Английский язык для горных инженеров

X. Подберите из списков А и Б близкие по значению слова. Проверьте себя по ключу:

А. 1) improve, 2) rank, 3) ensure, 4) use, 5) tabular,

6)crop out (outcrop), 7) barren rock, 8) quarry, 9) influence,

10)rib, 11) size, 12) broadly speaking, 13) take into consideration

cal or inclined opening directly connected with the surface. Shafts are classified as main or hoisting and auxiliary. (I. crosscut, II. chute, III. shaft) 2. From the shaft ... (si, sj)

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may be driven which are horizontal openings that have no communication with the surface. Very often they are driven

openings. They have no direct access to the surface. (I. blind

immediate communication with the surface and are used for

Fig. 5. Layout of mine workings

б) Выполните следующее задание (см. рис. 5):

1. Say what vertical workings are shown in Fig. 5 and which of them have no connection with the surface. 2. Say what horizontal workings are driven across the strike. 3. Say

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ХИ. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод условных придаточных предложений и союзов:

1. If the geological and prospecting indications are known, it is possible, even before prospecting proper begins, to forecast not only the type of economic deposit that may be found in the given conditions but also the associated elements and the whole complex of forecasting minerals. 2. Provided the geologists make use of proper prospecting methods, they will get necessary results. 3. On conditions that different types of ores are to be tested separately each sample should represent a definite type of ore. 4. Unless the face is directly connected to the upper level, the combine does not cut the face for its whole length.

XIII. Соедините главные предложения с придаточными. Проверьте себя по ключу:

XIV. Найдите в тексте 9A условные предложения и переведите их.

XV. Заполните пропуски в предложениях соответствующими вопросительными словами ("who", "what", "who(m)", "where," "why"):

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oil deposits? 3. ... does the term "mining" include? 4. ... do the geologists assist by solving a wide range of problems connected with the efficient exploitation of a deposit? 5. ...

is open-cast mining used here? ... factors are taken into consideration for classifying mine workings? G. ... is development used for?

*XVI, Переведите предложения, используя предлагаемые слова и сочетания слов:

useful mineral; to drive mine workings; exploratory and productive mine workings; barren (waste) rock; it is necessary; to contribute to; both ... and; a number of; the output

Горные выработки могут быть разведочными и эксплуатационными. Горные выработки могут проводиться как по полезному ископаемому, так и по пустой породе. Для разработки более глубоких частей пласта необходимо проводить ряд подземных выработок, которые могут быть вертикальными, горизонтальными и наклонными. Механизация горных операций способствует увеличению добычи полезного ископаемого.

XVII. Закончите предложения подходящими по смыслу словами из текста 9А. Используйте следующие разговорные формулы:

I'd like to stress; in fact; on the one hand; on the other hand; on the whole; first of all; as is known

come into use underground. The miners realize that the increased use of mining machinery will ... . 3. Many factors affect the choice of the mining method. In case the deposit

... . 4. It should be noticed that mine workings may have different functions. Let us consider, for example, productive

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§7.

I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:

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И.Определите по суффиксам, какой частью речи являются следующие слова, и переведите их:

improve — improved — improvement; protect — protective

III. Переведите следующие слова с приставкой "dis-":

disable, disadvantage, disagree, disapprove, disclose, disconnent, discover

IV. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:

methods of working; considerable number of mining methods; development work; minimum losses of mineral; production faces; gently sloping seams; to take advantage of (smth); to be rich in (srnth); to satisfy the requirements; main advantages and disadvantages of (smth); ore caving; mechanized stowing; in any particular conditions; continuous mining; room-and-pillar mining; additional haulage; coal getting (coal winning); the choice of the method of mining; the sequence of operations

of ventilation; hydraulic mining; the most economic and advantageous methods of coal getting; to win coal by monitors; a rational method of working

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VI. Определите значения слов "development" и "level" в контексте:

1. After the mineral deposit has been intersected (пересекать) by shaft or incline or adit which makes it accessible, the development work begins. 2. Much has already been done for the development of the region and its oil fields. 3. Development means opening up a coal seam or orebody to get access to it for exploitation purposes. 4. The development openings give information on thickness, dip, grade and width of the deposit. 5. Usually levels are not driven strictly horizontal but with a slight slope. 6. The Siberian economic development reflects the present-day level of industrial production not only of Siberia but of the entire country as well. 7. Mount Kazbek is 5033 m high above sea level. 8. Observations of level are made by instruments called levels.

М з э л п э т !

в) Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетания слов:

to satisfy the following requirements in any particular conditions; the main disadvantage of shortwall work; notwithstanding the considerable number of mining methods in existence; to work long faces to the dip with a shield protection; to be one of the most economic and advantageous methods of coal getting; to win the coal and transport it hydraulically from the place of work right to the surface

VIII. Прочитайте текст 9Б. Скажите, какие системы разработки пластовых месторождений описаны в тексте:

ТЕКСТ 9Б

METHODS OF WORKING BEDDED

DEPOSITS UNDERGROUND

The method of working (or method of mining) includes a

conditions. It depends on the mining plan and machines and

mining); 2. Methods of working with short faces (room-and- pillar).

The characteristic feature of the continuous mining (Figs. 6 and 7) is the absence of any development openings made in advance of production faces. The main advantage of long continuous faces is that they yield more mineral. Besides, they allow the maximum use of combines (shearers), cutting machines, powered supports and conveyers. The longwall meth-

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en from the entries, each room is separated from each other by a rib pillar. Rib pillars are recovered or robbed after the rooms are excavated. The main disadvantage of shortwall work is a considerable loss of mineral and the difficulty of ventilation. In working bedded deposits methods of mining mentioned above may be used either with stowing or with caving.

In the USSR, the FRG (the Ruhr coal-field), France and

and advantageous methods of coal getting. New hydraulic mines are coming into use in a number of coal-fields of the

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I H B M I M B I j

Fig. 8. Room-and-pillar method for working a gently sloping seam

monitors (or giants) which win coal and transport it hydraulically from the place of work right to the surface.

It is quite obvious that the choice of the method of mining will primarily depend on the depth and the shape and the general type of the deposit.

IX. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста 9Б. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. A definite sequence and organization of development work is called mining. 2. Mining methods in existence can be

Shield method of working

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