Ozonedepletionandmeltingoftheice.Pollutioninthepast.Greenhouseeffect.Carbonfootprint.Internationalagreements.Globalwarming.Pollutionnow.

2. Isthesituationwithpollutionchangingforthebetterorfortheworse?

3. a)Readtheunderlinedconditionalsentences(ex.2a).Whichofthemtellsusabout1)realfuture;2)unrealpresent;3)unrealpast?

2. Matchtheunderlinedsentenceswiththepatternsbelow:

ConditionalI:If+PresentSimple,will+SimpleInfinitive

ConditionalII:If+PastSimple,would+SimpleInfinitive

ConditionalIII:If+PastPerfect,would+PerfectInfinitive

2. Answerthequestions.

1.WhatworddoyoualwaysuseinthemainclauseoftheUnrealConditionalsentences?2.WhatworddoyoualwaysuseintheconditionalclauseoftheUnrealConditionalsentences?

3. Doesthemeaningofthesentencechangeifyouchangetheorderoftheclauses?4.Doyoualwaysputacommabetweentheclauses?5.Whichofthegrammarstructurestellsusaboutlostopportunities?

3. Completethesentenceswiththecorrectformsoftheverbstoexpresslostopportunities.

1. Ifindustries(not/increase)releasinggreenhousegasesin-totheatmosphere,thegreenhouseeffect(start)tobuildup.

2. Ifhumans(release)fewerCFCsintotheatmosphere,theozonelayer(become)depleted.

3. Ifhumans(not/cutdown)somanytreesforfuel,they(re-lease)somuchpollutionintotheair.

4. Ifhumans(not/cutdown)somanytrees,theforests(ab-sorb)morecarbondioxidebynow.

5. Ifrainandsnow(not/start)mixingwithacids,theproblemoftheacidrain(not/appear).

6. Thehumans(make)suchagreatimpactontheenvironmentifthey(produce)suchanamountofgreenhousegases.

5. A)Workinpairs.Usethechainofeventstospeakaboutlostopportunities.Taketurns.

E.g.Ifhumanshadn’tdeveloped,theywouldn’thavemadeprogress.

humansdeveloped→humansmadeprogress→theymovedtocities→industriesdeveloped→citiesgrewinpopulation→citiesgrewinsize→peopleneededmoreelectricity,carsandotherproducts→industriesgrew→morefuelswereburnt→moregreenhousegaseswereproduced→moreheatwasaccu-mulatedintheatmosphere→thetemperatureoftheEarthrose→humansdamagedtheEarth→humansbecameanendangeredspecies

b)Individually,writedownthechainofevents,usingConditionalIII.

5. Workingroups.Lookbackatex.1andthelessontitle.Howarethehighlightedtermsandthelessontitleinterdependent?Reporttheresultsofyourdiscussiontotheclass.

LESSON3:DEFORESTATION

Communicativearea:speakingaboutdeforestation,speakingaboutlostopportunities

Activevocabulary:rainforest,rate,lungs,crops,tobreathe,breath,toplant,soil,fertile

Activegrammar:ConditionalIII

1. A)Doyouhaveanythingmadefromtreesinyourhome?Sharewiththeclass.

2. Workinpairs.Dothequizonrainforests.

Question1:Whereintheworldcanyoufindtropicalrainforests?

A:InCentralAmericaandtheAmazonRiverBasinB:InSouth-EastAsiaandAustralia

C:IntheCongoRiverBasinandMadagascarD:Inallofthese

Question2:Howmanyspeciesbecomeextincteverydayintheworld’stropicalrainforests?

A:1B:10C:25D:35

Question3:Rainforestsarefulloflife.Howmanyspe-ciesmightyoufindinjustonesquarekilometreofforest?

A:500B:1000C:2000D:3000

Question4:Theforestshavebeenaroundforalongtime,someareasoldas

A:TheTowerofLondonB:EgyptianPyramidsC:Ro-manPantheonD:Dinosaurs

Question5:Plantsfromtherainforestshavehelpedustotreat

A:LeukaemiaB:BreastcancerC:AsthmaD:Allofthese

Question6:Whatdowegetfromtropicalrainforests?A:SugarandspicesB:BambooandrubberC:Choco-lateandpineapplesD:Allofthese

Question7:Howtalldotreesgrowintherainforest?

A:15metresB:25metresC:45metresD:65metres

Question8:Traditionalrainforesthuntersuseblowpipesandpoisontippeddarts.Wheredotheygetthepoisonfrom?

A:PlantsB:FrogsC:SpidersD:Snakes

Question9:Eachyearwecutdownanareaofrainforestthesizeof:

A:1/10ofBelarus B:Minsk C:100footballpitchesD:Europe

2. Whichfactsdoyoufindmostsurprising?

2. a)Workintwogroups.Group1makesalistofdangersthatrainforestsface.Group2makesalistofdangersthatpeoplewillfaceifrainforestsdisappear.Reporttotheclass.

2. )ListentotheinterviewwiththeBrazilianexpertonrainforestsRosaLemosdeSa.Whichdangersfromyourlistsarementionedintheinterview?

LOSTTHERE,FELTHERE

2. )Readthescriptoftheprogramme.Fillinthemissingwords.Then,listenandcheck.

tobreathe,breath,toplant,rate,crops,fertile,soil,lungs

Interviewer:ThereisnodoubtthattheAmazonrainforestisveryimportantfortheenvironment.ButitisthoughtthatanareabiggerthanFrancehasbeencutdownsincethe1970s,andrecentlytreesarebeingcutdownatanevenmoreworry-ing(a)….

RosaLemosdeSa:TheAmazonrainforestisbeinggivenextraprotectionnow,becausetheBraziliangovernmentisworriedabouthowquicklyitisbeingdestroyed.Politicianshavedecid-edthey’vegottodomoretostoppeopleillegallycuttingdowntreesintheforest.

I:TheAmazonforestisknownas‘the(b)…oftheworld’.Why?

R:Thisisbecausethetrees(c)…ingaseslikecarbondioxide–whichareharmfultous–andbreatheoutoxygen,cleaningtheairforus.Deforestationinthisareaislikelytoincreasethegreenhousegascarbondioxideintheatmosphere.

I:Someexpertssaythatforestsdepletionisalsoincreasingozoneintheatmosphereandmakingpeopleshortof(d)….

R:Fortunately,it’samyth.Ozonedepletionishappeningduetochemicals(CFCs)releasedintotheatmospherebypeople.Anddeforestationisnotmakingpeopleshortofbreathasthereisenoughoxygenintheairtobreathe.

I:7.5millionhectaresofrainforestarebeingcutdowneachyeartomakespaceforgrowingcattleand(e)…andforsale–thatmakes20footballpitcheseveryminute.

R:Humanactivitieshavemadeaterribleimpactontheenvi-ronmentintheregion.Ifpeoplehadn’tcutdownthetreestodevelopagriculture,the(f)…wouldn’thavebecomeunabletoproducegoodcrops.Alongwiththetrees,ahugenumberofspeciesofplantsandanimalshavedisappeared,thatcouldbeusefultopeopleinthefuture.Ifthehabitatforwildlifehadn’tbeenlost,huntingwouldn’thavebecomemorediffi-cultforthelocalpeopleandtheircultureswouldn’thavebeenlost.

I:Whatcanbedonetoprotectrainforests?

R:Youmaythinkthatitisjustnecessarytostoppeoplecut-tingdowntrees.However,it’snotassimpleasthat.Mostofthecountriesthathaverainforestsarepoorandhavehighratesofpopulationgrowth.They’rejusttryingtomakesomemoney.

I:Sowhatdoyouthinkshouldhavebeendonebythelocalau-thorities?

R:Ifamixtureofdifferentcropsandtreeshadbeen(g)…to-gether,thesoilswouldhavestayed(h)….Andifwildlifere-serveshadbeensetup,moremoneycouldhavebeenmadethroughtourism.It’snevertoolatetostartmakingchanges,though.Thepricesforrainforestproductsshouldbeincreased,salesofhardwoodshouldbebanned,damagecausedbyma-chineryshouldbereducedandtraditionsofthelocalpeoplemustberespected.

3. a)Findsentencesintheinterviewwhichtellusaboutlostopportunities(ConditionalIII).Changethembacktorealfacts.

E.g.Ifpeoplehadn’tcutdownthetreestodevelopagricul-ture,thesoilwouldn’thavebecomeinfertile.–Peoplecutdowntreestodevelopagriculture.Asaresult,thesoilbecameinfertile.

2. Putthefactsaboutrainforestsinthelogicalorder.

A.Treeswerecutdown.B.Newtreesgrewmoreslowlyandtherewerefewerspecies.C.Soilbecamelessfertileandthegroundgotdry.D.Treesdidnotprotectsoil,sonutrients(пи-тательныевещества)werewashedoutbytherain.E.Itwashardfortheraintogetintothesoil,sotherewasriskofflood-ing(затопления).

2. Changethepairsoffactsfromex.3bintoConditionalIIIsentencestospeakaboutlostopportunities.

E.g.Iftreeshadn’tbeencutdown,newtreeswouldn’thavegrownmoreslowly.

4. a)Workinpairs.Makealistofthingsyoucandotoprotectrainforests.

b)WriteaparagraphforaforumonrainforestsontheInternetexpressingyouropinionontheproblem.UsethenewwordsfromthelessonandatleastonesentencewithConditionalIIIforms.

LESSON4:ANIMALSINDANGER

Communicativearea:speakingaboutanimalsindanger

Activevocabulary:poacher,powers,rare,ape,humans,habitat

1. Lookatthephotosoffamouspeople.Doyourecognisethem?

Theyareallactors.Butwhatelsedotheyhaveincommon?

2. a)Matchthewordsbelowwiththeirdefinitions.

rare	a)peoplewhocatchandkillanimalsillegally
poachers	b)notoftenfoundonearth
powers	c)abilities
apes	d)thenaturalsurroundingsinwhichananimalorplantusuallylives
humans	e)gorillas,chimpanzeesororangutans
habitat	f)people

b)Workinpairs.Askandanswerthequestionsbelow.

1.Whoismoreintelligent:humansorapes?2.Wherearethehabitatsofgreatapes?3.Canyounameanyanimalsthathavebecomeextinct?Canyounameanyrareanimals?4.Inmanycountriespeoplebelievethatsomeanimalshavemagicalpowers.Haveyoueverheardaboutsuchanimals?5.Arethereanypoachersinyourcountry?