Добавил:
Sekretar
kiopkiopkiop18@yandex.ru
t.me/Prokururor I Вовсе не секретарь, но почту проверяю
Опубликованный материал нарушает ваши авторские права? Сообщите нам.
Вуз:
Предмет:
Файл:Ординатура / Хирургия / Библиотека им академика М.И. Перельмана / Книга_5512_Библиотеки_им_академика_М_И_Перельмана.pdf
Morphology and Life Cycles of Human Parasites
The Amoebae of the Intestinal Canal
Medical Laboratory Technology: Volume 2
ii
Recapitulation Protozoa Inhibiting the Intestine
Morphology and Life Cycles of Human Parasites
Recapitulation Protozoa Inhibiting the Intestine
iii
Medical Laboratory Technology: Volume 2
iv
Laboratory Diagnosis of Malaria
Morphology and Life Cycles of Human Parasites
v
Malaria Species Identification in the Mosquito—Pigment in Oocysts
Oocysts P. vivax P. malariae P. falciparum P. ovale
Length of cycle in
days
Size in m 10–46 5–44 8–60 9–37
Colour
Pigment
Texture Fine Medium coarse Very coarse Medium coarse
Number of grains 50–100 30 10–20 50–60
Pattern
Days
3
4
5
6 Typical Prince of
7
8
9
10
After 10
9 15–21 10 15
Greenish brown Dark brown or
nearly black
None
Distributed,
some clumping
Wales feather
design
Obscured by nuclei
Increased
clumping
Blackish Dark brown or
Concentrated at
periphery in
double row often
Mainly obscured
nearly black
Concentrated at
periphery in
semicircles or
dotted lines
Most clearly
defined, dotted lines
often crossed
Recapitulation of
distinctive features
If visible, clumped
at periphery
Prince of Wales
feather design
Distributed then
clumped
Seldom visible
Peripheral in
rows
Mainly obscured
Semicircular or
crossed line design
Medical Laboratory Technology: Volume 2
vi
Recapitulation Morphological Differentiation
Morphology and Life Cycles of Human Parasites
Recapitulation
The essential differences between African trypanosomiasis, South American trypanosomiasis
and Visceral leishmaniasis
African trypanosomiasis
(Sleeping sickness)
Trypanosoma gambiense or
CAUSED BY
VECTOR
CYCLE IN VECTOR
Stage ingested
Then Multiply and move forward
cycle in man
form injected
Metamorphosis
Multiplication
(all by binary
Then Remain in bloodstream as
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
Glossina spp. (tsetse flies)
Anterior station development Posterior station development Anterior station development
Trypanosomal
Enter salivary glands via
duct
Metamorphose to Crithidia
multiply
Metamorphose to metacyclic
Trypanosomes
Infective: Injected in Saliva Infective: Passed in bug faeces Infective: Injected from
Metacyclic Trypanosome
NONE—remain as Trypanosomes
as Trypanosomes in
blood and tissue
spaces
fision)
Trypanosomes
South American
trypanosomiasis (Chagas’ disease)
Trypanosoma cruzi
Triatonida spp.
(cone-nosed bugs)
Trypanosomal
Metamorphose to Crithidia
Multiply
Move backward Move forward
Metamorphose to metacyclic
Trypanosomes
Metacyclic Trypanosome
Enter histiocytes
locally and become Leishmanial
As Leishmanial forms in
cells
Carried to regional nodes: some Further dissemination as
Visceral Leishmaniasis
(Kala-azar)
Leishmania donovani
Phlebotomus spp.
(sandfiles)
Leishmanial
Metamorphose to
Leptomonad, multiply
Block proboscis
proboscis
Leptomonad
Enter histiocytes locally and
become Leishmanial
As Leishmanial
forms in
macrophage cells
Leishmanial forms only
vii
Pathogenesis Circulating, multiplying
Pathological
effects
Clinicopathological
correlation
Trypanosomes cause Parasitaemia
and Toxaemia, damaging tissues
Mainly general toxaemia
Lymphadenopathy
CNS involvement
Acute (T. rhodesiense)
Fever and severe toxaemia
Chronic (T. gambiense)
Fever, lymphadenopathy, encephalitis
Leishmanial forms infect further
histiocytes: Some metamorphose
through transitional Leptomonad
and Crithidial forms to gain blood
as Trypanosomes. Do not multiply
as such but disseminated, enter
further tissue cells, metamorphose to
Leishmanial forms and multiply
Parasitisation and destruction of
all types of tissue cells. Circulating
Trypanosomes produce toxaemia
General toxaemia
Local functional disability of whichever tissues invaded, especially
lymph nodes, heart, CNS
Fever
Enlarged nodes, spleen and liver
Protean manifestations depending
on localisation in tissues especially
Cardiac
CNS syndromes
Parasitisation and destruction
of RE cells
General toxaemia from
break down of RE cells
Proliferation of RE cells
(mainly spleen, liver, bone
marrow, lymph nodes)
No CNS involvement
Fever
Anaemia
Enlarged liver and spleen
Medical Laboratory Technology: Volume 2
viii
Nematoda
Morphology and Life Cycles of Human Parasites
Cestoda
ix
Medical Laboratory Technology: Volume 2
x