- •Е.Н.Бобровская, е.Ю.Вовк, е.Г.Эсаулова
- •Contents Page
- •Grammar in Use 117
- •Verbals (Non-Finite Forms of the English Verbs)
- •In phrases, with one or more accompanying words.
- •The Infinitive
- •2. Introduction
- •3. Forms
- •Bare Infinitive
- •Functions
- •Functions of the infinitive
- •6. Infinitive Constructions
- •6.1. The Objective with the Infinitive Construction
- •6.2. The Subjective Infinitive Construction
- •Grammar practice
- •5. A) Use the infinitive in the non-perfect form of the active or passive voice.
- •6. Use either of the infinitives in brackets, give two variants where possible and explain the difference.
- •7. Translate into English.
- •8. Insert the particle to where necessary.
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the dialogue; find all the bare infinitives and explain their use. Act out the dialogue in class.
- •I’d Rather Pack Now
- •2. Your friend is going away on holiday. Now, she (he) is packing her (his) suitcase. You are trying to help by giving advice.
- •3. Make up dialogues using the given phrases:
- •Read the text; find all the infinitives and state their functions. Retell the passage.
- •Read the story. State the functions of the infinitives. Retell the story using as many infinitives as possible.
- •Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •9. The Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction.
- •Read the dialogue. Find all the Objective-with-the Infinitive Constructions in it and explain their use. Learn the dialogue and act it out in class. Do the tasks below.
- •Read the story “Shark-eating people” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the story “Sea Saga” and retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive construction where possible:
- •Read the extract about the Bermuda Triangle. Retell it, using the Objective-with-the Infinitive Construction where possible.
- •Read the text. Do the tasks below. A Road Accident
- •Read the following article about Christopher Columbus and list the information about him in your notebook under the two headings below, use the Subjective Infinitive Constructions.
- •Complete the sentences with the For-to-Infinitive Constructions and act out the dialogues.
- •In the Station Buffet
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Nursery rhymes and poems.
- •Idealists
- •4. Familiar Quotations
- •5. Funny Stories
- •The Science of Speaking
- •6. Read the jokes. Analyze the function of the infinitives in them:
- •The Gerund
- •7. Introduction
- •8. Forms of the Gerund
- •9. Functions of the Gerund
- •Functions of the gerund
- •10. Gerundial Predicative Constructions
- •11. The Gerund and the Verbal Noun
- •12. The Infinitive and the Gerund
- •Predicative
- •The main thing
- •Part of a predicative
- •Prepositional Object
- •Grammar practice
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Read the story below and find all the gerunds. State their functions.
- •2. Read the following articles and answer the questions below. Nurses can help people give up smoking
- •Cigarettes kill 7 times more than roads major effort urged to stop child smokers
- •Let’s talk
- •1. What’s the problem in Trudy’s family? How common is it?
- •2. Sum up the advice given by the readers. Which of the advice may help, do you think? Which advice would you follow if you had the same problem? What advice would you offer Trudy?
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes
- •5. Poems
- •6. Funny Stories No Use Trying
- •Friendly Advice
- •It Speaks for Itself
- •Tiger Hunting
- •A High Price
- •The Participle
- •14. Introduction
- •15. Forms of the Participle
- •An escaped prisoner
- •16. Functions of the participle
- •16.1. Attribute
- •16.2. Adverbial Modifier
- •16.3. Predicative
- •17. Misrelated Participles
- •18. Predicative Constructions with the Participle
- •18.1. The Objective Participial Construction
- •18.2. The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The subjective construction with
- •18.3. The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.4. The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •18.5. Absolute Constructions without a Participle
- •19. The Gerund and the Participle
- •Grammar in use
- •Grammar in use
- •1. Alcohol and you
- •Did you know?
- •Alcohol myths
- •2. A) Read the following news story and answer questions about it.
- •Women in aids frontline Main cause of death for women aged 20-40
- •Fun with grammar
- •1. Proverbs
- •2. Familiar Quotations
- •3. Limericks
- •4. Nursery Rhymes and Poems
- •5. Funny Stories
- •General revision
- •1. Find all the verbals in the following text, state their functions. Going on a Trip
- •2. Put the verbs in brackets into a correct form.
- •5. Use a participle, a gerund, or an infinitive, or a construction instead of the verbs given in brackets; underline them, name the non-finite form used and state its function.
- •6. Put in the correct forms. Tell the story to the class.
- •List of Grammar Books
- •398020 Г.Липецк, ул.Ленина, 42
Grammar in use
1. Read the dialogue; find all the bare infinitives and explain their use. Act out the dialogue in class.
I’d Rather Pack Now
Bill: Well, Mary, here we all are to take you to dinner, before our holiday begins tomorrow.
Mary: Oh, but I haven’t packed yet.
George: We can help you pack later.
Ann: However, perhaps she’d better do it now.
Mary: Yes, I’d rather do it now. Need I take a lot of things? Do I need more than one case?
George: No, only what is necessary for a few days.
Bill: You’d better take a change of clothes – and of course your toothbrush. And you may need something to eat on the train.
Ann: You ought to take a book to read, your camera, and of course your bathing costume.
Mary: If you add much more, I’ll have to take two cases, after all
George: But wouldn’t you rather take too much than too little?
Bill: You’d better not listen to George. You mustn’t take more than you can carry because we may not always find porters to carry our things.
Ann: Oh, that doesn’t matter, Bill. You and George will have to carry them if we can’t find porters.
George: Do you here that, Bill? Will you be able to carry Mary’s bags as well as your own?
Mary: Of course he will! I’ll be able to get everything in one case, I’m sure.
2. Your friend is going away on holiday. Now, she (he) is packing her (his) suitcase. You are trying to help by giving advice.
You’d better… do your packing now
YOU Hadn’t you better… take too much than too little
Wouldn’t you rather… take all you may want
Why not… take something to eat on the train
have your suitcase labelled
hurry up
… …. …
Make up your dialogue and act it out in class.
3. Make up dialogues using the given phrases:
– I’ve never known you to…
I’ve got nothing to do but…
Why don’t you…?
I would sooner … than …
– I’m sorry to have left you by yourself. I meant to … but…
Oh, there’s nothing to speak of. I …
I wanted to drop in to…
Has (Frank) persuaded you …?
- You really do nothing but…!
You’d better …
Why don’t you…
I feel…
– I feel…
You ought to…
I cannot but…
I think you’d better…
Read the text; find all the infinitives and state their functions. Retell the passage.
LET’S TALK ABOUT GOOD MANNERS
Good manners are sure to be appreciated everywhere, so don’t fail to be polite.
To whisper in company is bad manners. If what you wish to say cannot be said aloud, reserve it for a suitable occasion.
It is important to be punctual. Coming on time is essential when keeping an appointment whether one is meeting a friend or whether one is having a business talk. It is also bad manners to keep looking at the watch when in company as if you were impatient for the time to pass.
To be pleasant company be a good listener. Don’t be indifferent or impatient when others are speaking. Interrupting others is a bad habit. If you wish to be popular, avoid talking about yourself and your affairs. Talk to people about what interests them, not you. To touch upon personal subjects in general conversation is bad manners. The best topics for light social conversation are art, sports, weather, and the hobby of the person you are speaking with.
When in company, don’t open a book or a newspaper and begin reading to yourself. It is not a crime to be bored in company, but it is bad manners to show that you are bored. Don’t be a bore yourself.
Do the tasks below.
Complete these statements:
It’s bad manners to …
It’s impolite to …
It’s a bad habit to…
It’s wrong to…
It doesn’t do to… (не годится)
You don’t behave this way, I hope?
X is too polite to…
too well-bred to…
N is well-bred enough never to …
M is gentleman enough not to…
I think all of you want to be pleasant company.
Do you know what you should do to be popular?
Finish up the sentences:
To be pleasant company, it’s important…
It’s necessary…
You should…
To be popular, you should/shouldn’t …
Not to be a bore …
Generally speaking, what people are fun to be with?
… are interesting to talk to?
… are pleasant to deal with?
What do you think of your classmates?
Is M easy to deal with?
… pleasant to talk to?
… easy to get along with?
… fun to be with?
Use: to do him/her justice,…
To tell the truth, …
To be quite frank, …
To put it mildly, …
Needless to say, …
To begin with, …
…, so to speak.
Is X the kind of girl to rely on?
…to let you down?
Is L someone to admire?
Is M the man to make a girl happy?
Is Y the kind to forget her promises?
… break her word?
Say a few words about one of your classmates who you admire.