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Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова
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Английский язык для горных инженеров

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3.

headed

the chairs — возглавлять кафедры

4.

he was

decorated — он был награжден

IX. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. After А. М. Terpigorev had finished school, he decided

to work at a mine. 2. A. M. Terpigorev

collected material

for his graduation paper which dealt

with mining thick

seams in the Donbas. 3. For more than three years A. M. Terpigorev was working at the Sulin mines. 4. In 1922 A. M. Terpigorev accepted an offer to take charge of the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Institute. 5. He investigated the problems concerning mine safety. 6. He was one of the first to work on the problem of gasification of coal. 7. A. M. Ter-

pigorev was

awarded Government orders many times.

*X. Ответьте

на следующие вопросы:

I. When and where was A. M. Terpigorev born? 2. What institute did he graduate from? 3. What did his graduation paper deal with? 4. Where was A. M. Terpigorev working from 1900 till 1922? 5. At what institute did A. M. Terpigorev head the chair of Mining Bedded Deposits? 6. What did A. M. Terpigorev take a particular interest in? 7. What works

by A. M. Terpigorev do you

know? 8. What problems do

A. M. Terpigorev's works deal

with?

 

XI. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих

слов и сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

 

I. to fulfil the task

1. охрана труда в шахтах

II. to accept an offer

2.

подтверждать

III. fire

damp

3.

добыча угля

IV. flat

seam

4.

эксплуатация месторож-

 

 

 

дений

 

V. existing conditions

5.

метан

 

VI. mine safety

6.

принять предложение

VII. to collect the materi-

7.

выполнить

задачу, за-

al

 

 

дание

 

VIII. to confirm

8.

горизонтальный пласт

IX. exploitation of depos-

9.

собирать материал

its

 

 

 

 

X. coal

winning

10.

существующие условия

б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих

сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по

ключу:

 

I. поступить в институт

1.

descriptive

course

80

II.решать важные проблемы

III. выдающиеся исследователи

IV. успешно провести эксперименты

V. выбрать профессию VI. описательный курс VII. происхождение же-

лезной руды VIII. научное общество

IX. начальник шахты

X.мероприятия по охране труда

2. to choose a profession

3. to enter an institute

4.to solve important problems

5.scientific society

6.safety measures

7.outstanding (prominent) investigators

8.to carry out experiments successfully

9.the origin of iron ore

10.the manager of a colliery

XII. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, выбрав соответствующий предлог ("of", "for", "in", "at", "to", "during", "with", "from", "on"):

One ... the professors ... our Institute is known ... his work ... the field ... geology. He finished school ... Leningrad and entered ... the Institute of Mining there. ... the Institute he studied the full range ... subjects relating ...

geology and mining. ... his practical training he visited many coal-fields and collected material ... his graduation paper which dealt ... the stratigraphy of the Urals. After graduating ... the Institute he worked as a geologist in the Kuzbas. He investigated geological conditions and their influence (влияние) ... the choice ... the method ... mining useful minerals.

XIII. Заполните

пропуски в предложениях, употребив глаголы "to

be" или "to do" в соответствующей

временной форме:

"... you know А. М. Terpigorev's works which deal with

mine

safety?"

 

 

 

 

"Yes,

I ...

."

 

 

 

"... you know who ... working on this important problem

at your

Institute now?"

 

 

 

"Yes;

I ...

. Prof. N. and his pupils ... conducting re-

searches in this field of

mining.

They ... working out a

series

of

safety

measures

in

gassy collieries."

"...

you at

his lecture

yesterday?"

"Yes,

I ...

."

 

 

 

"... Prof. N. speaking

about the

results of his investiga-

tions?"

 

 

 

 

 

6—2132

81

"No, he ... not. He ... speaking about coal beds and the functions of mine ventilation."

"... you going to attend his next lecture?" "Yes, I ... ."

XIV. Прочитайте следующий текст. Озаглавьте его. Найдите предложения, в которых глаголы-сказуемые употреблены в страдательном залоге. Переведите их:

V.I. Vernadsky (1863-1945) is

known as the

outstand-

ing mineralogist and crystallographer,

the founder of geo-

chemistry, biochemistry and radiogeology. Many

research

centres were established by him.

He

was elected

president

of the Ukrainian Academy of Sciences in 1919. He conducted

research in

the geochemistry of rare elements.

V.I. Vernad-

sky advanced a

revolutionary

theory of

the origin

of

min-

erals

which

was

described

in

his

works

An

Experiment

in

Descriptive

Mineralogy

and

History

of Minerals

in the

Earth's

Crust.

He

prospected

for the

radioactive

minerals. The

role

of such minerals as radium and uranium was forecast by him.

XV. Прочитайте следующие предложения. Переведите их, обращая

внимание на перевод слова "as":

 

 

1. A . M .

Terpigorev began

to work

as mining

engineer

at the Sulin mines where he was

working for more than three

years — first

as assistant manager and

later as

manager.

2. Academician L. D. Shevyakov has written a lot of text-books

on mining such as

The

Working

of Mineral

Deposits,

Coal

Mining

and

Transport

Facilities,

 

Working

 

Bedded

Deposits

and

others.

3.

As

 

there

was

no

mining machinery in pre-

revolutionary

Russia,

the m i n e r s w o r k

was

very

hard.

4. As a rule, students' specialization was based on

descrip-

tive

courses

and

elementary

practical

training.

 

5.

When

he went down the mine for the

first time,

A. M. Terpigorev

saw

that

there were

no combines, conveyers and other

equip-

ment

there

such

as

are

used

now.

 

 

 

 

 

 

XVI. Соедините

главные

предложения

с придаточными.

Проверьте

 

себя по

ключу:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. А. P.

Karpinsky

was

 

1.

who combined

his

prac-

 

one

of

the

geologists

 

 

 

tical

 

experience

with

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

scientific

research

work.

II.

It is interesting

to note

 

2.

which

dealt

with

trans-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

port

facilities,

mechani-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

zation,

mining

machin-

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

ery,

etc.

 

 

 

 

82

III. During

his

practical

training

A. M.

Terpi-

gorev

collected

materi-

al

for

 

his

graduation

paper

 

 

 

 

IV. A. M.

 

Terpigorev be-

gan

to

work

at the Su-

lin

mines

 

 

V. As is known the prominent scientist wrote a number of works

VI. Academician A. M. Terpigorev is a well-known mining expert

3. where

he

was

working

for more

than

three

years.

 

 

 

4.who embraced the whole of geological science work-

ing with equal skill in every branch of it.

5.that A. P. Karpinsky was the first to introduce the

microscope in

the study

of petrographic

slides.

6.which dealt with getting flat seams in the Donbas.

*XVII. Закончите предложения. Переведите на английский язык все предлагаемые варианты:

 

I. Our Institute keeps in close touch with

...

(1. про-

мышленными

предприятиями;

 

2. шахтами

и

рудниками;

3.

научно-исследовательскими

 

институтами;

4.

угольны-

ми

бассейнами).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

защищать

 

диплом;

2.

II.

The

student

is

going

to

...

(1.

 

провести

эксперимент;

3.

 

принять

 

участие

в

конфе-

ренции).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III. A group of postgraduates

took

an interest

in

...

(1.

проблемой

 

безопасности

 

в шахтах;

2.

маркшейдерией;

3.

транспортным

оборудованием;

 

4. открытой

разработкой

(полезных

 

ископаемых)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

район

 

IV. The

scientist

advanced

the

view

that

...

(1.

богат

нефтью; 2.

в

районе

 

имеется

железо,

черные

и

цветные

металлы;

3.

месторождение

 

меди

 

находится

недалеко

от

поверхности).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(раз)решить

 

V. They did their best (in order) to ... (1.

важную

проблему; 2. создать

новую

теорию;

3.

основать

новый

исследовательский

центр;

4.

облегчить

работу

по

добыче

угля).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

... (1.разра-

 

VI.

A . M . Terpigorev took an active part

in

ботке

научных

методов

газификации

 

угля;

2.

разработке

плана

реконструкции

 

шахт

Донбасса;

 

3.

создании

первых

учебников

 

по

горному

делу;

 

4.

исследованиях

 

природных

богатств

 

страны).

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

XVIII. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями. Под-

83

твердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста 4Б. Используй-

те

предлагаемые разговорные формулы:

 

to my mind; in my opinion; as is known; on the contrary;

I can't agree

with you; I'd

like to say a few words

about;

I suppose

so;

I don't think

so; that's where you are

wrong;

far from

that; more than that; is that really so?

 

1. In

1895 A. M. Terpigorev finished school with

honours

and decided to enter the university. 2. During his practical training A. M. Terpigorev visited a number of plants and collected material for his graduation paper which dealt with

metallurgy.

3. A. M. Terpigorev took a particular

interest

in open-cast

mining and wrote many books on this

problem.

4. Since 1930 A. M. Terpigorev headed the chair at the Leningrad Mining Institute. 5. A . M . Terpigorev wanted to work at the problem of coal gasification. 6. A. M. Terpigorev made a great contribution to mining and metallurgy.

XIX. а) Переспросите по образцу:

О б р а з е ц : A. M. Terpigorev studied the full range of subjects relating to metallurgy and mining. - >

Did he really study the full range of subjects relating to metallurgy and mining?

1. Students'

specialization

was

based

on

descriptive

courses. 2. A. M .Terpigorev visited mines during

his

practi-

cal training. 3.

His graduation

paper

dealt

with

the

mining

of

flat seams

in the Donbas. 4. Future scientist was awarded

a

first-class

diploma

of a mining engineer.

 

 

 

б) Задайте вопросы по образцу, уточнив интересующие вас

 

детали:

 

 

 

 

 

 

О б р а з е ц :

А. М.

Terpigorev

collected

the

material

for

 

 

his graduation paper in the

Donbas (where?)

 

 

Where did A. M. Terpigorev

collect

the

 

 

material for his graduation

paper?

 

 

1. After the graduation from the Institute

A. M. Terpi-

gorev worked

at the

Sulin mines,

(where?)

2. In 1922 A. M.

Terpigorev moved to Moscow and headed the chair at the

Moscow

Mining Academy, (when?)

3.

The scientist

took a

particular

interest

in

mine

safety,

(what

problem?)

4.

His

work Coal

Mining

and

Mine Transport

Facilities

gives a

complete

description

of

the

state

of

mechanization

in

the

Donbas.

(what work?).

5. A.

M. Terpigorev, В. I. Boky

and

other prominent scientists made a great contribution to the development of mining, (who?)

84

*ХХ. Перескажите вкратце текст 4Б, используя следующие ключевые слова:

to finish school; to get higher education; to enter an institute; to study the full range of subjects; to visit mines; to deal with; to graduate from the institute; to work as manager; to accept an offer; to take an interest in; to work out problems; to be in charge of; to head the chair; to take an active part (in)

XXI. Расскажите о жизни и творчестве А. М. Терпигорева, используя следующие даты:

in 1873, in 1892, in 1897, in 1900, in 1922, in 1930

XXII. Расскажите вашему товарищу о научной деятельности А. М. Терпигорева. Ответьте на его вопросы, используя сочетания слов из упражнений XIX и XX, а также разговорные формулы (§ 89).

III

I. Прочитайте текст 4В без словаря. Определите его основную идею:

ТЕКСТ 4В

 

 

 

 

 

1. Russian and Soviet scientists have made

даре!} To^

develop mining

and geology.

One

of the

first contributors1"

to mining and

geology was

the

great

Russian

scientist

M. V. Lomonosov who connected the study of minerals and rocks with the science of chemistry and physics, discovered and formulated the laws1 of mining ventilation and mining geometry.

2. Among the most prominent Soviet geologists are A. P. Karpinsky, V. A. Obruchev, A. Y. Fersman, I. M. Gubkin and many others. Academician A. Y. ^ещнапгапкв among^those leading mineralogists who have tdnverTecTmineralogy'j from a purely descriptive science into a science based on the most

fundamental

chemical

investigations. As

the

organizer of

the Geochemical Institute in Moscow, Academician A. Y. Fers-

man worked

out the

basic lines of the

study

of chemical

elements and, in doing so, laid the foundation for the scientific surveying and prospecting for useful minerals. A number of scientific expedition^, to different parts of the country had bektvorganized by him. He was the leader of the important investigations in the Kara-Kum Desert resulting in the discovery2 of big sulphur deposits, the construction of a large preparation plant for the processing of sulphur and sulphur

85

products.

Academician A. Y. Fersman

led the

expedition

to Central Asia, the Urals, the Altai,

the Caucasus and the

Crimea.

He is especially known for

his

detailed

investiga-

tions of the Kola Peninsula which led to the discovery of enormous apatite deposits and the development of a miningindustrial region in the Khibiny Mountains where new towns

had

come into being.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3. Among the well-known scientists who have greatly

contributed

to the development of mining

are В. I. Boky,

M. M.

Protodyakonov,

A. A.

Skochinsky,

N. V.

Melnikov

and

others.

Professor

В. I. Boky's name

is associated with

the

solution

of a number

of

significant

technical

problems

in the

mining industry

of

the

country, and

in fact,

with the

whole trend in the development of the science of mining throughout the world — the analytical method of designing new collieries.

4. Credit for working out the theoretical principles of the exploration of deposits is due to Prof. M. M. Protodyakonov. His most remarkable works are those concerning the problems

of

underground

pressure3 and

mine

timbering.4 Prof.

M. M.

Protodyakonov

founded

a

school for the study of

rock

pressure and

its

influence

on

mine

timbering.

5.

The leading

organization

in

working out theoretical

problems connected with mining in the USSR is the Mining Institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences named after Alexander Skochinsky. A. A. Skochinsky was the director of the Institute. His deep interest in theoretical problems was always combined with wide engineering experience. He took a special interest in mining aerology. He discovered the laws

of the movement and control

of the movement of air and

gases underground.

His works

are

devoted

to localization,

liquidation and

prevention of

underground

fires.8

I ~6. Academician

N. V. Melnikov

is ЛшГ'known for his

| investigations

in

the field of

open-cast mining not only of

/ coal but also

of

ferrous and

non-ferrous metals and other

/minerals. He was engaged in the study of fuel energy resources and their utilization.

These are only a few facts about Russian and Soviet scientists who have made a great contribution to the development of mining and geology as science.

Пояснения к тексту 4B:

1. laws — законы

2, resulting in the discovery — в результате которых были открыты

86

3.underground pressure — горное давление

4.mine timbering — рудничное крепление

5. underground fire — подземный пожар

II. Выделите в каждой части текста ключевые слова. Озаглавьте каждую часть.

III.Найдите в каждом абзаце текста 4В предложение, выражающее его основную мысль.

IV. Назовите номера абзацев, в которых сообщается новая для вас информация.

V. Найдите в тексте факты, которые были вам уже известны.

VI. Определите, с именем каких ученых связана разработка следующих проблем:

1. The discovery of the laws of mining geometry. 2. The analytical method of designing new collieries. 3. The influence of rock pressure on mine timbering. 4. Fuel resources and their utilization.

VII. Найдите в тексте предложения, точно отвечающие на следующие вопросы:

1. What did the investigations of the

Kara-Kum Desert

led by A. Y. Fersman result in? 2. What

was discovered in

the Kola Peninsula as a result of Academician A. Y. Fersman's investigations there? 3. What method did В. I. Boky introduce into mining? 4. What is the leading organization in the USSR that works out theoretical problems connected with mining? 5. What problems did N. V. Melnikov pay special attention to?

VIII. Найдите в тексте 4B английские эквиваленты следующих русских сочетаний слов:

среди самых выдающихся советских геологов (1); чисто описательная наука, ряд научных экспедиций (2); обогатительная фабрика, обработка серы (2); фактически (3); следует отдать должное (4); предотвращение подземных пожаров (5); запасы энергетического топлива (6)

IX. Определите, который из трех заголовков наиболее соответствует содержанию текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. Prominent Mining Scientists. 2. Prominent Geologists.

3. Soviet School of Mining and Geology.

X.а) Прослушайте, повторите за диктором и постарайтесь запомнить следующие сочетания слов:

to embrace different fields of geology — охватывать (включать) различные области геологии; to be engaged in

87

studying and

prospecting

for

oil —- заниматься изучением

и разведкой

нефти; to

direct

mining operations — руко-

водить горными работами; combustible minerals — горючие

минералы;

to estimate oil reserves — оценивать

запасы

нефти

 

 

б) Прослушайте и постарайтесь понять следующие

сочетания

слов (книги

закрыты):

 

stratigraphy and tectonics of the oil layers; research in petroleum

в) Прослушайте текст и постарайтесь понять его основное содержание.

г) Прослушайте текст еще раз и ответьте на следующие вопросы:

 

1.

What

deposits did

I. M. Gubkin take particular

inter-

est

in? 2. What

Institute

did he found? 3. How many scien-

tific

works

did

I. M. Gubkin write?

 

 

 

 

 

The

text

deals

with

the

scientific

and

practical

work of

Prof.

I.

M.

Gubkin,

the

oil

geologist

who

is known

not

only

in

the USSR

but also to geologists

throughout the

world.

 

Prof.

I. M.

Gubkin's

work embraces

different

fields of

geology. He studied geological formations in the Soviet

Union but

particularly

he

took

interest

in

the

oil

deposits

of

the country and determined the stratigraphy and

tectonics

of

the oil

layers.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. M. Gubkin was

the

first

professor

of

the

geology of

oil deposits at the Moscow Mining Institute, of which he afterwards became the rector. He founded the Institute of Research in Petroleum of which he was the head for a long time. He gave lectures on the geology of world and Soviet oil deposits, creating a school of numerous pupils now engaged in studying and prospecting for oil on the territory of the USSR.

I. M. Gubkin directed the mining operations in the region of the Kursk Magnetic Anomaly which led to the discovery of big deposits of iron ore at a depth of 200-300 metres from the surface.

He was Member of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR and was elected vice-president of the USSR Academy of Sciences. In the Academy he founded the Institute of Combustible Minerals of which he became the head.

Prof. I. M. Gubkin took an active part in compiling geological maps of the country. He was the author of a hundred and fifty scientific works. One of his last works which he

88

wrote

before

his

death

was

 

Estimated

Oil

Reserves

of the

Soviet

 

Union.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

I. M. Gubkin made a great contribution to the

develop-

ment

of

the Soviet science of

geology.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ УРОКА 4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Т е к с т

 

А. Упр. X — 3, 5, 6, 8.

Упр. XII а) — 1/3, II/6,

111/5,

IV/8,

V/l,

VI/2,

VI1/9,

VII1/4,

IX/7.

б) —

1/5,

11/10.

III/7,

IV/1,

V/8,

VI/9,

VII/11, VIII/4, 1Х/3,

Х/2,

 

XI/6.

Упр. XIII — 1/4,

11/5,

111/1»

IV/7,

V/8, VI/2,

VII/3, VI11/9,

IX/6. Упр. XV а) — 1/V,

2/11,

3/IV,

4/I1I.

б)

—

1/1,

2/11, 3 / Ш .

Упр. XVII

— 1/6,

3,

1, 7,

5,

4, 2;

II/1,

5, 8,

2,

3, 6,

7,

4;

111/(2), 3,

1, 5,

 

4, 7, 6

(2).

Упр. XVIII

—

1/3,

II/3,

III/2,

IV/2,

V/3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

II

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Т е к с т

 

Б.

Упр.

IX — 3, 4, Б,

6, 7. Упр. XI а) — 1/7,

11/6,

III/5,

IV/8,

V/10,

VI/1,

VII/9, VI11/2,

IX/4,

Х/3.

б) — 1/3,

II/4,

1II/7,

IV/8,

V/2, VI/1,

VI1/9, VII1/5,

 

IX/10,

Х/6.

Упр. XVI — 1/4,

11/5,

Ш/6,

1V/3, V/2,

V1/1.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

III

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Т е к с т

 

В. Упр. IX — 3.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
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