Английский язык для горных инженеров

vegetable remains ... in swamp (болото)

areas millions of

years ago. 4. As is known, any

natural

... of mineral of some

volume in the Earth's crust

is a mineral

deposit.

XIII. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на перевод вы-

деленных слов:

1. Electricity is a source of

light as well

as of heat. 2. As

igneous rocks and their veins are rich

in

mineral

deposits,

they are very important to man. 3. As

is known,

fossils are

igneous rocks as well.

4. Mine cars are unloaded

(разгружать)

as they pass

through a loading point. 5. As far as petroleum

is

concerned

it is associated with water and

natural

gas.

6.

Nowadays

natural

gas is utilized as a raw

material

for

ing

geothermal

energy is under consideration now. 4. On

re-utilizing the

wastes (отходы) it will be possible to make

the

extractive

industries more efficient. 5. Geologists have

got good results in prospecting for mineral resources

in

the

sea.

6. A

group

of engineers

began

designing

a new

quarry.

XV. а)

Назовите,

в каких предложениях

употреблен

герундий. Ука-

жите

определяющие его

признаки:

1.

Charcoal

is

used for producing high grades

of

cast

iron.

2.

Coke

is

formed

in

the

process

of heating

certain

grades

of

coal

in

the absence of

air. 3.

New

concentration

ferrous metals. 4. Many minerals undergo

changes by

taking

water in their molecule. 5. The form of

a mineral

body is

taken

into consideration in selecting the

method

of

mining.

6. In

prospecting for useful minerals,

aerial

photography

1. Fossil fuels as a

source

of energy, their

origin, (to

re-

present,

energy,

the decay of

organic materials,

to

accumulate,

to be found in,

to be abundant

in).

2. The types of fossil fuels.

Solid

fuels,

natural

and

manufactured,

their

usage,

(to

divide

into,

to

include,

to obtain)

3. Liquid

fuels.

Petroleum,

its

origin, occurrence and usage, (to be derived from,

to con-

tain,

to be

associated

with, to be

found

in)

4.

Gaseous

fuels

and

their

use

in the economy,

(to make

it

possible,

to be

widely

used, to be of

importance)

XX. Продолжите диалог. Используйте разговорные формулы (§ 89):

A.:

I think fossil fuels are the only source of energy

today.

B.:

You are not right because the text

says ...

XXI. Расскажите

коротко (6—8 предложений) о

разных

видах топ-

лива и других источниках энергии в промышленности и в быту

в

вашем

городе/районе/республике.

Используйте

известные

вам разговорные формулы (см. § 89).

1. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:

bench [bentj] п слой, пачка

женный; подлежащий

(чему-л.)

(пласта)

v

lustre

['lAstaj

п

блеск

(угля,

blend [blend]

смешивать(ея);

металла)-, lustrous а блестя-

' вклинивать(ся)

щий

combustion [kam'bAstj'an]

п

го-

matter

['maeta] п

вещество; ма-

рение,

сгорание;

spontaneous

терия

combustion

самовоспламенение,

moisture

['rraistja]

п

влаж-

самовозгорание

ность,

сырость;

влага

continuity

[<konti'nju(:)iti]

п

parting

['pa:tnj]

п

прослоек;

непрерывность,

неразрывность

отдельность

bed-

domestic

[da'mestik] а

внутрен-

plane

[plein]

п плоскость;

ний;

отечественный

ding

plane

плоскость

наплас-

estimate

['estimeit]

о оценивать;

тования

['estimit]

п

оценка;

смгта

rank

[raeijk] п

класс,

тип;

coal

fault [fa:lt] п разлом, сдвиг

rank группа угля, тип угля

(породы)-,

сброс;

faulting

п

regular

['regjula]

а

правильный;

образование

разрывов

или

непрерывный;

ant

irregular

сбросов

неправильный;

неравномерный;

fold [fould]

п

изгиб,

складка,

regularity

п

непрерывность;

флексура; folding п складча-

правильность

а

тость,

смещение

(пласта)

без

similar

['simila]

похожий,

разрыва

сходный;

подобный;

syn

alike,

inflame

[in'fieim]

v

воспламе-

the

same

as

v плавить

(руду)-,

няться;

загорать(ся);

inflam-

smelt

[smelt]

mable

[т'НазтэЫ]

а вос-

выплавлять

(металл)

пламеняющийся,

горючий,

ог-

store

[sto:]

v

запасать,

хранить

неопасный;

flame

[fleim]

п

на

складе;

вмещать

пламя

strata ['stra:ta] п pi от stratum

intermediate [jnta'mhdjat] а про-

пласты

породы;

свита

(плас-

межуточный;

вспомогательный

тов)-,

формация,

напластова-

liable

['laiabl]

a

(to)

подвер-

ния

породы; syn

measures

content; brilliant lustre; coking and

non-coking

qualities;

iron ore smelting; high-rank or low-rank

coal;

intermediate

substance; as many as 72 elements; coal

beds;

different

bands or benches of various thickness; thin

layers of clay

and shale; folding and faulting; domestic

fuel;

low-volatile

bituminous coals; to weather slightly;

to

be

more

difficult

to store

III. Определите значения выделенных слов

по

сходству

их корней

с корнями соответствующих слов в русском

языке:

processes

are

similar to those of sedimentary rocks. In this

case

we

can

speak about their ... . 3. According to their

shape

mineral

deposits can be classified as regular or irreg-

ular. Regular deposits include seams

and veins while irreg-

ular

deposits

include stocks. Coal

belongs to regular depos-

its

but it is

characterized by ...

in

thickness.

to note the production of liquid fuels such

as

gas

and oil

from coal.

VII. а) Прочитайте вслух следующие

слова:

[el — bed,

blend,

'smelting,

'general,

'element,

do'mestic,

'many

[ i : l — p e a t ,

heat,

'easy,

steel,

keep,

'medium

Ы — 'lustre, 'sulphur,

some,

but,

'other, a'bundant

[as] — ash,

'value,

rank,

'matter,

'calorie,

'active

[э: I — burn,

'surface, 'purpose,

re'serves,

world,

'furnace

b : l — store,

ac'cording,

pro'portion,

source

[аГ] — dry,

pile,

kind,

pro'vide,

'either,

slight,

'slightly

[ou] — low,

coke,

'coking, most, though, al'though, smoke

[a: J — large,

hard,

'carbon,

blast, fast

anthracite ['asnOrasait], liquefaction

[/ likwi'fekj(9)nl

в) Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов:

according to the amount of

carbon;

a

variable proportion

of ash;

a low-rank brown-to-black coal;

easily inflammable

lignite;

liable to spontaneous

combustion; medium-to-low

volatile

bituminous coals; the

greatest

quantities of peat;

importance for the development

of modern industry; to be

used for domestic and industrial

purposes

The benches may be sepa-

rated by thin layers of clay,

-Rock

shale, pyrite

or

other

miner-

partings

al matter,

commonly

called

Coal

partings (Fig.

4).

bands

Like

other

sedimentary

brown coal.

Although

carbon is the most important element

in coal,

as many as 72 elements have been found in some coal

deposits,

and

others.

Lignite

is intermediate in

properties

between peat

and

bituminous

coal, containing when dry about 60

to 75 per

cent

of carbon and a variable

proportion

of

ash.

Lignite is

a low-rank

brown-to-black coal

containing

30

to

40 per

cent

10—2132

145

been estimated

that about 50 per cent

of the world's total

coal reserves are

Iignitic.

Brown coal

is

harder than lignite,

containing from 60

to 65 per cent of carbon and

developing greater

heat than

lignite (4,000-7,000 calories).

It

is very combustible

and

gives a brown powder. Bituminous

coal is the most abundant

variety, varying from medium to

high rank. It

is a

soft,

neous

combustion

if properly stored. Medium-to-low

vol-

atile

bituminous

coals may be of

coking quality. Coal is

used

intensively

in blast furnaces

for smelting iron

ore.

There

are

non-coking varieties of coal.

As

for

the

thickness,

the

beds of this kind of coal are

not

very

thick (1-1.5 metres).

The great

quantities of bi-

tuminous coal are found in the USSR.

Anthracite

or

"hard"

coal

has a brilliant lustre contain-

ing

more

than

90

per

cent

of

carbon

and

low

percentage

of

volatile

matter. It

is

used

primarily as a domestic fuel,

although

it

can

sometimes

be

blended

with

bituminous

grades

of

coal to produce a mixture with improved coking

qualities.

The

largest

beds

of

anthracite are found in the

USSR,

the

USA

and

Great

Britain.

Coal is

still

of

great

importance for

the development of

in the

iron

and steel

industry.

Lignite, for example either

in the raw state or in briquetted

form, is a source of industrial

carbon

and

industrial

gases.

Подтвердите

свои ответы

фактами из текста.

Проверьте

себя

по

ключу:

1.

Anthracite coals may be divided into lignite

and

common brown coal. 2. Coals are ranked according to

the

percentage of

carbon they

contain. 3. Peat,

with the

least

III. доменная печь

3.

coal

rank

IV. содержание

углерода

4.

to

store coal

V. смешиваться

с дру-

5.

to

weather

rapidly

гими углями

6.

non-coking

coal

VI. улучшенного

качест-

ва

7.

blast

furnace

VII.

складировать

уголь

VIII. теплотворная

способ-

8.

of

improved

quality

ность

9.

to

blend with other coals

IX. быстро выветривать-

ся

XII. Подберите соответствующие словарные определения для назва-

ний разных видов топлива. Проверьте себя по ключу:

I.

anthracite,

II.

lignite,

III. bituminous coal,

IV.

peat

I.

A low-rank

brown-to-black

coal

containing

30

to

ture of this grade of coals is its

low percentage of volatile

matter and high carbon

content.

4. This coal has more than

14 per cent of volatile

content.

There are non-coking and

XIII. Заполните пропуски в предложениях,

используя следующие

слова. Проверьте себя по ключу:

а)

I.

continue,

II. continuous, III. continuity

1. Fossil fuels ... to play an important role

in

the

nation-

al economy

of

the

country. 2. Like other sedimentary strata

coal beds are characterized by uniformity and

. . . . 3. In

mining

bedded

deposits ... faces

(забои)

are

used.

б)

I.

disturb,

II.

disturbance,

III.

disturbed

1.

Any

change

in

the normal

bedding

of

a

seam

(fault

or

fold)

is

called

a ... . 2. Coal seams may

be

structurally

...

by

faulting

or

folding. 3. Folds ... coal

seams

without

a

break

and sometimes faults ... them

with

a

break.

XIV. Определите

число

выделенных

существительных:

these

men; 25

feet; natural phenomenon;

their

analyses;

О б р а з е ц : In Soviet mines coal is won by cutter

loaders

operating on mechanized faces.

В советских

шахтах уголь добывается комбайнами,

рабо-

тающими в механизированных

лавах

(забоях).

1. The highest output of coal excluding

seams

of

6° to

through

the

mine has been greatly increased.

3. It should

be

noticed

that the

theory of

prospecting and

exploration

is

a link

connecting

specialists

in two fields of

mining: the

tion of mineralization are observed in practically all

ore

fields.

б)

в

функции

обстоятельственного

причастного оборота:

О б р а з е ц :

Designing

new

mining

machines,

engineers

should

pay

attention

to

geological

conditions

of

mines. -> Проектируя

новые

горные

ма-

шины,

инженеры должны обращать внимание

на

геологические условия.

1. Minerals and rocks are subjected to a process of con-

stant

development

depending

on

geological

conditions.

2. Studying and exploring deep deposits, it is of great

im-

portance

to

establish

the relation

between the

structures

localization.

3. Geophysical

methods

sometimes

make it

possible

to

determine

the

thickness

of iron ore

deposits,

and under favourable

conditions even

to establish the com-

position

of

the ores as well,

thereby decreasing the

number

structural conditions,

there are several types of

ore fields.

в) в функции обстоятельственного оборота, вводимого союзами

"when" и

"while":

О б р а з е ц :

When

freezing, water expands.

Замерзая,

вода расширяется.