Insert who/ whom/ whose/ which/ that/ where or nothing if possible and translate the sentences:

E.g. Do you know the name of the hotel where the dangerous criminal was caught by the police?

The judicial reforms which/that took effect in 1972 have introduced a new national criminal court, the Crown Court.

1. The place … criminal cases are heard is called the Crown Court.

2. I met a friend … father is the greatest judge in our district.

3. He didn’t know anybody … could help him in his trouble with the police. Do you?

4. A person … works at the Bar is an advocate.

5. The investigator has found the evidence … can help to prove her innocence.

6. We know some prisoners … guilt isn’t proved.

7. The court is a place … trials are heard.

8. That barrister … is defending you now has much more experience.

9. The lawyer …I want to hire has just gone away on holiday.

10.Cases … involve minor offences begin and end in Magistrates’ Courts.

UNIT 10

LAW ENFORCEMENT: IDENTIFICATION AND INTERVIEWING

Scan the text and make an abstract of it.

The question of personal identity is, of course, a crucial one while detecting and prosecuting a crime. Are the man in the dock and the man who committed the crime one and the same person? To prove this the law has always relied a good deal on the testimony of eyewitnesses, with or without the formality of identification parades; however this testimony may be unreliable.

The personal characteristics, which can be used for identification, are:

• blood group

• hair colour

• voice

• general appearance

• the shapes, sizes, and arrangement of the teeth and bones

• fingerprints.

Any or all of the five categories may be used in proving identity.

Most if not all police forces train their men to describe personal appearance in precise and recognizable terms. Under headings such as ‘build’, ‘complexion’, ‘nose’, ‘gait’, ‘ears’, etc. lists of standard descriptive terms are prescribed.

The ability of the detective to use a description of a person is important. He must be able to take a description given by another, create a mental image of the person described, and recognize the person. It is necessary to pick out outstanding characteristics, peculiarities, mannerism, or anything else unique, then use words which tell what has been observed so that another person who hears or reads the description can visualize the person described. An exceptionally useful item in a description is the national origin of the person. Birthmarks and tattoos are valuable identification points. Both visible and invisible scars and marks should be reported where known. Significant physical habits are important, e.g. walk, voice, speech, etc.

A modern development of this idea is a new device called the Identikit. The Identikit employs a series of over 800 transparent outline drawings of the different possible shapes for the several features, various combinations of these are tried until the witness is satisfied, and the final result can be photographed for circulation. Several million permutations are possible, and many wanted men have been traced with this device.