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J791
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(d)
FIGURE 24.10
Observation and reporting
Special note
°
192 I
Medical Laborato Technology: Volume 2
Rubella (German Measles)
plasmosis
Toxoplasma gondii
/asma l ELISA
Special note
Specimen collection
Caution
°
°
Laborato cedures in Serology
J793
Contents of the kit
Materials Provided
for96 Tests
X X
Wash buer concentrate
°
Storage/Stability
°
Procedure
°
Results
Calculation
Medical Laborato Technology: Volume 2
Example of typical results
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
=
Interpretation
=
=
=
Note
Trypanosomiasis
Trypanosoma brucei
Aggluation test for anosomiasis
Reagents and supplies
Laboratory Procedures in Serology
Specimen collection
1. Collect the blood in a heparinized microhaematocrit tube by nger stick. Fill the tube
until it is three-quarters full. Immediately rotate the tube to prevent cloing. Keep the
capillary tube covered in its holder until ready to be used.
2. Prepare two test cards. Place one drop of the reconstituted antigen in wells 1 and 2 of
the rst card and in all wells of the second card. (Usually cards have two rows with ve
numbered wells on every row). Hold the vial vertically to have constant calibrated drops.
3. Using the rst card, check the qualify of the reagent. It is only necessary to do this con-
trol run at the beginning of each day:
(a) Place one drop of the reconstituted positive control in well 1 and one drop of the
reconstituted negative control in well 2.
(b) Mix the reagent with a stirring rod. Do not cross contaminate. Either use separate
stirring rods or use the same rod after cleaning with a tissue paper or a cloth between each well.
(c) Place the card on a rotator with cover and set the timer to 5 min. Use the slow speed
(100 G). If the rotation speed is too fast, clumps sele at the edge of the wells; it is too
slow, the reaction will be weak.
(d) Observe agglutination. Positive reaction is marked by small or large clumps over
the whole well or a ring around the edge of the well. Negative reaction is marked by
no visible agglutination. The suspension remains uniform or occasionally slightly
denser at the centre.
(e) Only if the control sera exhibit the expected reactions, proceed to examine the test
specimens.
4. Using the second card, test the collected blood. Place one drop of blood from the
rst microhaematocrit tube in well 1, from the second tube in well 2, etc. Discard the
microhaematocrit tube in a jar containing water with detergent.
5. Using a stirring rod, mix reagents and blood samples in each well of the second card.
Spread the mixture so that it covers the well. Avoid cross contamination by wiping out
the stirring rod carefully.
6. Place the card on the rotator, cover and set the timer to 5 min at medium speed (100 G),
similarly as described with the control sera. Start the rotator and the timer.
7. After 5 min, examine plates and record reactions in each well. Do not allow samples to
dry out. If any sample has dried out, the test should be repeated for that sample.
795
Observation and reporting
Agglutination reaction Reporting
Large clumps of particles are visible over the whole well or form a ring around the edge of
the well.
Very small clumps of particles are visible which spread throughout the well or form a ring
around the edge of the well.
No agglutination is visible. The reaction remains uniform or occasionally slightly denser at
the centre.
Strongly positive
Weak positive
Negative
Leishmaniasis
Two intracytoplasmic, non-agellated leishmanial forms of protozoa are the common causes
of Leishmaniasis or kala-azar – Leishmania donovani and Leishmania cruzi. The disease can
aect the skin (cutaneous leishmaniasis), membranes (mucocutaneous leishmaniasis) and the
reticuloendothelial system (visceral leishmaniasis or kala-azar). Clinically, the early phase
of visceral leishmaniasis is characterized by chronic irregular fever, cough, diarrhoea and
bleeding of the mucous membranes and secondary infections. Later, progressive enlargement
796 I
Laboratory gnosis
Immunological tes
°
Immunoassay for Influenza
6
FIGURE 24.11
(a)
Laborato cedures in Serology
Helicobacter pylori.
J797
Slide Agglutination Test (Qualitative)
/
0
\
+
b
�I
t�
24.12 Pciple of aggluation inhibion test r hCG
19s I
Medical Laborato Technology: Volume 2
In
If
If
In
+
If
°
Note
Laborato cedures in Serology
J799
Note
Observation and reporting
Precautions
Semiquantitative Estimation of hCG
trophoblastic choriocarcinoma,
ectopic pregnancy
aoo I
Specimen
Medical Laborato Technology: Volume 2
Procedure
ote
T
c
Serum dilution
Specimen (s)
I: I
I: 2
I: 4
I: 8
I: 16
I : 32
Agglutination reaction
Control (c)
+ +
+ +
+
+