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ТЕКСТ 4А

А. P. KARPINSKY (1847-1936)

The	prominent scientists who have laid the	foundation1
of the Soviet school of geology and mining are V. A. Obruchev,
I. jVl, Gubkin, A. Y. Fersman, V. I. Vernadsky		and others.
Afebng them is the outstanding scientist A. P.		Karpinsky,
the greatest Soviet geologist, President of the Academy of
Sciences of the USSR of which he had been a member for
many	years.
It should be noted that at that time he was the only
academician in the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg. Be-

. r' sides, he was a foreign member of many Academies. The


Geological			Society of London elected him a foreign member
in	1901.,		,
	An entire epoch in the history of Russian geology is con-
nected		with		Karpinsky's name. A. P.	Karpinsky	compiled
a	new,	much		more detailed geological	map of the	European

part of the USSR and the Urals.

During many years he headed the Russian Geological Committee, the stuff of which was mainly composed of his pupils. A. P. Karpinsky was the creator of the new stratigraphy of Russia. This, however, does not exhaust the significance of A. P. Karpinsky's work in the history of geology. He was one of the geologists who embraced the whole of geological science. He was working with equal skill in every branch of it. He investigated the systems and various regions

of the USSR, mainly the Urals. He was the first to		establish
the regularity of movements of the Earth's	crust.
A. P. Karpinsky's palaeontological studies	are	of no less

importance. His most remarkable works are those concerning the palaeozoic ammonoids. From the very beginning of his

scientific activity A.		P. Karpinsky		was	taking		an	interest
in deposits of useful		minerals.	He	gave	the	classification
of volcanic rocks. He advanced			the view that				petroleum
deposits exist in our country. This has been brilliantly									con-
firmed	later.
A. P. Karpinsky was particularly				interested			in	the	pro-
blem of	the origin of	platinum	deposits.		He	studied			some

iron ore deposits. He may be justly called the founder of the practical geology of the Urals.

Besides special studies in petrology by which A. P. Kar-

pinsky	began	his	scientific activity it is worth mentioning2
that he	was	the	first in Russia to introduce the microscope
in the	study	of	petrographic slides.

А. P. Karpinsky was the prominent Soviet scientist, an excellent man and citizen. He was one of the best lecturers at the Mining Institute at that time. He was also one of the greatest Russian scientists who later became the first elected President of the Academy of Sciences. Students were attracted to him not only because he was an outstanding scientist but also because of his charming personality and gentle manner.

Every		geologist knows A. P. Karpinsky's work	An Out-
line of	the	Physical and Geographical Conditions in	European
Russia	in	Past Geological Periods.

Nowadays geologists continue the traditions of their prominent teachers. Large-scale researches are carried out in all the main branches of geology and mining. Soviet scientific research institutions are working out new methods of prospecting and extracting useful minerals. The global problems on which these institutions focus their attention include provision of humanity with essential raw material resources, environmental protection, exploration of World Ocean and others.

Пояснения			к тексту A:
1.	to	lay	the	foundation — заложить фундамент (основу)
2.	it	is worth		mentioning — стоит отметить

X. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. As is known А. P. Karpinsky had been a member of the Academy of Sciences for thirty years. 2. He was one of the academicians who worked at the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg. 3. A. P. Karpinsky was a member of many foreign Academies. 4. A. P. Karpinsky compiled a detailed map of the Asian part of our country. 5. He headed the Russian Geological Committee. 6. In fact, A. P. Karpinsky created a new branch of geology, namely stratigraphy. 7. He only tried to establish the regularity of movements of the Earth's crust. 8. We may justly call A. P. Karpinsky the founder of the practical geology of the Urals.

*XI. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

1.What problems do geologists pay special attention to?

2.What society elected A. P. Karpinsky a foreign member and when? 3. Did he head the Russian Geological Committee or was he a member of that Committee? 4. Did A.P. Karpinsky

investigate	various regions of the Soviet Union? 5. Which
of his works	are the most remarkable? 6. What problem was

А. P. Karpinsky particularly interested in? 7. What can you say about A. P. Karpinsky's investigations in petrology?

8. Do you know what part of

geology deals

with

the origin

of minerals?

XII. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих

слов и сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

I. the

Earth's

crust

недавние

исследования

II.

prominent

scientist

2. очерк,

план

III.

remarkable

works

земная

кора

IV. the

origin

plati-

составить карту

num deposits

замечательные

работы

V. recent

investigations

VI. an

outline

выдающийся

ученый

VII.

to extract useful min-

предсказать

наличие ми-

erals

нералов

VIII .

compile

a map

происхождение

платино-

IX. to

forecast

the

exis-

вых

месторождений

9. добывать полезные иско-

tence

minerals

паемые

б)

Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следующих

сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

научное

общество

because

difficult

con-

II. избирать

председате-

ditions

concern

the

problem

ля

(президента)

scientific

discoveries

III.

основатель

геологи-

advance

the

view

ческой школы

IV. из-за

трудных

усло-

great

impor-

вий

tance

for

science

V. согласно требованиям

scientific

society

VI. сделать

вывод

head

Committee (to

be at the head of a

Com-

mittee)

VII. заинтересоваться гео-

the

founder

the

geo-

логией

logical

school

VIII.

иметь

большое значе-

according to the require-

ние

для

науки

ments

IX. высказать точку зре-

make (draw) a con-

ния

clusion

X. касаться

проблемы

10.

to elect chairman (pres-

научных

открытий

ident)

XI.

возглавлять

комитет

11.

to take

interest

geol-

ogy

XIII. Подберите из списков А и Б близкие по значению слова. Проверьте себя по ключу:

understand,

II. to

concern,

III.

because

of,

IV. especially, V. during, VI. to be at

the head of, VII.

lay the

foundation,

VIII. significance,

IX.

outstanding

Б.

due to, 2) to head, 3) to found, 4)

to realize,

deal with, 6) prominent, 7) particularly,

8) for, 9)

importance

XIV. Переведите

следующие

сочетания

слов,

обращая

внимание

на

разные

значения

слова

"very":

very good; very much; very difficult; at the very beginning;

at that very moment; at the very end;

the

very

book;

this

very colliery; that very scientist; the

very

first;

the

very

last;

the

very

best

XV. Заполните пропуски в предложениях, используя следующие слова. Проверьте себя по ключу:

а) I. create, II. creator, III. creation, IV. creative,

V.created

1.A. P. Karpinsky took a great interest in stratigraphy. He ... the new stratigraphy of Russia. 2. В. I. Boky was the


first to		apply the analytical method to				mining. He was				the
...	of the theoretical principles of				extracting		coal	deposits.
3.	The	scientific	contacts	between	research		centres		which
are	in	different	parts of	the country		are developing.				This
is	an important condition for the				...	development			of	the
whole of Soviet science. 4. The ...					of the research			coordina-

tion centres will help conduct more active researches in different fields of science and engineering.

б) I. investigated, II. investigation, III. investigator

1. The Institute of Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the USSR Academy of Sciences ... the geotectonic complex of the Western Siberian platform. 2. The results of these ...s show that the gas potential is great there. 3. The ...s know that plants help find mineral-rich areas.

XVI. Определите временные формы глагола-сказуемого в каждом предложении. Переведите предложения:

1. A group of engineers is working out the programme of investigations in the northern part of the country. They have already worked out a detailed plan for carrying out their future work. 2. The students are studying physical geology which deals with the chemical composition, crystal form and the origin of minerals. They have already studied petro-

graphy dealing with the structure, texture and composition of rocks. 3. The engineer was working at the colliery for many

years. He knew the geological conditions in the

coal-field

very

well.

XVII. Составьте

предложения

из

следующих

слов.

Проверьте

себя

по

ключу:

1) working out,

2) prospecting,

3) is,

4) of, 5)

methods,

a group of geologists, 7)

new.

II. 1) at that time, 2) not, 3) carrying out, 4) the labora-

tory,

they,

the

experiment, 7) in,

were.

III.

1) shall,

2) from 9

till

12,

we,

4) working,

5) be,

6) the laboratory, 7) in.

XVIII. Заполните

пропуски в

предложениях,

выбрав глагол

соот-

ветствующей

временной

форме.

Проверьте

себя

по

ключу:

I. At present a group of

scientists

... important

problems

concerning

oil

extraction.

(1.

works

out,

2. has worked

out,

working

out).

II.

Soviet

geologists ...

a new map now. It

will

help

forecast

valuable

minerals.

(1.

compiled,

2. were

compiling,

are compiling,

have

compiled).

III. When we came into the hall, the scientist

...

about

the

recent

investigations

the

northern

regions

the

country. (1. spoke, 2. was

speaking,

will

speaking).

IV. In fact, for many

years A. P.

Karpinsky

...

with

equal

skill

every

branch

geology.

(1.

works,

was

working,

worked).

V. In

the past

decades the number of

scientific researches

has

considerably

increased

and

it ...

still

...

very

rapidly.

(1. increases, 2. was increasing,

increasing).

*XIX. Переведите

предложения,

используя

следующие

сочетания

слов:

to introduce automated systems of planning and control; to write an article; to enter a room; to compile a map; extractive industries; the Earth's crust; both ... and

1. В настоящее время группа ученых и геологов составляет новую карту Казахстана. 2. Советские специалисты вводят (внедряют) автоматизированные системы планирования и управления как в угольной промышленности, так и в других добывающих отраслях промышленности нашей страны. 3. Когда мы вошли в комнату, он писал статью о современных исследованиях земной коры.

*ХХ. Найдите в тексте 4А предложения, в которых сказуемые выражены глаголами в форме продолженного времени (The Continuous Tense).

XXI. Выполните задание по следующему образцу:

О б р а з е ц :

Say

what

you are interested

in. (geology)

interested

geology.

a) Say

what

you

(your

friend) are (is) interested in.

(conducting

scientific

researches,

prospecting for

mineral

deposits,

the

creation

new

mining

methods,

foreign

lan-

guages,

carrying

out

experiments,

the

system

education)

b) Say

what

the

students

were

doing

when

you

came

into the

laboratory,

(to

record

the

observations,

work out

the plan

the experiments,

to design

a new quarry

(colliery),

to compile

new

map

the

region)

XXII. Выразите несогласие со следующими высказываниями. Подтвердите свою точку зрения фактами из текста 4А. Используйте следующие разговорные формулы:

I'm afraid that's wrong; that's not quite so; I can't agree with you; on the contrary; I'd like to say a few words; to my mind; in my opinion; as far as I know; as is known; I don't think so; according to the text

1. A. P. Karpinsky was one of many prominent academi-

cians at the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg at			that time.
He worked in the field of		mineralogy. 2. A. P.	Karpinsky
was particularly	interested	in theoretical geology. 3. We
do not know who	was the	first to introduce the	microscope

in the study of petrographic slides. 4. A. P. Karpinsky worked at different problems concerning geology but never gave lectures to students.

*XXIII. Перескажите вкратце текст 4A, используя следующие ключевые слова:

are conducting researches; are working out; was a member of; is connected with; compiled a map; was at the head of; was the creator of; investigated; are of great importance; was taking an interest in; advanced the view; was interested in; were attracted to; are carried out; focus their attention

XXIV. Подготовьте сообщения на темы: 1) значение научного наследия А. П. Карпинского и его влияние на развитие современной геологии; 2) вклад в науку известных вам советских уче- ных-геологов. Используйте следующие разговорные формулы:

I'd like to say a few words about; it should be stressed that; I can add; as a matter of fact; broadly speaking; in my opinion; in other words; it is important to say that, etc. (§ 89).

Грамматика: Страдательный залог (the Passive Voice) —§§ 57— 58. Значение и употребление слова as — § 78. Сложноподчиненные предложения— § 81.

I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:

accept	[ak'sept]	v	принимать;
accept	a present	(an	invitation,
an offer) принять				подарок
(приглашение,		предложение)
choose	[tju:z]	(chose		[t^ouz],
chosen	[tjouzn]) с			выбирать;
choice	я выбор

collect [ka'lekt] v собирать, кол-


лекционировать					v
complete	[kam'pli :t]					заканчи-
вать,	завершать;				комплекто-
вать;	syn		finish;		complete			a
полный,			законченный;					ant
incomplete
describe	[dis'kraib] v описывать,
изображать; descriptive а опи-
сательный						v
facilitate		[fa'siliteit]					облег-
чать;	помогать;				способство-
вать;	facility			я (pi		facilities)
средства		обслуживания;					воз-
можности;			оборудование;					ус-
тройства
fire damp		['faiadeemp]				п	руд-
ничный газ, метан
fulfil	[ful'fil]			v	выполнять,
исполнять;				завершать;				syn
carry out

harm [ha:m] n вред; v вредить;

повреждать			v относиться,
relate	[ri'leit]
иметь	отношение
safety ['seifti]		n	безопасность;
mine	safety	безопасность		тру-
да при горных			работах;	тех-
ника	безопасности;			safety

measures			меры		безопаснос-
ти; safe а безопасный; надеж-
ный
seam	[si:rri] я пласт				(угля)\		syn
bed, layer;			flat	seam		горизон-
тальный,			пологопадающий
пласт; inclined				seam		наклон-
ный	пласт;		steep seam			круто-
падающий			пласт;		thick		seam
мощный пласт; thin seam тон-
кий	пласт
state	[steit]	я	состояние;				госу-
дарство;		штат;		а	государст-

венный; v заявлять; констатировать; излагать

success [sak'ses] п успех, удача;


be a success иметь успех
win [win]		(won [wAn])				v выиг-
рать,	победить,			одержать			по-
беду;	добывать			(руду,		уголь и
т. п.);		winning			я	добыча,
выемка; coal winning						=	coal
getting		=	underground				win-
ning		подземная			выработка,
подземная			добыча
'о defend		graduation			paper		(the-
sis) защищать дипломную							ра-
боту	(диссертацию)

to do one's best (one's utmost, all

one	can, everything	in	one's
power) сделать все возмож-
ное,	не жалеть сил	(to)
to make contribution		(to)	вно-
сить	вклад в (науку,		техни-
ку и	т. д.)

II. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов. Переведите их:

entrance examinations; the training of specialists; graduation paper; coal seam; coal deposits; assistant manager; mine surveying; the exploitation of deposits; mine safety; bedded deposits; the description of diagrams; transport facilities; a complete description of the quarry; two-volume text-books; flat-seam mining; thick-seam mining; thin-seam mining; steep-seam mining

III.Определите значения выделенных слов по сходству их корней с корнями соответствующих слов в русском языке:

mining mechanics; descriptive courses; elementary practical training; the best lecturer; lectures on historical geol-

ogy; a particular	interest;	an	interesting		subject;	a	first-
class diploma; the department of Mining					Transport;		as a
result; gassy collieries; the		problem of		fire	damp;	the	state
of mechanization;	mining machinery; the pioneer in scientific
methods of coal	gasification;		a public	figure

IV. а) Переведите прилагательные, образованные с помощью суффикса "-ful":

useful, successful, powerful, harmful

б) Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от выделенных существительных:


1. Power stations				are equipped with ... machines					(rated
at 500,000-800,000			KW).		2.	A. M.	Terpigorev's		investi-
gations	in mine safety were a success. He worked out a series
of safety		measures in		gassy collieries.			His ...	research has
greatly	improved		the	working conditions in mines. 3. The
extensive		use of scientific			and technological			achievements
makes	it	possible	to	develop		all branches of		production.

The scientists are working out new methods of mining ...

minerals. 4. Fire damp does much harm to the health of miners. It is the most ... of all the gases in the mine air.

V.Определите значение слова "state" в контексте:

1.The Soviet state pays great attention to the living conditions of miners. 2. The minister of the coal industry

states that the workers in extractive industries		will get
further privileges.	3. A. M. Terpigorev's work Coal	Mining
and Mine Transport	Facilities gives a complete	descrip-

tion of the state of mechanization and the economy of the Donbas.

VI. Прочитайте сложноподчиненные предложения. Обратите внимание на союзы, присоединяющие придаточные предложения к главному. Переведите предложения:

1. The general tendency in underground mining is the introduction of mechanized complexes which make the miners' work safer. 2. Operating experience shows that the mining of thick flat seams with the complexes has been successful at the mines of the basin. 3. For working thin seams from 0.7 to 1.2 metres thick miners use mechanized complexes while the working of flat seams less than 0.8-metres thick

with mechanized complexes is complicated. 4. As complete mechanization of mining operations in steep seams is rather difficult, the level of mechanization in such seams is not high. 5. Scientists and engineers are working out fire damp

control	measures because				fire damp is			the most	dangerous
and the most harmful of					all the gases in mine air.
VII. а)	Прочитайте		вслух следующие				слова:
1аг] —	flat,	'manager,			'practical,		me'chanics,		'graduate,
	'capital
Ее] — bed,		'bedded,		'measure,		de'fend,		'pressure, 'deputy
b : l — all,		score,	a'ward, 'order
[i:] —	'even, seam,			de'gree,		'teacher
[a: ] — hard,		pass,	class,		draft,	charge

б) Прочитайте следующие слова и запомните их произношение:

academician [3<kaed9'mi|(a)n], diploma [dip'louma], elementary [^eli'mentaril, senior ['sknjaJ, honour f'onal, deputy ['depjuti]

в) Прочитайте слитно следующие сочетания слов:

to finish school with honours; to pass all the entrance examinations successfully; to study the full range of subjects relating to metallurgy, mining and mining mechanics; to

take charge of	the mining chair; to take a	particular interest
in mine safety;	the description of the state	of mechanization

and the economy of the Donbas; to be decorated with government orders

VIII. Прочитайте текст 4Б и скажите, разработке каких научных проблем А. М. Терпигорев уделял особое внимание:

ТЕКСТ 4Б

А. М. TERPIGOREV (1873-1959)

Academician	А. М.	Terpigorev	is a	well-known mining
engineer who successfully combined his				practical	experience
with scientific	research.	He was	born	in 1873 in	Tambov.

In 1892 he finished school with honours1 and decided to get higher education. He chose the Mining Institute in St. Petersburg, passed all the entrance examinations successfully and

became a		student of		the	Mining	Institute.
At	the	Institute he studied the full range of subjects re-
lating	to	metallurgy, mining and mining mechanics.
At	that	time	students'		specialization		was based	on des-
criptive courses			and	elementary		practical	training.	One of

the best lecturers was A. P. Karpinsky. His lectures on his-

torical	geology		were		very interesting.
During		his	practical			training	A. M.	Terpigorev		visited
mines	and	saw	that		the	miner's	work	was very	difficult.
In the Donbas he collected material for his graduation										paper
which he was to prepare and defend. It dealt with the										mining
of flat	seams		in	the	Donbas.
In	1897	A. M.		Terpigorev graduated				from the	Institute

and was awarded a first-class diploma of a mining engineer.

His first job as a mining engineer was at the Sulin

mines

where he was working for more

than three years first as

assis-

tant manager and later as manager.

From

1900 till 1922 A. M. Terpigorev was working at the

Yekaterinoslav

Mining

Institute (now

the

Mining

Institute

in Dnepropetrovsk).

In 1922 A. M. Terpigorev

accepted

an offer to take charge

of2 the mining chair at the Moscow Mining Academy

and

moved to Moscow. From 1930 he headed the chairs3 of

Min-

ing Transport

and Mining of Bedded

Deposits at the

Moscow

Mining

Institute.

Academician A. M. Terpigorev took a particular

interest

in mine safety. As a result of the investigations

which he

was carrying out in the

Donbas at the beginning of the

cen-

tury, A. M. Terpigorev

worked out a series of safety measures

in gassy

collieries. For

a long time he was working on the

problem

of fire

damp,

the most harmful and dangerous of

all the gases in mine

air.

His two-volume work Coat

Mining

and

Mine

Transport

Facilities

is a complete

description of the state of mechaniza-

tion

and

the

economy

of the Donbas. His other works deal

with

mining

transport

facilities,

mechanization

coal

min-

ing

and

mining

machinery.

He is

one

the

pioneers in

scientific

methods of coal gasification.

A. M. Terpigorev's activities include

his work as a public

figure. Many times he was decorated4 with

Government

orders.

Academician

A. M.

Terpigorev,

B . I .

Boky

and

other

prominent scientists made a great contribution to the development of mining. They laid the foundation of the Russian science of mining.

Пояснения к текту 4Б:

1.finished school with honours — окончил школу с отличием

2.to take charge of (smth.) — принимать руководство, осуществлять контроль (над чем-л.)

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