III. Перепишіть наступні речення; підкресліть в кожному з них модальне дієслово або його еквівалент. Перекладіть речення українською або російською мовою.

1. He may refer to these figures.

2. You can leave the resume with the secretary.

3. Some goods and services had to be given up in order to obtain the goods

and services you need.

4. She was able to apply to the Consul for a visa.

5. All the preparations must be completed in a week.

6. We were to accept this project for a variety of reasons.

7. He will be allowed to obtain a credit in a month.

8. Application forms should be returned by 12 December.

IV. Перепишіть наступні складнопідрядні речення. Визначте в кожному з них вид підрядного речення та перекладіть їх українською або російською мовою: a) підрядне означальне; b) підрядне додаткове; c) підрядне обставинне часу; d) підрядне умовне речення.

1. The secretary will stay at the office until you return.

2. If he starts his own business he will get a profit in a year.

3. Managers who are poor listeners miss numerous opportunities in their employees’ words.

4. We did not know what had happened during last meeting.

V. Прочитайте та усно перекладіть з 1-го по 5-й абзаци тексту українською або російською мовою.

Пояснення до тексту

1. the apparent benefits – безсумнівна користь

2. tutoring position – посада викладача

3. magnum opus (лат.) – велика праця

4. account - думка

5. at the dawn – на початку

6. field - сфера

Adam Smith

(1723 - 1790)

1. Adam Smith was a Scottish moral philosopher and a pioneer of political economy. He is the author of The Theory of Moral Sentiments and An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. Adam Smith is widely cited as the father of modern economics.

2. Smith obtained a professorship at Glasgow University teaching moral philosophy, and during this time wrote and published The Theory of Moral Sentiments (1759). In this work, he critically examined the moral thinking of the time and suggested that conscience arises from social relationships. Smith proposes a theory of sympathy in which the act of observing others makes people aware of themselves and the morality of their own behavior. Here he first referred to the "invisible hand" to describe the apparent benefits to society of people behaving in their own interests.

3. In his later life he took a tutoring position which allowed him to travel throughout Europe where he met other intellectual leaders of his day. Smith returned home and spent the next ten years writing The Wealth of Nations published in 1776.

4. The Wealth of Nations is Smith's magnum opus and the most influential work. It is a clearly written account of political economy at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution, and is widely considered to be the first modern work in the field of economics. There are three main concepts that Smith expands upon in this work that forms the foundation of free market economics: division of labour, pursuit of self interest, and freedom of trade.

5. The Wealth of Nations expounds that the free market is guided to produce the right amount and variety of goods by a so-called "invisible hand". Smith believed that while human motives were often driven by selfishness and greed, the competition in the free market would tend to benefit society as a whole by keeping prices low, while building an incentive for a wide variety of goods and services.