ex. 35 Fill in blanks with must or to have to (See “Grammar”, G.20.3).
1. You … read this book; it’s great.
2. She felt unwell and … leave early.
3. I hadn’t enough cash and I … pay by cheque.
4. You … do what mother says.
5. British pupils … stay at school till the age of 16.
6. I was lost and … ask the policeman the way.
7. The buses were all full, I … get a taxi.
8. The chambermaids usually … do a lot of work.
9. It is very slippery outside; it … have snowed in the night.
10. I … leave home at 7 a.m. not to be late for my job.
UNIT 16. OPERATION ACTIVITY OF MOTOR
TRANSPORT DEPOTS
1. Грамматика: модальные глаголы should, ought to, need (the Modal Verbs).
2. Аудирование: текст “Is This as Far as a Car Can Go?”.
3. Лексика: текст “Performance of Motor Transport Depots” и упражнения.
4. Лексико-грамматический тест.
16.1 Grammar: the Modal Verbs
(See section “Grammar”, G.20, G.20.4, G.20.5)
Ex.1 Translate the sentences (See “Grammar”, G.20, G.20.4, G.20.5).
1. He should be more careful about his health.
2. You shouldn’t speak to him in such a manner.
3. You shouldn’t behave like that.
4. You should help him in his work.
5. They should visit their grandparents more often.
6. The young ought to respect old age.
7. I have done what I ought to do.
8. Why do you ask my opinion? You ought to know better.
9. You can’t change anything, so you ought to put up with it.
10. He feels that he ought to do something about it without any delay.
11. I need this book for my report.
12. Do you need my help? – No, thank you. I don’t need it yet.
13. You needn’t come here every day.
Ex. 2 Open the brackets using the correct form of the infinitive. Translate
the sentences into Russian (See “Grammar”, G.20, and G.20.4).
1. I don’t feel well now. I should (remember) to take the medicine yesterday.
2. Children should (obey) their parents.
Unit 16. Operation Activity of Motor Transport Depots 43
3. It’s three o’clock and I’m feeling very hungry; I should (eat) more for lunch.
4. The little boy was playing with his father’s typewriter and of course he broke
it; he shouldn’t (allow) him to play with it.
5. You have a weak heart. You shouldn’t (run).
6. I was very tired last summer and I should (take) a holiday, but there was too
much work to do.
7. When he went for a walk he should (take) his umbrella, it looked like rain (but
he didn’t).
8. The workmen are very slow; the job should (finish) a week ago.
9. You shouldn’t (eat) so much bread, now you’ve gained weight.
10. You shouldn’t (go) out yesterday without a coat. No wonder you caught cold.
11. You should (cross) the road by the subway (but you didn’t).
12. He should (check) that his brakes were working properly (but he didn’t).
13. You should (warn) him that the ice was dangerous (but you didn’t).
14. Tom’s had another accident. It sounds like Tom’s fault. He should (wait) till
the main road was clear.
Ex. 3 Translate the sentences with the Modal Verbs and the Passive Infinitives (See “Grammar”, G.20, G.20.4, G.20.5, G.20.7).
1. The letter should be sent immediately.
2. This question should be discussed at the next meeting.
3. He needn’t be asked about it.
4. This book should be translated into Russian.
5. The goods ought to be examined before loading.
Ex. 4 Translate the sentences with the Modal Verbs and the Perfect Infinitives (See “Grammar”, G.20.8).
1. You should have done it yesterday.
2. They shouldn’t have helped her. She could do it herself.
3. You needn’t have gone there.
4. You ought to have done it properly.
5. They should have been informed about it some days ago.
Ex. 5 Fill in the blanks with either should or must. Translate into Russian
(See “Grammar”, G.20.4, and G.20.3).
1. a) You look fresh! You … have had a good sleep at night.
b) You look tired! You … have a good sleep at night.
2. a) They … have studied the subject more thoroughly; they will regret it later on.
b) They … have studied the subject thoroughly; they answered every question.
3. a) You … have ignored the traffic regulations. That’s why you were fined.
b) You … have followed the traffic regulations, and then you would not have
been fined.
44 Section 5: Transport Management
4. a) He … be working at his problem now.
b) He … work at the problem, it hasn’t been solved yet.
5. a) I … have taken Grandfather’s spectacles. I cannot see anything through them.
b) I … have taken my opera-glasses. I don’t see anything.
Ex. 6 Use should or had (to) with the correct form of the Infinitive in brack-
ets (See “Grammar”, G.20.4, G.20.3).
1. I … (to send) a telegram because it was too late to send a letter. You … (remind)
me to do it earlier.
2. I … not (to tell) him the news; he was so much upset, but I really … (to do) so,
for the circumstances demanded it.
3. The agreement was that if Johny White could not repay the money he had bor-
rowed, then Luke Flint … (have) the right to sell the land.
4. It was very hard work but we … (to do) it.
5. She … (not to let) it pass like that, she … (to explain) to him that he was wrong.
6. Although it was unpleasant to her, she … (to tell) him that he was wrong.
Ex. 7 Paraphrase the following using the Modal Verb need (See “Grammar”, G.20.5).
Model: Was it quite necessary for you to do the work instead of him?
Need you do the work instead of him?
1. It is not necessary to copy the composition. I can read it as it is.
2. It was not necessary for her to carry the bags all by herself: there were porters at
the station.
3. Why do you want to buy a new bag? I could have lent you mine.
4. There is no use worrying about her; she is quite able to take care of herself.
5. What’s the use of reproaching yourself?
6. I don’t think there is any need to bother them.
Ex. 8 Choose the correct answer according to tense and meaning. Translate
them (See “Grammar”, G.20).
1. If I had a car I (would drive / will drive) to my office every day.
2. Gregory (would have gone / would go) on a boating trip to Lake Michigan if he
had been free.
3. Lora wasn’t at school yesterday. She (will have / may have had) an accident.
4. He said he could manage for the time being but he (needed / would need) some
help later.
5. Bet was supposed to be home at 7o’clock. She (must forget / must have forgot-
ten) about Sharon’s visit.
6. Where do you think he is today? He (should have slept / may have slept) late.
7. Lora missed her classes today. She (might have fallen / might had fallen) ill.
Unit 16. Operation Activity of Motor Transport Depots 45
8. Robert arrived without his book. He (could have lost / would have lost) it.
9. Mary received a warning for speeding. She (should have driven / shouldn’t
have driven) so fast.
10. His car stopped on the way to the bank. It (may run / may have run) out of pet-
rol.
Ex. 9 Translate the sentences with the Modal Verbs (See “Grammar”,
G.20).
1. I can do everything for you.
2. The project was so expensive that it could not be continued.
3. This procedure can help to solve the problem more efficiently.
4. Using radioactive isotopes the scientists will be able to carry out many experi-
ments.
5. The compass used by a pilot has to be small and light in weight.
6. You ought to know that these terms may be used as synonyms.
7. It should be noted that in all cases the same devices must be used.
8. The two ends cannot have had the same polarity.
9. Careful attention must be paid to the construction of the diagram.
10. The engines should be as simple as possible.
11. We will have to work out an experiment in which we will be able to use the
new substance.
12. Heat is a form of energy and may be measured in the units in which energy is
measured.
13. As to the technician, several times a day he has to make an important decision:
can a TV set be properly repaired at home or should it be taken to the shop? To
make the right decision he must know the kind of repair needed.
14. That apparatus was to be used for testing the means of communication.
15. These two units of power may be used to define two units of work.
16. Water might be used for this purpose, but oil is more convenient.
17. He cannot have made such a serious mistake.
18. You should have recorded the data in time.
19. The devices must have been tested and adjusted, but they are to be examined
again.
Ex. 10 Give an advice or make a recommendation. Use the Modal Verbs
ee “Grammar”, G.20).
S
(
1. I overslept again this morning.
2. Someone’s stolen my wallet.
3. Betty got terribly sunburnt yesterday.
4. We’re spending our holidays in Florida next summer.
5. You’ve always late for work.
6. We’re hopelessly lost.
7. There’s someone knocking at the door.
46 Section 5: Transport Management
8. The road is icy this morning.
9. Our train leaves in a few minutes.
10. The rain is coming through the roof.
Ex. 11 Insert the Modal Verbs in the appropriate form (See “Grammar”,
G.20).
1. You … be careful when crossing the street.
2. The bus was not going that direction, so he … to change.
3. You … work hard to improve your English.
4. When I asked him why he was so late, he explained that he had missed the bus
and … wait for another one.
5. There is nobody to help me, and I … do all the work myself.
6. There was no choice and he … to agree.
7. The work … be finished as soon as possible, it’s your duty.
8. According to the time-table the lecture … take place next Monday.
9. Why are you so late? Didn’t you get my letter saying that we … meet at 4
o’clock.
10. The train … arrive at 6, but evidently something unexpected has happened.
11. You … not give the child so much money, it will spoil him.
12. You … not come so early, you will have to wait.
13. You … speak to him, it will cheer him up.
14. If you want to be healthy, you … give up smoking.
15. You … not get upset over trifles, you … pull yourself together.
16. You … not return the money so soon, I can wait.
17. Don’t contradict her, you … respect her age.
18. You … read this text quite easily, you knowledge is well enough.
19. You … take this book, I don’t need it.
20. … I be of any service to you?
21. … I open the window?
22. … you do me a favour?
23. Buy this dictionary. You … want it one day.
24. I … not imagine her teaching children, she is so impatient.
25. Som
ething was wrong with the telephone, I … not hear anything.
26. … I come to you tonight?
27. I … easily do without you.
28. He … manage the task by himself, it is beyond his powers.
29. … I ask you to explain the rule once more?
16.2 Listening
Ex. 12 Get acquainted with the unknown words.
predecessor – предшественник
aerial – антенна
Unit 16. Operation Activity of Motor Transport Depots 47
rear wing – заднее крыло
windscreen – ветровое стекло
reception – прием
skidding – занос
braking – торможение
breakthrough – прорыв
kickdown – отдача
fuel consumption – потребление топлива
Ex. 13 Pronounce some proper names.
Autocar & Motor Electronic Stability Programme (ESP)
the Mercedes S-class
Ex. 14 Listen to the text “Is This as Far as a Car Can Go?”.
Ex. 15 State the advantages of the automobile Mercedes S-class.
Ex. 16 Make up dialogues discussing advantages of the Mercedes S-class.
16.3 Speech Pattern
16.3.1 Active Vocabulary
Ex. 17 Learn the words from your active vocabulary.
depot – депо, база
to charge = to load – загружать
to discharge = to unload – разгружать
forwarding services – экспедиторские услуги
autoloader – автопогрузчик
workshop – мастерская
technical maintenance – техническое
– осуществлять
to implement = to accomplish
обслуживание
guidance – руководство
adherence – соблюдение
to submit (to) – подчиняться
suitability for occupation – профпригодность
middle way – среднемагистральный
high way – магистральный
to take a turn for better = to improve – улучшать, совершенствовать
Ex. 18 Find the synonyms.
Activity, to be in charge of, to implement, to improve, to fit together, repair,
performance, to be responsible for, guidance, to co-ordinate, to accomplish, facili-
48 Section 5: Transport Management
ties, to take the turn for the better, maintenance, repairshop, fund, leadership, staff,
task, store, equipment, to load, service, chief, to discharge, goal, to achieve, warehouse, station, workshop, customer, to charge, to develop, to arrange, department,
ultimate, to perform, main, to reach, to unload, to design, consumer, ended, terminal, finance, to set up, to do, personnel.
16.3.2 The Text “Performance of Motor Transport Depot”
Ex. 19 Read the text “Performance of Motor Transport Depot” and trans-
late it with the help of dictionary if necessary.
PERFORMANCE OF MOTOR TRANSPORT DEPOT
1. Motor transport depot management
Motor transport (motor truck) depots are intended to perform passenger and
cargo transportation. Motor truck depots are responsible for servicing passenger
routes, charging / discharging operations, forwarding and warehousing services,
and intermodal transshipment.
To perform these functions motor deports have land territories, warehouses
and storage facilities, cargo handling facilities (especially autoloaders and cranes),
passengers terminals, access ways to railway, sea and air transport, garages and
workshops for technical maintenance, and a qualified personnel.
Depot performance management is implemented by four main areas: finance, technical guidance, safe traffic control and cargo forwarding and transportation service.
The last three departments serve special attention.
Technical guidance of the truck depot is headed by the chief engineer. His
department is responsible for technical servicing and maintenance of vehicles, including monitoring and supervision for adherence to technical specifications.
Safe traffic control department is submitted straightly to general director of
the depot. Safe traffic control department is in charge of drivers training and their
suitability for occupation, co-ordination and regulation of routes, interaction with
traffic inspection, and etc.
Cargo forwarding and transportation service is the most complex structure in
the depot. The main function of cargo forwarding and transportation service is to
deliver cargoes to the ultimate customer. This function is the part of logistics itself
and that is why it is closely connected with the latter.
2. Technical performance
Truck cargo transportation is accomplished in three directions, i.e. in-city
transportation, middle way and high way transportation. To arrange transportation
satisfactory cargo handling complexes, repair and maintenance shops, open and
covered storage and warehouses, cargo handling facilities are at depot disposal.
The cargo complexes specialize in handling specific types of cargoes and in servicing specific cargo traffic routes.
Unit 16. Operation Activity of Motor Transport Depots 49
Intermodal cargo handling
operations are performed when
transshipment of cargo from one
mode of transport to another is necessary. It is specially needed in sea
ports because of their landside peculiarities.
To improve transport depot
activity they are provided with information computer centres
equipped with locate net of computers. All day-to-day problems, such as drawing up cargo plan and optimal cargo
traffic routes, working out schedules of depot operations and performance of each
particular service, and a lot of other problems are solved by computers.
The tasks of each separate department fit together with the overall activity of
the depot in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives and take a turn for
the better performance.
16.3.3 Drilling
Ex. 20 Render in English.
Деятельность автобазы, осуществлять пассажирские и грузоперевозки,
обслуживание маршрутов, погрузочно / разгрузочные операции, складирование и хранение, межтранспортная перевалка груза, хранилища и складское
оснащение, автопогрузчик, подъездные пути, ремонтные мастерские, квалифицированный персонал, техническое руководство, служба безопасности
движения, экспедиторская служба, заслуживать внимание, контроль и наблюдение, соответствие технической спецификации, подчиняться непосредственно, подготовка водителя, профпригодность, взаимодействие с автоинспекцией, проверка и согласование маршрутов, сложная структура, конечный
потребитель, последний (упомянутый), осуществлять, городские перевозки,
среднемагистральные перевозки, магистральные перевозки, открытые и крытые склады, в распоряжении, деятельность, локальная компьютерная сеть,
ежедневные проблемы, составление грузового плана, расписание, соответствовать, цели и задачи.
Ex. 21 Find the pairs and make up word-combinations.
1. to transport
2. to forward
3. transporting
4. forwarding
5. technical
6. safe traffic control
a) passengers
b) service (department)
c) transshipment
d) complex
e) shops
f) cargo
50 Section 5: Transport Management
7. intermodal
8. repair and maintenance
9. to charge
10. to discharge
11. to achieve
g) goal and objectives
h) tasks
i) ways
j) attention
k) departmental heads
12. access, middle, high
13. to pay, to serve
14. to be submitted
Ex. 22 Make up 7-8 sentences with the above word-combinations.
Ex. 23 Translate the words in brackets using modal verbs and their equiva-
lents (See “Grammar”, G.20).
1. Motor transport depots (должны выполнять) passenger and cargo transporta-
tion.
2. The last three departments (требуют) special attention.
3. Technical department (обязан осуществлять) technical servicing and mainte-
nance of vehicles, including monitoring and supervision for adherence to technical specifications.
4. Cargo forwarding and transportation service (возможно является) the most
complex structure in the depot.
5. The cargoes deliverance to the ultimate customer (может быть) the part of lo-
gistics itself and that is why it is closely connected with the latter.
6. The cargo complexes (может специализироваться) in handling specific types
of cargoes and in servicing specific cargo traffic routes.
7. Тransshipment of cargo (следует осуществлять) in sea ports because of their
landside peculiarities.
8. To improve transport depot activity they (необходимо оснастить) with infor-
mation computer centres equipped with locate net of computers.
9. All day-to-day problems, such as drawing up cargo plan and optimal cargo traf-
fic routes, working out schedules of depot operations and performance of each
particular service, and a lot of other problems (можно решить) by computers.
Ex. 24 Find in the text the sentences with the Passive (See “Grammar”,
G.16). Read them.
Ex. 25 Make up as many questions as possible to the sentence (See “Gram-
mar”, G.25.2).
The tasks of each separate department fit together with the overall activity of the
depot in order to achieve organizational goals and objectives and take a turn for the
better performance.
Ex. 26 Ask questions to the text and offer your group-mates to answer them.
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