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Северный (Арктический) федеральный университет им. М. В. Ломоносова

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Английский язык для горных инженеров

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приятия. 5. Химические заводы производят кокс, пластмассы и другие продукты.

XVIII. а) Переспросите	по образцу:
О б р а з е ц: West Siberia is		rich	in	natural	resources.
Is West	Siberia	rich	in	natural	resources?

1. The country depends on its own fuel and energy resources. 2. There are large fuel and energy complexes in the eastern areas. 3. Geologists discover new deposits on continental shelves. 4. Scientists create new computers and robots. 5. It is very important to improve the quality of metal,

б) Задайте вопросы по образцу:

О б р а з е ц : The region is rich in unique deposits. - > What deposits is the region rich in?

1. In the eastern areas there	are large	fuel and	energy
complexes. (where?) 2. Economic	development plans provide
for the extensive development of	extractive	industries	(what

industries) 3. The development of continental shelves is impor-

tant.	(what?) 4.	The production of Siberian gas increases.
(the	production	of what?) 5. Modern industry depends on
metal	(what?)

*XIX. Перескажите вкратце текст 1Б, используя ключевые слова: is rich in; depends on; continues; to provide for; are un-


der	construction;		to find commercial deposits; priority				is
g iven		to; great attention is paid to; it is important; to pro-
vide	for stepping		up
XX. а)		Составьте краткое		сообщение,	используя	следующий план:
1.		Useful minerals		your region	(area,	republic, etc.)	is

rich in. 2. The main branches of industry in your town (region, area, republic, etc.). 3. Industrial centres in your region (area, republic, etc.). 4. Industrial enterprises which are under construction or in operation in your town (region, republic, etc.).

б) Расскажите по схеме все, что вы знаете о важнейших отраслях промышленности:

Heavy Industry

machine-building	metallurgical	extractive
industries	(iron and steel)	industries
	industry	(coal, gas, oil, etc.)

			I I !
I. Прочитайте текст		1В и определите его основную идею.
Слова для	понимания		текста:
outcropping seams — пласты, выходящие на поверхность;							to monitor
— контролировать;		design — проектирование;				simulation — моде-
лирование;	scheduling — график;			режим	работы
ТЕКСТ 1В
Coal is a raw material for				the production of coke, synthet-
ic gases,	liquids	and	other	products	on	which	industrial

enterprises depend. The coal mining industry supplies the

country	with cheap	fuel and electric power. The principal
coal consumers are		electric power	stations, metallurgy and
public	service.
The coal industry		in the USSR is	one of the basic branches

of the national economy which supplies the country with coking and thermal coal and with other products. The USSR

has large deposits of high-grade coal which play an							important
role	in the total	consumption of		all	fuels.
The main coal basins are situated all over the country's
large	area. Geological		conditions of coal-fields are				quite dif-
ferent — from the very deep in the Donets Coal							Basin		to
nearly outcropping seams in Siberia.
Coal output comes from underground and open-cast								mines.
It should be stressed that now special attention							is	paid	to
open-cast mining		especially in the eastern areas where geolog-
ical	conditions	are	particularly	favourable		for	open-cast
mining.
Economic development plans provide for						the	retooling
and	modernization of Soviet collieries. Special					attention			is
paid	to the introduction of computers, reliable equipment
and	control systems. Control systems provide information
that	improves the planning and monitor the whole process.
It is	necessary to note that computers				are especially useful

in design, simulation, monitoring, and scheduling. The computer programmes can give information on coal quality, tonnage, etc. Microcomputers also find their way to mining and geological work.

II. В каждом абзаце текста 1В найдите предложение, выражающее его основную мысль. Озаглавьте каждый абзац.

III.Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы:

1.What are the main consumers of coal? 2. What method

of mining finds wide application now? 3. Why is special atention paid to control systems and computers?

IV. Назовите, который из трех заголовков наиболее соответствует содержанию текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. Main Coal-fields in the USSR. 2. Coal as a Raw Material. 3. The Role of Coal in the National Economy.

КЛЮЧИ К УПРАЖНЕНИЯМ УРОКА 1

Т е к с т

А. Упр. VII — 3, 4, 5.

Упр. X а) — 1/6,

II/3,

III/7,

IV/I,

V/8, VI/10, VI1/2, VII1/9, IX/4,

Х/5.

б) — 1/10,

И/6,

III/1,

IV/8,

V/2,

VI/3, VII/5,

VIII/9,

IX/4,

Х/7.

Упр.

XI — 1/III,

2/IV,

3/II,

4/1,

5/V. Упр.

XV — 1/4,

1, 2, 5,

3; II/6, 1, 4, 3,

5; III/2, 4,

1,3;

IV/6, 2,

4, 1,

3, 5.

Т е к с т

Б. Упр. IX — 2,

4, 5. Упр. XI а)

— 1/4,

II/8,

III/9,

IV/2,

V/I,

VI/7, VII/10, VIII/3,

IX/5,

Х/6. б) — 1/3,

II/6,

III/1,

IV/2,

V/8, VI/4, VI1/9, VIII/10, IX/5, Х/7. Упр. XII a) -

UU, 2/IV,

3/1,

4/1II, 5/V. 6) —

l/III, 2/IV, 3/V, 4/II,

5/1.

Ill

Т е к с т

В. Упр.

IV — 3.

УРОК 2

MINING EDUCATION IN THE USSR

Грамматика: Простое прошедшее время (The Past Indefinite (Simple) Tense) — §41 . Конструкция there Is/there are — § 9 .

Числительные — § 22—25.

I. Запомните следующие слова и сочетания слов:

appear [a'pia] v появляться; казаться; ant disappear исчезать bed [bed] ti пласт, слой, подстилающие породы; syn layer, seam; bedded а пластовый

call for ['ko:l 'fa:] v требовать;

syn demand, require

carry out ['kaari 'aut] v проводить (исследование, эксперимент]); выполнять (план); завершать; syn conduct, make

concentration (dressing) plant [plaint] обогатительная фабрика, обогатительная установка

department [di'pa:tmant] n от-

деление, факультет, кафедра; syn faculty

direct [di'rekt] v руководить;

направлять; управлять; а прямой, точный; directly ado пря-

мо, непосредственно

education [<edju(:)'keij(a)n] n образование; просвещение; get education получать образование

establish [is'tseblij] и основы-


вать,		создавать,		учреждать;
syn	found,		set up		pig	iron
iron	['aian]		n железо;
чугун; cast iron чугун, чугун-
ная отливка				iron	ore	же-
ore [э:(г)] n			руда;
лезная		руда; ore		mining		раз-

работка рудных месторождений process [prou'ses] v обрабатывать; syn work, treat; processing n обработка; разделение

минералов

rapid fraepid] а быстрый research [ri'sa:tj] n научное ис-

следование

technique [tek'ni:k] n техника, способ, метод, технический прием; mining technique горная техника, методы ведения горных работ

train [trem] v обучать, готовить (к чему-л.)\ training ['treinio]

обучение; подготовка

volume ['voljum] п объем; том, книга

to be in need of нуждаться в

(чем-л.)

to cope with the problem спра-	to take part in участвовать- в
виться с проблемой	(чем-л.)

II. Прочитайте следующие сочетания слов и переведите их:

the production of powder metals; higher education; scientific researches; prominent geologists; educational institutions; the ore mining industry; bedded deposits; geological prospecting; scientific research institutes; collieries and opencast mines; factories for processing ferrous and non-ferrous metals; to direct scientific research; to work on important mining problems; to call for the establishment of new educational institutions

III. Определите значения выделенных слов по	сходству их корней
с корнями соответствующих слов в русском	языке:

The Moscow Mining Academy; technical education; highly qualified specialists; geological prospecting; the prominent geologist and oil expert; well-equipped laboratories and demonstration rooms; Russian and foreign scientific books and journals; close contacts with the coal and ore mining industries; to take an active part in the construction of new industrial enterprises; to organize new institutes; to popularize technical achievements

IV. а) Переведите прилагательные с суффиксом "-al": educational, technical, geological, chemical

б) Заполните пропуски прилагательными, образованными от выделенных существительных:

1. Soviet higher schools give the young people an allround education. The number of higher ... institutions increased greatly. 2. Chemistry is an important branch of the national economy. The ... industry produces plastics, synthetic materials and other products. 3. The students specialize in geology at the ... institutes. 4. The scientists of the Moscow Mining Academy carried out researches and developed mining technique. They popularized ... achievements among miners. , .'.•

V. Определите значения слова "volume" в контексте:

1. As is known, for volume of chemical production the German Democratic Republic is one of the leading states in the world. 2. In 1925 the Moscow Mining Academy had a library of many volumes of Russian and foreign scientific books and journals.

IV. Прочитайте следующий текст. Найдите в каждом предложении группу «подлежащее — сказуемое». Определите временную форму глаголов-сказуемых. Переведите текст:

From the first years of the establishment of Soviet power, Russian scientists helped colleagues in other Soviet Republics to develop science and to popularize technological and scientific achievements. Many prominent scientists took part in the establishment of research institutions in Central Asia and other parts of the country. Union Republics founded their own Academies of Sciences. They received considerable assistance (help) from Russian scientists to develop fundamental scientific researches. The USSR Academy of Sciences was the centre of scientific researches in the country. The need for developing raw material and power resources led to the establishment of new research institutions

VII. а)	Прочитайте		вслух	следующие			слова:
Leel —	'active,	a'cademy,			'rapid,		'national, con'tact,				es-
	tablish
[Л] — 'country,			re'public,		'number,			con'struction, indus -
	trial
Ы — 'college,		'volume,			'foreign,		'problem
[э:] — ' o r e , transform,				im'portant,				laboratory,		'call	'for
[э:] —	'work,	'works,		'worker,		'journal,			re'search
[kw] — 'quality,			'qualified, qualification
[k J —'technical,			me'chanical,			, technological,				^mechani-
	'zation
б)	Прочитайте		слитно	следующие			сочетания		слов:

highly-qualified engineers and researchers for the metallurgical and mining industries; one of the best known educational institutions in the Soviet Union; metal-working factories for processing non-ferrous and ferrous metals

VIII. Прочитайте текст 2A. Скажите,	какие	учебные заведения
были созданы в Советском Союзе	на базе	Московской горной
академии:

ТЕКСТ 2А

THE FIRST SOVIET HIGHER

MINING SCHOOL

After the Great October Socialist Revolution the young Soviet Republic was in need of highly-qualified engineers and researchers for the metallurgical and mining industries.

The miners were in need of technical education. There were only a few higher educational establishments which trained geologists and mining engineers in the country at that time. Already in 1918 V. I. Lenin signed the decree on the establishment of the Moscow Mining Academy, the first Soviet higher mining school.

According to the decree the main task of the Moscow Mining Academy was to train mining engineers and technicians to popularize technological achievements among miners,


to work on important problems of mining and								metallurgical
engineering and to direct scientific researches.
	There were three departments in the Academy: mining,
geological		prospecting and			metallurgical. The Moscow				Min-
ing	Academy		introduced a		new	course in coal		mining	mech-
anization		which		provided	the	basis for the		development
of mining engineering. The Soviet scientists								A. M.	Terpi-
gorev and M. M. Protodyakonov							wrote the first text-book
on	machinery		for	mining	bedded		deposits.

Much credit for the establishment of the Moscow Mining Academy and the development of co-operation among out-

standing scientists

and

educators

is due

to1 Academician

I. M.

Gubkin,

the

prominent geologist

and

oil

expert.

1925 the

Moscow

Mining

Academy

was

already

one

of the best-known educational

institutions

the

Soviet

Union. It had well-equipped

laboratories,

demonstration

rooms and a library which had

many

volumes

Russian

and foreign scientific books and

journals.

The Academy established close contacts

with

the

coal

and ore mining industries. The

scientists carried out scien-

tific

researches

and

worked on

important

mining

problems.

The rapid growth of the mining industry called for the training of more highly-qualified specialists and the estab-


lishment of new	educational				institutions.
New collieries		and open-cast mines,				concentration plants,
metallurgical works			and metal-working factories for process-
ing non-ferrous	and		ferrous metals appeared in the country.
The Soviet people			took	an	active part	in the construction
of new industrial		enterprises.
The Academy alone could not cope with the problem of
training specialists.			In	1930 the Moscow Mining Academy

was transformed into six independent institutes. Among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy's departments were the Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Geological Prospecting. Later, the scientific research Institute of Mining was organized near Moscow.

Пояснение к тексту 2А:

1.much creadit ... is due to — большая заслуга ... принадлежит

IX. Укажите, какие предложения соответствуют содержанию текста. Подтвердите свои ответы фактами из текста. Проверьте себя по ключу:

1. After the October Revolution the country was in need of mining engineers and geologists. 2. There were four departments in the Academy. 3. The Academy introduced a new course in coal mining mechanization. 4. In 1925 the Academy had only several well-equipped laboratories, demonstration rooms and a library which had many volumes of books. 5. The Academy established close contacts with the coal industry. 6. In 1930 the Academy was transformed into six independent institutes. 7. The Moscow Mining Institute and the Moscow Institute of Geological Prospecting were among the new colleges which grew out of the Academy's departments.

*X. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:
1. What was the main		task of	the	Academy?			2.	What
new course did the Academy introduce?				3. Were		there three
or four departments at the		Academy?		4.	What	industries
did the Academy establish		contacts with?			5. Who			wrote
the first text-book on machinery for mining					bedded		deposits?
6. When was the Academy transformed				into	six independent
institutes? 7. Why was the		Academy transformed?
XI. Найдите в каждом ряду слово или сочетание слов,							имеющие
наиболее общее значение. Проверьте себя по ключу:
Г)	engineer, 2) chemist, 3) geologist, 4) specialist,						5)	econ-
omist;
1) coal, 2) mineral resources, 3) oil, 4) iron, 5) gas, 6) fer-
rous	metals;
1)	oil industry, 2) gas industry,		3)	extractive			industry;
1)	the sun, 2) atom, 3)	gas, 4)	energy		source,		5)	coal,
6) oil

XII. Подберите к глаголам из списка А соответствующие существительные из списка Б. Переведите словосочетания. Проверьте себя по ключу:

A. I. to carry out, II. to direct, III. to achieve, IV. to prospect for, V. to cope with, VI. to introduce, VII. to equip, VIII. to be in need of, IX. to discover, X. to establish, XI. to sign

Б.	1) problems,	2) results,	3)	new	courses, 4) laborato-
ries, 5)	experiments,	6) researches, 7) specialists, 8) a decree,
9) oil	and gas, 10)	contacts,	11)	new	deposits

XIII. Переведите на английский язык сочетания слов с предлогом "according to" в соответствии с:

в соответствии с (планом; декретом; результатами научных экспериментов; программой исследований)

XIV. а) Найдите в правой колонке русские эквиваленты следующих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

I. mining

equipment

способствовать

разви-

тию

экономики

II. liquid

fuel

потребление

энергии

III.

to meet

the

require-

направлять

научную де-

ments of

science

ятельность

IV.

to ensure

the develop-

проводить

исследования

ment of

the

economy

V. available

resources

принимать активное уча-

VI. energy

consumption

стие

жидкое

топливо

VII. to carry out research-

отвечать

требованиям

науки

VIII . a new course in

имеющиеся

ресурсы

IX. to direct scientific ac-

горное

оборудование

tivity

10.

новый

(учебный)

курс

X. to take

an active part

по

б) Найдите в правой колонке английские эквиваленты следую-

щих сочетаний слов. Проверьте себя

по

ключу:

I. учебник

по

prospecting

for

oil

II. пластовые

месторож-

the

volume

produc-

дения

tion

III.

техническое

образо-

the

text-book

вание

to be

need

spe-

IV. обработка

цветных

металлов

cialists

V. разведка

нефти

technical education

VI. подготовка геологов и

processing of non-fer-

горных

инженеров

rous

metals

VII.

объем

производства

to cope with the problem

VIII. нуждаться

специа-

bedded

deposits

листах

concentration

plant

IX. справиться

пробле-

мои

X. обогатительная фаб-									10.	the	training			of	geolo-
	рика									gists and			mining		engi-
										neers
XV. а)	Прочитайте					по-английски			числительные:
1)	20,		50,		68,		115,	1,379,	1,840,		6,040,		2,500,		9,000,
3,000,000,			1,000,			1,200,		2,500,000
2)	даты:			1922,			1954,	1968,	1867,	1900,		1904,		1600, 2000
3) дроби: V» V3, V4, 78 ,									5/7,	7e ,	7/9.	0.1,		0.2,	0.35,
10.02,	30.2,			0.875
4) проценты: 8%, 20%, 115%, 49%, 63%, 70%,															101%,
0.05%,		1,16%
*б)	Напишите цифрами числительные:
the	seventeenth,						two	hundred and sixty-one, the forties,
the seven			hundred				and	seventy-fifth, five thousand							eight
hundred		and			one,		one	thousand three			hundred

*в) Напишите цифрами дробные и смешанные величины:

one third, a hundredth, a half, a			quarter,	two thirds,
nine	tenths, nine	point eight, point	nought	nought six,
four	point nought	five

XVI. а) Прочитайте следующий текст. Употребите правильную форму глагола из предлагаемых в скобках вариантов. Проверьте себя по ключу:

I. The Kuznetsk Coal Basin (1. begin, 2. began, 3. begun)

develop

rapidly after the October Revolution. II. The

Soviet people (1. take, 2. took,

takes) an active part in the

construction

new

factories, metallurgical

and

chemical

plants,

big

collieries and open-cast mines there. III. Before

the

October

Revolution

coal

mines (1. was,

were, 3. are)

small

and

(1.

have,

had,

has)

primitive

equipment.

IV. The Kuznetsk Coal

Basin

(1.

is, 2.

was, 3. were)

in need

of highly-qualified engineers and researchers for the metal-


lurgical		industry.	V.	The rapid		development			of	the	coal
industry		(1. called	for, 2. call		for,	3. calls		for) the		establish-
ment	of	educational		and scientific			institutions.
	б) Заполните пропуски во втором предложении, употребив вы-
	деленные глаголы в соответствующей временной форме:
1.	The colliery		produces		coking		coal.	Last	year		it ...

more coking coal than in previous years. 2. The miners introduce automation which makes it possible to make their work easier. Last month they ... new methods of production which greatly increased the output of coal. 3. It is obvious that the mechanization and automation of mining processes make it possible to improve the working conditions of miners.

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