5. A)Completethesentencesbelowwiththemodalverbsmust/mustn’t,should(oughtto)orhaveto/don’thaveto.

1. You…studymoreifyouwanttopassthisexam.

2. Ifyouleavenow,you…arrivetherebysixo’clock.

3. You…haveatickettorideinabus.

4. You…moveanypaperonmydesk.

5. Ireally…workharder.

6. Children…obeytheirparents.

7. You…quitsmokingnowthatyouareexpectingababy.

8. It…beatleastfiveweekssincewelastmet.

9. You…berichtobehappy.

1. goodsecretary…speakatleastoneforeignlanguage.

2. Discussthequestionsbelowinpairs.

1. Whichofthemodalverbswouldyouusetogiveapieceofadviceoryourpersonalopinion?

2. Whichofthemshouldbeusedforastrongrecommendationcomingfromtheauthority,likeadoctortalkingtoapatientorateachertoastudent?

3. Whichverbdoyouusetotalkaboutprobabilities,especiallyifyouarequitecertain?

4. Whatiftheprobabilitysoundsmorelikepredictionoryourexpectations?

5. Whatverbisusedtotalkaboutverystrongobligationslikerulesorlaw?

6. Whatiftheobligationornecessityislesscategorical?

7. Whatverbisusedtotalkaboutanecessitythat’safactandyoucan’tdoanythingaboutit?

8. Whatmodalverbshouldbeusedtoexpressyourpersonalnecessity,likegoingtoseeyourgranny?

9. Whatverbinitsnegativeformdoyouusewhenthere’snonecessityorobligation?

10. Whichverbinitsnegativeformisusedtotalkaboutprohi-bitions?

2. CheckyouranswersusingthechartintheGrammarReferencesectiononpages305–307.

2. Foreachofthequestionsabovefindexamplesfromex.5a.

6.Discussthequestionsbelowinsmallgroups.

Areyoualwayshappytofulfillyourfamilyobligations?Why?Shouldallfamilymembershaveobligations?Whatad-vicecanyougivetothosewhohatefamilyobligations?Doyouhearmanyprohibitionsfromyourparents?Doesitmakeyouwanttostruggleagainsttheprohibitions?Whatadvicecanyougivetoauthoritarianparents?Istherearealproba-bilitythatparentswillfollowtheirteen’sadvice?Isthisprob-abilityhighorlowforyourparents?

LESSON5:CRYINGOUTFORHELP

Communicativearea:givingadvice,recommendations

Activevocabulary:concern

1. A)Readthedefinitionsbelow.Workinpairs.Doyouagreewiththem?Writeadefinitionofyourown.

ATEENAGERIS...

• apersonwhocan’tremembertowalkthedogbutneverforgetsaphonenumber.

• ayoungsterwhoreceivesherallowanceonMonday,spendsitonTuesday,andborrowsitfromherbestfriendonWednesday.

• someonewhocanhearhisfavouritesinger3blocksawaybutnothismothercallingfromthenextroom.

• awhizthatcanoperatethelatestcomputerwithoutales-sonbutcan’tmakeabed.

• aromanticwhoneverfallsinlovemorethanonceaweek.

2. a)Workinpairs.Discusswhatkindofproblemstheyoungpeopleofyouragehave.Makealist.

2. Inpairsmakealistoftypicalconcernstheparentsofteenagersmighthave.

2. Whichlistwaseasiertomake?Why?

3. a)Lookthroughthelettersbelow.Whatkindoflettersarethey?

Howmanyoftheproblemsmentionedbythesendersareonyourlist?

1. My15-year-oldsonin9thgradequitmartialartsandnowhangsaroundtalkingonthephoneandusingthecom-puter.Helovedmartialarts–hadbeenatitsincehewas3.WhenIaskedhimwhy,hesaid“Ittakesuptoomuchofmylife’’.Thepointhereisthathewantstohangaroundandusecomputeranddonothingelse.Thisisisolating,badforhiseyesandbody,makeshimmissoutonthepossibilitiestode-veloppersonalityandmakeshimaboring,shelteredperson.ItgetstothepointwherehedoesnotwanttoanswerwhenIamtalkingtohim.Isuggestmanydifferentactivitiesandlookthroughmagazinestofindmore,butheshootsdownev-eryone.Iamhopingsomeoneouttherehasasuggestion;may-beyouwentthroughsomethinglikethisandfoundasolution.

2. My15-year-olddaughterwantstogethertonguepierced.Anyadvice(formeorher!)?Ipersonallyfindtheideadis-gusting.Thankyou.Barbara

3. Wehadanotherargumentwithour19-year-old(yes,19!)whojustcan’tlivewiththelimitswewanttoplaceonwhatweareprovidinginthewayofmoney.The19-year-oldinquestionjustfinishedherfreshmanyearatanextremelyexpensiveschool.Wetoldherwhenshewasapplyingforschoolsthatifshewantedtogototheexpensiveschool,shewouldhavetoearnthemoneyforherpersonalexpenses.Sheagreedthatwasperfectlyfair.Sincethenwe’vehadtwoHUGEargumentsaboutmoney.First,thatshewantsmon-eyforfood.Wetoldherwewouldbuyanygroceriesshewants–justputitonthelist–butweweren’tgoingtogivehermoney(whatshereallywantsismoneysoshecaneatoutwithherfriends).Lastnightitwasgasforhercar(yes,shehasacarofherown,wepayinsurance,butthegasissupposedtobeherresponsibility).I’veofferedtopayherforbabysittingouryoungestchildandshesemi-agreesbutwheneverIneedhershehasotherplans.Whatiswrong?Isshejusttotallyspoiled?

4. Ijustdiscoveredthatmydaughter(turned16inMay)hasbeendrinkingwithhergirlfriends.Shewouldn’tgivememuchinfoonhowmuchorhowoftenbutbasicallyitsoundslikeslightlymorethaneverytwoweeksandthatthey(agroupof6orso)passaroundabottleofvodkaanddrinkuntiltheyfeeldrunk.Shehashadalotoffreedomtospendthenightatvariousgirlfriend’shouses–weknowthepar-entsofabouthalfofthem.Iexplainedtohermyconcerns–overdose,riskybehaviour,alcoholism,etc.MyhusbandandIplantoprohibitherovernightsandpaymoreattentiontowhosehousessheisallowedtogotobutIdon’tknowwheth-erornotIshouldtalktohergirlfriend’sparents.Anyad-vice?ConflictedMom

5. Mydaughterhasaveryexplosivetemper.Sheisdesper-atetoprovesheis‘anadult’(willturn17nextmonth),andoftenfeelslikesheisnotgettingtherespectandau-tonomythatshe‘deserves.’Thenshegetssomadthatsheslamsdoors,yells,andsometimesjuststormsoutofthehouse.Idon’treallyexpecthertobeableto‘getit’thatatalmost17sheisNOTATALLanadult,butIwouldlikehertoatleastlearnsomebetterwaysofcopingwithheranger.Thedoorslamminganddirtywordsareannoyinganddisrespectful,butmaybeIcouldlearntolivewith;mymainconcernisleavingthehouseatnight,whichfeelsre-allydangerous.Wehaveworkedwithtwodifferentthera-pists,Ilikedthemboth,butshethinkstherapyis’stupid,’’boring’and’doesn’twork.’Atherlastsession,sheex-plainedtothetherapistthatshewouldn’thavetogetsomadifotherpeoplejustwouldstopbeingsoannoying;inotherwords,it’snotHERfault,it’sOURS.Anyrecom-mendations?

4. a)Workinpairs.Usethecontexttoexplainwhatthewordsinboldmean.

b)Readthelettersagain.Nametheletter(s)thatsaysorimpliesthat:

• thechildinquestionhassomekindofaddiction;

• thechildisadultenoughtosolvetheproblemshimself;

• theparents’desiretohelpdidn’tdoanygood;

• thechild’sbehaviourmightleadtohealthproblems;

• theparentistryingtofindthewaytointroduceaprohibi-tion;

• thechildisbeingrudetoparents.

5. Discussthequestionsbelowinsmallgroups.

Whatadviceorrecommendationswouldyougivetothecon-cernedparentsineachcase?Istherealetteryourmumcouldhavewritten?Howwouldyoufeelifyourparentssoughtfor

helpfromtheoutside?Whatproblemsmightyourparentsde-scribeinaletterlikethis?

6. Writeareplytooneoftheletters.Startlikethis.

Dearconcernedparent,Iwasreallymovedbyyourletter.Asateenager,Imustadmit…

LESSON6:FAMILYBREAKDOWN

Communicativearea:interview

Activevocabulary:identity,divorce,values,breakdown

1. Discussthequestionsbelowinpairs.

• Whydopeopleliveinfamilies?Whatdofamiliesexistfor?

• Aretraditionalfamiliesstillpopulartoday?

• Isfamilybreakdownaconcernofthegovernment?Whydo

socialscientistsconsiderfamilybreakdownanationaltragedy?

2. a)Workindividually.Usethecardstheteacherhasgivenyou.

Firstlookatthelistofwords(phrases)inyourcard.Trytoguesstheirmeaning.Ifyouknowwhattheymean,trytothinkofadefinition.

2. Lookatthedefinitionsinyourcard.Trytoguessthewordstheydefine.

2. Workinpairs.StudentA:readoutthefirstdefinitionfromyourcard.StudentB:choosethewordfromyourlistthatmatchesthedefinition.Togetherdecideifyouareright.Thenchangeturns.

3. Checkyourmemory.Explainwhatthewordsandphrasesbelowmean.

Anthropologist,bureaucracy,childrearing,divorce,gov-ernmentresources,identity,innercircle,nursinghome,pro-ductivehousehold,values.

4. a)Listentosomepeopletalkingabouttheroleofafamilyinsociety.Whichspeaker(s)mentionsthefollowingfunctionsofafamily?

Buildingthebusinessnetwork;creatinganeconomicunit;givingidentity;holdingthesociety,nationandworldtogeth-er;producingchildren;protectingitsmembers;providingmoralandsocialsupporttoitsmembers;socializingchildren.

b)Finishthephrasesfromtheinterviews.Youdon’thavetousetheexactwordsfromthescript.

1. Therearealsochangesinvalues,economicsandgovernmentpolicies.Thesechangesaremaking…

2. Ibelievetodayfamilieshavelosttheirknowledge,skillsandresources…

3. Alovingmotherandfatherinacommittedmarriageis…

4. Familiesautomaticallyprotecteachotheragainst…

5. Thepeopleinaninnercirclecanberelieduponto...

c)Listenagainandcheck.Doyouagreewiththestatementsinex.4b?

5.a)Takeaminutetothinkhowyouwouldanswerthefollowinginterviewquestions:Whatistheroleofafamily?Whyisfamilyimportant?

b)Role-playthestreetinterview.Havetheinterviewrecorded.

LESSON7:FAMILYGLUE

Communicativearea:talkingaboutfamilytraditionsandspecialevents;sharinginformation,guessing

1.a)Readthejokebelow.Didyougetthehumour?

Myfamilyhasnotraditions.Wejustdothesamething,overandoveragain,eachyear.

2. Completethesentencesbelowwithyourownideas.

1. Asfarasmyfamilyisconcernedthejokeis…,because…

2. Typicalfamilytraditionsinmycountry…3.Havingtradi-tions…

2. a)Youaregoingtolistentoanexperttalkingabouttheimportanceoffamilytraditions.Beforeyoulisten,canyoupredicttheexpert’sreasons?

b)Nowlistentotherecordingandcheck.Howmanyofthemdidyouguess?Whatreasonsdidn’tyoumention?

2. Whichofyourideasdidn’ttheexpertmention?Sharewiththeclass.

2. a)InhisLiveJournalthebloggerFamilyguyhasaskedotherbloggerstosharetheirfamilytraditions.Readtherepliesbelow.Dothebloggerssoundhappytosharetheirtraditions?Why?

Concerned:Mymomwouldalwaysgreaseournosewithbut-teronourbirthdaymorning,sowecouldslideintothenextyear.(Doesanyoneelsehavethiscrazytradition?Ithinkit’sIrish.Wekidsdidn’tenjoyitmuch.)

Ivan:Whensomeoneinyourfamilygetsanewjob,apromo-tion,oraraise,createatraditionthattheytakeyououtfordinner.Itdoesn’thavetobeafancyorexpensivedinner–youcangoforpizzaorwraps.We’vebeendoingitforyears!

Tabitha:Whatagreatpost!MyboyfriendandItrytoregu-larlyvisitareasinthecity(WashingtonDC)wherewelive.

Eventhoughwe’reresidents,wegotocheckoutsomenewspotatleastonceaweek.It’sfuntoactlikeatouristanddiscoversomethingnew.Wedefinitelyplanoncontinuingthistradi-tionasourfamilygetsbigger,nomatterwherewelive!

RoaldfromBoston:Wehaveacoupleoftraditions.EveryThursdaynightisfamilybiblestudy.Mymumanddadencour-ageuskidstoaskquestionsaboutGodandourfaith.Fridaynightispizzaandamovie.Wealsogettogetheronceamonthatoneofourextendedfamilies’homesforfamilydinner.Ev-eryoneinthefamilygetsaturnattheirhome.

Tinylittle:Wehaveafuntraditioninourfamilywherewhensomeonehasabirthdayorspecialoccasion,theygetaspecialredplate.Alittleweird,buteveryonelovesthatredplate!

Benjamin:Wehavenotdoneitinawhile,butmyfamilylikestohavemusicappreciationnightswhereeachpersongetstopickonesongfromaCDthattheyliketoplayforthewholefamilytolistento.Wewillthentalkaboutwhatwelikeaboutitanditusuallyendsupineveryonedancing.Iplancarryingonthistraditionwithmyownkidsoncetheyareoldenough.

Grandson:Ilovealltheideasonthispage.OnethingthatmyfamilydoeseveryChristmasisahome-madeChristmasMovie.Wetrytotakeallthegoodandbadmemoriesoftheyearandreenacttheminafunnylight-heartedway.EveryoneinthefamilyisinvolvedfromGrandmaandGrandpatotheyoungestmember.Wewatchthemovierightbeforeweopenourgifts.It’sthebestwaytostartthenightout.

JaiJoshi:Manyofmyfamilytraditionsarefaithbasedbutwehavesomegreatones.Wehaveadayinsummer,calledRakshaBandan,thatisjustforbrothersandsisters.Sisterstieprotectionbandsaroundtheirbrother’swristandfeedhimsweetsandhegivesthempresents,vowingtocareforandprotectthemalways.Itrenewsthetiesbetweenthemandensuresthatevenwhentheyarefarawaytheythinkofeachother.

ShaylaK:Everybodyinmyfamilyhashairthatexpressestheirpersonality.Mydad’shairisabalding,bright,neonpink.Heissofunny,weirdandanoutgoingperson.Myyoungerbrother,hishairislikeadark,shaggy,brownmop.Youcanneverseehisface,justhismouththatismostlyshut.Myyoungestbrotherhashairlikespikesinatorturechamber.Withlightredonthetips,likeblood.

Myhairisaspurpleasdarkrainysky.Butmymom’shairislikearainbow,brightingupthesky.Butwhenshe’smaditgetsdark.Whenshe’shappythecoloursshineoffherheadlikeSkittlesallbright.

Smonespecial:Myfamilytakesabigfamilyvacationforaweekeverytwoyears.Thisstartedwithmygrandparents,aunts/uncles,andcousins.Nowmanyofmycousinsaremar-riedandhavekids,soourvacationcontinuestogetbiggerandbigger.Alotofpeopleareshockedthatourvacationisforanentireweek,butitworkswell.Givesustimetoreconnect…andremindsuswhywedon’tliveclosertogether.=)Oneofthetra-ditionsofvacationishavingonebigmealadayalltogether.Eachofthe6siblings’familiestakeanighttobeinchargeofthemealandentertainment.

b)Lookthroughtherepliesagain.Workinpairs.Whichofthetraditionsare:easytoadopt,veryunique,funtotryatleastonce,amusing,quitecommon,religious,weekly,yearly,borrowedfromanotherculture?Whichtraditionswouldyouliketoadopt?Whichoneswouldyourfamilyturndown?Why?

2. a)Preparetotalkaboutoneofyourfamilytraditions.Inventonemorefamilytraditionthatyourfamilydoesn’tfollow.

2. Walkaroundtheclass.Tellyourclassmatesaboutbothtraditions.Letthemguesswhichoneistrue.Thenchangeroles.

2. Reportonthemostunusualtraditionorspecialeventyou’veheardfromyourclassmates.

2. Tellyourpartneraboutyourfamilytraditionsorspecialevents.

Doyouhaveanythingincommonwithyourpartner?

LESSON8:GRANDMOTHER’SHOUSE

Communicativearea:inferringmeaningfromcontext

1. a)Workinpairs.Whatdoesthepicturebelowshow?

b)Putthewordsbelowinto5groupsaccordingtothepictureabove:

watch,illusion,leather,telescope,goosebumps,smell,mi-crophone,cold,eavesdrop,moist,noise,texture,fingertips,yummy,fluffy,sticky,stink,aroma,spiky,frost,attractive,sour,delicious,tasteless,humid,blizzard,lightening,flavor,spicy,shortsighted,shiny,hearingaid,perfume,visual,view,observe,binoculars,microscope,linen,pattern,sweet,silhou-ette,drizzle.

2. a)Readthechapterfromaboy’spersonalmemoirs.Whatweretheauthor’sfeelingswhenhewaswritingthispiece?Why?

Mygrandmother’shousehasaveryspecialplaceinmyheart.IlivedwithmygrandmotherformanyyearswhenIwaslittle.Herhousealwaysseemedtohavesomethingaboutitthatsetitapartfromalltherest.Asyouwalkedintothefrontdoorofherhouseyounoticedalong,slenderstairwaythatledupintothemainhallwayofthehouse.Thestrongsmellofcigarettesmokewasquiteevidentwhenyoureachedthispoint.Yes,mygrand-motherdidsmoke.

Mygrandmother’shousewasalwaysfulloflaughterandmanycheers.OurfamilyusedtocallitGrandCentralStation.Therewasalwayssomeoneoverherhousevisiting–familyorfriends.Mygrandmother’sdoorswerealwaysopentoeveryonenomatterwhat.Whenmygrandmotherhadcompanyshewouldtellusveryseriouslytoactnicelyinfrontofthemorshewouldbeveryupsetatus.

Mygrandmotheralwayssatinthekitchenofherhouse.Thisiswhereshewoulddrinkherhotblackcoffeewithnosug-arandsmokeherVirginiaSlimcigarettes.Shewouldsome-timessitinherkitchenforhoursuponendandwatchtheducksandthegeeseswimmingbyontheriverandifitwaswarmenoughoutsideshewouldcrumbleupsomebreadandfeedittothemalittleatatime.

Inthesummertimemygrandmotherandwhoeverhappenedtobeatthehousewouldsitoutonthesundeckforhoursandtalkaboutanythingandeverythingimaginable;shewasknownastheneighbourhoodgossipqueen.Thesundeckwasaplaceforeveryonetositandrelaxinthewarmsunnybreeze.Mygrandmotherwasaveryspontaneousperson,shedidwhatshewantedtoatthedropofahatandnobodyeverstoppedher.ShewasalwaysveryactiveinmanythingslikevolunteeringforVeteransAuxiliary,makingcrafts,cooking,cleaning,etc.,butshealwayshadtimefortheonessheloved.

Livingatmygrandmother’shousewasindeedalotoffunbecauseshewassoeasygoingwithme.SheallowedmetodoallthethingsthatIwantedtodoanddreamedabout.ShewasalwayswillingtolendmeahandinanythingthatIneeded.Shewasaverygivingpersontoeveryonearoundherandsheneveraskedforanythinginreturn.Shealwayshadaneartoearsmilethatwouldbrightenupanyone’sdayifitwasn’tgo-