Требования к оформлению обязательных контрольных работ:

1. Количество работ и срок их выполнения на каждом курсе обучения в аспирантуре (з/о) устанавливается учебным планом института.

2. Выполнять каждую контрольную работу необходимо в письменном виде в отдельной тетради. На обложке аспирант (соискатель) должен обязательно указать Ф. И.О., номер контрольной работы, курс, специальность.

3. Контрольная работа выполняется синими чернилами, аккуратно, разборчивым почерком. Необходимо оставлять широкие поля для замечаний, пояснений, учета ошибок и методических указаний рецензента.

4. Задание контрольной работы выполняются в той последовательности и объеме, в котором они изложены в пособии.

5. Если аспирант (соискатель) при выполнении работы не придерживается этих требований, выполняет работу не полностью или более 25 % заданий работы выполняет неправильно, то работа не засчитывается.

Контрольная работа № 1

I. Read the text. The English Language

1. It is only in the course of the last hundred years that English has become a world language. In Shakespeare’s time it was a “provincial” language of secondary importance with 6 million native speakers. Nowadays English has become the world’s most important language in politics, science, trade and cultural relations. In a number of speakers (more than 300 million) English is second only to Chinese. It is the official language of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, of the United States of America, of Australia and New Zealand. English is used as one of the official languages in Canada, the Republic of South Africa, and the Irish Republic. It is also spoken as a second language by many people in India, Pakistan and numerous countries in Africa, to say nothing of people all over the world who know English – well or not so well – as a foreign language.

2. From the British Isles English spread all over the world, but English has not always been the language of the people of those islands. When the Romans colonized England in the first century of our era, the country was inhabited by Celtic tribes, and until the fifth century only Celtic languages were spoken by the people of Britain. About the middle of the fifth century the British Isles began to be invaded by the Angles, Saxons and Jutes who spoke dialects of the language which was the ancestor of present-day English. We call that language Old English.

3. During the fifteen hundred years that have passed the Anglo-Saxon invasions English has changed considerably. First it was influenced by the language of the Danish (Viking) invaders in the 8^th-10^th centuries. Then between the 12^th and 14^th centuries it was strongly influenced – both in its grammar and vocabulary, and in its pronunciation – by Norman, French – the language of the people who conquered England in the year 1066. Lastly, during the Renaissance, in the 14^th-16^th centuries, came the peaceful “invasion” of a number of Latin and Greek words which were introduced into English. In fact, this invasion has never come to an end, as new words continue to be made up from Latin and Greek roots for new inventions and scientific discoveries.

Notes:

Celtic tribes – кельтские племена

Angles, Saxons, Jutes – англы, саксы, юты (германские племена)

Old English – древнеанглийский язык

the Renaissance – Ренессанс, эпоха Возрождения