Tables

Part 1 – Introduction

1

3

Linear-light and

3.1

Typical contrast ratios

30

perceptual uniformity

4

Quantization

4.1

Decibel examples

39

5

Contrast, brightness,

5.1

Effect of adjusting contrast and brightness 57

contrast, and

brightness

8

Raster scanning

8.1

Refresh rate

84

8.2

Scanning in computing

92

8.3

Video systems are classified

94

11

Picture rendering

11.1

End-to-end power functions

119

13

Introduction to

13.1

Gratuitous differences

132

component SD

15

Introduction to HD

15.1

ATSC A/53 Table 3

143

15.2

HD scanning parameters 145

16

Introduction to video

16.1

Approximate compression ratios 149

compression

16.2

Approximate compression ratios of

M-JPEG

150

17

Streams and files

17.1

Files and streams

163

18

Metadata

18.1

Color primaries

177

18.2

Transfer characteristics

177

18.3

Matrix coefficients

177

18.4

Color primaries interpretation

179

18.5

Transfer characteristics interpretation

179

18.6

Matrix coefficients interpretation

179

Part 2 – Theory 189

23

Perception and visual

23.1

Power functions in perception

251

acuity

25

The CIE system

25.1

White references

279

of colorimetry

26 Colour science for video

26.1

BT.709 primaries

292

26.2

Luminance and chromaticities of BT.709

colourbars

292

26.3

NTSC primaries (obsolete)

293

26.4

EBU Tech. 3213 primaries

293

26.5

SMPTE RP 145 primaries

293

26.6

SMPTE “Free Scale” default primaries

294

26.7

AMPAS ACES primaries 295

26.8

SMPTE/DCI P3 primaries

295

26.9

Example primaries

297

28

Luma and colour

28.1

luma coefficients, EOCF, and primary

differences

chromaticities 351

28.2A

Colour difference systems for analog SD 353

28.2B

Colour difference systems for digital SD and

computing

354

28.2C

Colour difference systems for HD

354

Part 3 – Practical matters

355

33

Timecode

33.1A

Timecode bit assignment table 403

33.1B

Timecode flag bits

403

33.1C

Timecode binary group flags 404

35

Deinterlacing

35.1

Weston deinterlacer

416

xxxii

DIGITAL VIDEO AND HD ALGORITHMS AND INTERFACES

Part 4 – Studio standards

425

38

SDI and HD-SDI

38.1

Analog video levels

429

interfaces

38.2

Digital video levels

429

38.3

Timing reference sequence (TRS)

435

38.4

Protection bits for SAV and EAV

435

38.5

Line number and CRC in HD-SDI

437

38.6

Digital to analog timing relationships

438

38.7

SD and HD interface standards 444

39

480i

component video

39.1

480i

line assignment

446

40

576i

component video

40.1

576i

line assignment

458

41

1280× 720 HD

41.1

720p scanning parameters

467

41.2

1280× 720 line assignment

468

42

1920× 1080 HD

42.1

1920× 1080 scanning parameters

474

42.2

1080i and 1080p line assignment

475

43

HD videotape

43.1

Digital videotape formats for HD

481

Part 5 – Video compression

489

46

DV compression

46.1

DV chroma subsampling

505

47

MPEG-2 video

47.1

MPEG-2 profiles

515

compression

47.2

MPEG-2 main and 4:2:2 profiles

516

47.3

GoP restrictions in SMPTE ST 308M

517

47.4

MPEG-2 aspect ratio information

517

47.5

MPEG-2 frame rate code

518

47.6

2-3 pulldown sequence in MPEG-2

519

47.7

MPEG macroblock types

523

47.8

MPEG picture coding types

523

47.9

MPEG-2 prediction modes

523

48

H.264 video

48.1

H.264 features 539

compression

48.2

H.264 levels 540

48.3

Two hypothetical coding schemes

544

48.4

An example of exponential Golomb coding 545

48.5

Exp-Golomb coding can be generalized 545

48.6

AVC-Intra profile/level combinations

548

Part 6 – Distribution standards 553

50

MPEG-2 storage and

50.1

MPEG-2 PCR counts per frame 558

transport

Appendices 565

B

Introduction to

B.1

Quantities, symbols, and units of radiometry and

radiometry and

photometry 573

photometry

B.2

Light level examples 578

B.3

Conversion of illuminance into lux 579

B.4

Conversion of luminance into cd·m–2 579

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DIGITAL VIDEO AND HD ALGORITHMS AND INTERFACES